Pulmonology Commons^™

Systemic Air Embolism Associated With Pleural Pigtail Chest Tube Insertion, Emad Alkhankan, Ahmad R. Nusair, Rida S. Mazagri, Mohammed Al-Ourani

Internal Medicine

Pleural pigtail catheter placement is associated with many complications including pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and chest pain. Air embolism is a known but rare complication of pleural pigtail catheter insertion and has a high risk of occurrence with positive pressure ventilation. In this case report, we present a 50-year-old male with bilateral pneumonia who developed a pneumothorax while on mechanical ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure mode .During the placement of the pleural pigtail catheter to correct the pneumothorax, the patient developed a sudden left sided body weakness and became unresponsive. An air embolism was identified in the right main cerebral artery, …

Tobacco Control Laws In Pakistan And Their Implementation: A Pilot Study In Karachi, Javaid Ahmed Khan, Abdul Malik Amir Humza Sohail, Muhammad Arslan Arif Maan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Objective: In order to limit the high prevalence of tobacco use in Pakistan various tobacco control laws have been implemented. The objective of this study is to serve as a pilot study to assess the implementation of these laws in the largest city of Pakistan, Karachi.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi. The implementation of tobacco control laws in 'smoke-free' places, the adherence of tobacco companies to these laws, the regulation of cigarette sale, and the awareness and views of the general public regarding tobacco control laws were assessed via direct observation by visits and through self-administered …

Tobacco Cessation Treatment: Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Physician In Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Irfan, Minaz Mawani, Zeeshan Waheed, Ahmed Suleman Haque, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is a public health problem leading to substantial morbidity and mortality with around 80% of the deaths occurring in developing countries. Physician intervention has been shown to increase cessation rates. The study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians in tobacco cessation treatment in Karachi Pakistan.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out between June to December 2013. All practicing physicians from Karachi were recruited. Survey questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected physicians after obtaining their consent. The study was approved by ethics review committee of The Aga Khan University Hospital.

Results: A …

Bomb Blast And Its Consequences: Successful Intensive Care Management Of Massive Pulmonary Embolsim., Faisal Shamim, Muhammad Rizwan, Adil Aziz

Department of Medicine

A suicide bomb blast in 2013 at a distant city of Pakistan killed 84 and wounded more than 150 people. Some patients were transferred to our tertiary care hospital because of extreme load on medical services there. This patient arrived at the Aga Khan Hospital, 2 days after the bomb blast injury and underwent an orthopedic procedure. Next day, he developed sudden tachypnea, desaturation, and circulatory collapse. After initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation, he was immediately transferred to surgical intensive care unit. Based on history, echocardiography findings and patient parameters, a clinical diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism was made and immediate thrombolytic …

Esophageal Diagnosis Of A Malignant Aspergilloma, Muneer Al Zoby, Nancy Munn,, Yousef Shweihat

Internal Medicine

A 59-year-old male patient developed a new 4 cm × 6 cm cavitary left upper lung lesion over a 2 months period. The patient had a prior history of a surgically resected Stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in the right upper lobe 3 years prior. He was treated for possible infection with radiographic improvement on subsequent imaging. Further imaging after 3 months revealed an oval soft tissue density within the cavity with air crescent sign. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies showed an acute and chronic granulomatous inflammation. Aspergillus fumigatus was noted on culture and voriconazole was initiated. Subsequent imaging showed …

Diffusion Modeling And Device Development For Peritoneal Membrane Oxygenation, Liana Hatoum

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary disease that causes hypoxemia and respiratory failure. The mortality rate for ARDS ranges between 27% and 45%. Current treatments including mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are often associated with high risk complications including barotrauma, infection, thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Alternative pulmonary support techniques are needed to improve the survival rate of patients suffering from ARDS. Previous studies introducing pure O₂ gas, perfluorocarbons and red blood cells into the intraperitoneal (IP) cavity have reported no effect or only a mild increase in oxygenation. Here we report peritoneal membrane oxygenation (PMO) using …

A 22-Year-Old Man With Pleural Tuberculosis Associated Hydropneumothorax: Case Report And Literature Review., Lauren A Sharan, Thea Price, Md, Boyd Hehn, David Manoff, Md, Scott W. Cowan, Md

