Radiology Commons^™

Association Between Ct Severity Score And Clinical Severity Score Of Covid-19 Pneumonia At Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Paul Kareithi Nduati

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Background: Imaging with chest computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated a role in stratifying COVID-19 patients into different clinical severity groups thus facilitating appropriate care decisions. In a limited number of settings, the wider applicability and reproducibility of these findings is unclear. Objectives: To determine the association between chest CT severity score and clinical severity of illness in RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV2 patients. To evaluate the relationship of CT chest severity score with short term clinical outcome of patients. Methods: CT chest of 172 SARS-CoV2 patients who accessed care at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi between 14th March and 31st December 2020 …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Axillary Ultrasound In Predicting Nodal Metastasis Among Patients With Early Breast Cancer At Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, David Mwaniki

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

With emerging evidence showing that the incidence of breast cancer in Kenya is increasing, there is renewed emphasis on screening, early detection, and management of breast cancer. Early breast cancer (EBC) has a better prognosis and is potentially curable. Axillary nodal metastasis is an important prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Axillary ultrasound is the best modality for assessing, and managing, the affected nodes. It is a readily available and versatile tool with several sonographic nodal characteristics suggestive of metastatic involvement having been described in previous studies. Axillary ultrasound (AUS) performance in predicting nodal metastasis has yielded variable results which are …

Radiological Comparison Of Tumour Burden Of Lymphoma In Hiv Positive And Hiv Negative Patients, Poonamjeet Kaur Loyal

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Introduction: Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are known to exhibit atypical pattern of lymphoma on imaging. There is paucity of literature on differences in tumour volume or burden of disease amongst HIV positive patients compared with HIV negative patients and how this correlates with clinicopathological parameters of aggressiveness and effects on prognosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tumour burden of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in HIV positive patients compared with HIV negative and how this correlates with the clinicopathological parameters of aggressiveness and the overall clinical outcome. Methods: This was a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. All …

Interventional Radiology Procedures Without Sedation: The Nurse Experience, Catherine De Leon

Dissertations

Background: Many IR procedures offer a less invasive and economical alternative to some open or laparoscopic surgeries. Patients undergoing a procedure without moderate sedation are awake, alert, with heightened sensory perceptions, and vulnerable to their surroundings. There is a gap in the current body of literature relating to the IR nurse’s experience of caring for patients during procedures without the use of moderate sedation.

Purpose/Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of Interventional Radiology (IR) nurses caring for conscious patients undergoing a procedure without the use of sedation. This phenomenological study aimed to describe the …

Optimal Fasting Duration To Effectively Suppress Physiological 18f- Fluorodeoxyglucose (Fdg) Myocardial Uptake On A Positron Emission Tomography Scan., Fatima Abdullahi Ali

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is used in evaluation of inflammatory disorders, including the heart such as cardiac sarcoidosis and myocarditis. However, the normal uptake of the myocardium is a challenge as it can obscure pathological uptake in these conditions. The primary objective of this study is to determine the optimal fasting duration to suppress physiological myocardial uptake and thereafter establish an imaging protocol. Methods: Patients who had whole body FDG PET CT examination for oncological evaluation at the Aga Khan University Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into …

Integration Of Biomedical Imaging And Translational Approaches For Management Of Head And Neck Cancer, Abdallah Mohamed, Abdallah Mohamed

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The aim of the clinical component of this work was to determine whether the currently available clinical imaging tools can be integrated with radiotherapy (RT) platforms for monitoring and adaptation of radiation dose, prediction of tumor response and disease outcomes, and characterization of patterns of failure and normal tissue toxicity in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with potentially curable tumors. In Aim 1, we showed that the currently available clinical imaging modalities can be successfully used to adapt RT dose based-on dynamic tumor response, predict oncologic disease outcomes, characterize RT-induced toxicity, and identify the patterns of disease failure. We …

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Image-Guided Intervention: Quantitative Characterization Of Reagents For Thermochemical Ablation, Emily A. Thompson

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Thermochemical ablation (TCA) is a minimally invasive therapy under development for hepatocellular carcinoma, a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. TCA utilizes acid-base chemistry delivered simultaneously to induce local ablation when administered. When delivered via a mixing catheter placed directly into the tumor, acid (e.g., AcOH) and base (e.g., NaOH) react to completion at the catheter tip, producing the acetate salt, water, and releasing heat (Δ>50°C) in sufficient quantities to induce lethal osmotic and thermal stress in tumor cells. However, these two reagents are not distinguishable from tissues with noninvasive imaging modalities, which makes monitoring the delivery of TCA …

Large Aortic Pseudoaneurysm After Bentall Procedure In A Patient With Marfan's Syndrome., David Saul, Vinay Kandula, Achala Donuru, Christian Pizarro, Mary Patricia Harty

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

An 11-year-old male with Marfan's syndrome and aortic root dilatation underwent an uneventful Bentall procedure to replace his aortic root and valve. Five months later, surveillance echocardiogram revealed a slowly enlarging pseudoaneurysm arising from the ascending aorta. This finding was subsequently confirmed by computed tomographic angiogram. The patient had successful open surgical repair and paraaortic hematoma evacuation.

Patient Reported Experience In A Radiation Oncology Department, Demetra Yannitsos, Petra Grendarova, Abdulla Al-Rashdan, Linda Watson, Wendy Smith, Fiona Lochray, Jackson Wu, Lisa Barbera

Patient Experience Journal

Understanding patient experience is essential to providing high quality, person-centered care. A real-time baseline cross-sectional study was completed to identify gaps in patient experience that can be targeted for quality improvement (QI). This study is part of PROSE (Person-centered Radiation Oncology Service Enhancement), a QI initiative developed to improve patient experience at a tertiary cancer centre Radiation Oncology (RO) Department. Data was collected using the Your Voice Matters (YVM) questionnaire. The YVM captures information on the patient’s last visit, and questions are organized based on dimensions of person-centered care. Recruitment occurred between May and August 2019 in the radiation department. …

Development Of A Dual Drug-Loaded, Surfactant-Stabilized Contrast Agent Containing Oxygen, Raj Patel, Quezia Lacerda, Brian E Oeffinger, John R. Eisenbrey, Ankit K. Rochani, Gagan Kaushal, Corinne Wessner, Margaret A Wheatley

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Co-delivery of cancer therapeutics improves efficacy and encourages synergy, but delivery faces challenges, including multidrug resistance and spatiotemporal distribution of therapeutics. To address these, we added paclitaxel to previously developed acoustically labile, oxygen-core, surfactant-stabilized microbubbles encapsulating lonidamine, with the aim of developing an agent containing both a therapeutic gas and two drugs acting in combination. Upon comparison of unloaded, single-loaded, and dual-loaded microbubbles, size (~1.7 µm) and yield (~2 × 109 microbubbles/mL) (~1.7) were not statistically different, nor were acoustic properties (maximum in vitro enhancements roughly 18 dB, in vitro enhancements roughly 18 dB). Both drugs encapsulated above required doses …

The Benign Mimickers Of Carcinoma On Breast Mri, Irmak Durur-Subasi, Adem Karaman, Elif Demirci, Sare Sipal, Mufide Nuran Akcay

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The similarity between benign and malignant pathologies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a wide-ranging variability of the lesions from benign proliferative changes to invasive breast carcinoma cause a lower and wide-ranging specificity of breast MRI relative to its surpass sensitivity. A wide range of tissue components such as the skin, the adipose tissue, vascular and neural tissues, connective tissues, glandular tissues, ducts, and muscle tissues are found here all together. This pictorial review was aimed at deliberating benign mimickers of breast carcinoma on MRI and trying to call attention to the overlapping and distinctive features.

Alpha-Fetoprotein (Afp) And Afp-L3 Is Most Useful In Detection Of Recurrence Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Patients After Tumor Ablation And With Low Afp Level, Madison Force, Grace Park, Divya Chalikonda, Christopher G. Roth, Micah Cohen, Dina Halegoua-De Marzio, Hie-Won Hann

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While there are many risk factors for HCC including alcohol, obesity, and diabetes, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection still account for the majority of HCC worldwide. Globally, HBV is the leading risk factor for HCC. Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and advanced liver disease are at high risk for HCC. Screening for HCC is done routinely with ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) at six-month intervals. The combination of ultrasound and AFP has been …

Making Waves: How Ultrasound-Targeted Drug Delivery Is Changing Pharmaceutical Approaches., Lauren J Delaney, Selin Isguven, John R Eisenbrey, Noreen J Hickok, Flemming Forsberg

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Administration of drugs through oral and intravenous routes is a mainstay of modern medicine, but this approach suffers from limitations associated with off-target side effects and narrow therapeutic windows. It is often apparent that a controlled delivery of drugs, either localized to a specific site or during a specific time, can increase efficacy and bypass problems with systemic toxicity and insufficient local availability. To overcome some of these issues, local delivery systems have been devised, but most are still restricted in terms of elution kinetics, duration, and temporal control. Ultrasound-targeted drug delivery offers a powerful approach to increase delivery, therapeutic …

Mcph1: A Novel Case Report And A Review Of The Literature, Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi, Marzia Pollazzon, Muhammad Farooq, Ambrin Fatima, Lars Allan Larsen, Roberta Zuntini, Manuela Napoli, Livia Garavelli

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Microcephaly primary hereditary (MCPH) is a congenital disease characterized by nonsyndromic reduction in brain size due to impaired neurogenesis, often associated with a variable degree of intellectual disability (ID). The genetic etiology of MCPH is heterogeneous and comprises more than 20 loci, nearly all following a recessive inheritance pattern. The first causative gene identified, MCPH1 or Microcephalin, encodes a centrosomal protein that modulates chromosome condensation and cell cycle progression. It is also involved in DNA damage response and telomere maintenance in the nucleus. Despite numerous studies on MCPH1 function, MCPH1-affected individuals are rare and the available clinical reports are …

18 Fdg Pet/Ct Imaging In Carcinoma Cesophagus, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Nosheen Fatima

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Virtual Meetings During Covid-19 Pandemic: Is It Time To Say Goodbye To Physical Meetings?, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Nosheen Fatima

Department of Radiology

Abstract are not provided by the author/publisher

Pre And Postnatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Ventriculomegaly, Ryan Kelsch, Megan Moore, Anant Krishnan

Posters

Purpose or Case Report: The purpose of this research was to analyze our institution’s large database of fetal magnetic resonance (MR) for cases of ventriculomegaly in order to understand trends in pre and postnatal MR.
Methods & Materials: In this retrospective study, 316 individual fetal MR exams from the past 10 years at our institution were reviewed. Of those, 86 patients had fetal MRs with findings of either ventriculomegaly or an ordering indication of ventriculomegaly. Our inclusion criteria of a diagnosis of ventriculomegaly (lateral ventricle measured at the trigone on coronal imaging of over 10mm) on fetal MR with a …

Identifying The 'Vulnerable Plaque' In Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease Patients, Zia Ur Rehman

Department of Surgery Docs

No abstract provided.

Predictive Radiation Oncology - A New Nci-Doe Scientific Space And Community, Jeffrey C Buchsbaum, David A Jaffray, Demba Ba, Lynn L Borkon, Christine Chalk, Caroline Chung, Matthew A Coleman, C Norman Coleman, Maximilian Diehn, Kelvin K Droegemeier, Heiko Enderling, Michael G Espey, Emily J Greenspan, Christopher M Hartshorn, Thuc Hoang, H Timothy Hsiao, Cynthia Keppel, Nathan W Moore, Fred Prior, Eric A Stahlberg, Georgia Tourassi, Karen E Willcox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With a widely attended virtual kickoff event on January 29, 2021, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Department of Energy (DOE) launched a series of 4 interactive, interdisciplinary workshops-and a final concluding "World Café" on March 29, 2021-focused on advancing computational approaches for predictive oncology in the clinical and research domains of radiation oncology. These events reflect 3,870 human hours of virtual engagement with representation from 8 DOE national laboratories and the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNL), 4 research institutes, 5 cancer centers, 17 medical schools and teaching hospitals, 5 companies, 5 federal agencies, 3 research centers, …

Development And Validation Of Standard And Real Patient Gallstone Library Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, Lena Jafri, Muhammad Abbas Abid, Humera Asif, Syed Bilal Hashmi, Hafsa Majid, Farooq Ghani, Sibtain Ahmed, Imran Siddiqui, Aysha Habib

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Analysis of the constituents of gallstones using various spectroscopic techniques assists in identification of the pathogenesis of gallstones. In the current study, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, a Gallstone Standard Library (GSL) and a Gallstone Real Patients' Library (GRPL) were developed and validated for gallstone composition analysis.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Pure standards (cholesterol, calcium carbonate, bilirubin and bile salts) and gallstone specimens were analyzed using FTIR Nicolet iS-5 Spectrometer from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Thermo Scientific™ QCheck™ algorithm, embedded within the OMNIC™ software, was …