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

A 22-year-old Asian male presented with fever, non-productive cough, right-sided pleuritic chest pain and was found to have a large right hydropneumothorax. A chest tube was placed. Pleural fluid analysis revealed a lymphocytic predominant exudate and he was subsequently started on four-drug daily anti-tuberculosis therapy (isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, pyrazinamide). Pleural biopsy revealed acid-fast bacilli. Given his persistent pleural effusion, he was given four doses of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and dornase alpha (DNase) via his chest tube over a period of 6 days resulting in clinical and radiologic improvement. Pleural biopsy and pleural fluid culture specimens later revealed Mycobacterium …

An Evaluation Of Patient Surveys To Determine Possible Causes Of Hospital Readmissions, Monica Weinberg Ms, Matthew Mccambridge Md

USF-LVHN SELECT

No abstract provided.

Introducing Cognitive Errors To Medical Students, William Reed Shimberg Ms, Matthew Mccambridge Md

USF-LVHN SELECT

No abstract provided.

Sepsis Management: An Evidence-Based Approach., Muhammad Akbar Baig, Hira Shahzad, Bushra Jamil, Erfan Hussain

Department of Medicine

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines have outlined an early goal directed therapy (EGDT) which demonstrates a standardized approach to ensure prompt and effective management of sepsis. Having said that, there are barriers associated with the application of evidence-based practice, which often lead to an overall poorer adherence to guidelines. Considering the global burden of disease, data from low- to middle-income countries is scarce. Asia is the largest continent but most Asian countries do not have a well-developed healthcare system and compliance rates to resuscitation and management bundles are as low as 7.6% and 3.5%, respectively. Intensive care units are …

Development Of A Spirometry T-Score In The General Population, Sei Won Lee, Hyun Kuk Kim, Seunghee Baek, Ji-Ye Jung, Young Sam Kim, Jae Seung Lee, Sang-Do Lee, David M. Mannino, Yeon-Mok Oh

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background and objective: Spirometry values may be expressed as T-scores in standard deviation units relative to a reference in a young, normal population as an analogy to the T-score for bone mineral density. This study was performed to develop the spirometry T-score.

Methods: T-scores were calculated from lambda-mu-sigma-derived Z-scores using a young, normal age reference. Three outcomes of all-cause death, respiratory death, and COPD death were evaluated in 9,101 US subjects followed for 10 years; an outcome of COPD-related health care utilization (COPD utilization) was evaluated in 1,894 Korean subjects followed for 4 years.

Results: The …

Molecular Evolution And Intraclade Recombination Of Enterovirus D68 During The 2014 Outbreak In The United States., Yi Tan, Ferdaus Hassan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Ari Simenauer, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Rebecca A. Halpin, Xudong Lin, Nadia Fedorova, Timothy B. Stockwell, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, James D. Chappell, Tina V. Hartert, Edward C. Holmes, Suman R. Das

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In August 2014, an outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) occurred in North America, causing severe respiratory disease in children. Due to a lack of complete genome sequence data, there is only a limited understanding of the molecular evolution and epidemiology of EV-D68 during this outbreak, and it is uncertain whether the differing clinical manifestations of EV-D68 infection are associated with specific viral lineages. We developed a high-throughput complete genome sequencing pipeline for EV-D68 that produced a total of 59 complete genomes from respiratory samples with a 95% success rate, including 57 genomes from Kansas City, MO, collected during the 2014 …

Drug Eluding Stents For Malignant Airway Obstruction: A Critical Review Of The Literature, Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt, Paul Zarogoulidis, Georgia Pitsiou, Bernd Linsmeier, Drosos Tsavlis, Ioannis Kioumis, Eleni Papadaki, Lutz Freitag, Theodora Tsiouda, J. Francis Turner, Robert Browning, Michael Simoff, Nikolaos Sachpekidis, Kosmas Tsakiridis, Bojan Zaric, Lonny Yarmus, Sofia Baka, Grigoris Stratakos, Harald Rittger

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Lung cancer being the most prevalent malignancy in men and the 3rd most frequent in women is still associated with dismal prognosis due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Novel targeted therapies are already on the market and several others are under investigation. However non-specific cytotoxic agents still remain the cornerstone of treatment for many patients. Central airways stenosis or obstruction may often complicate and decrease quality of life and survival of these patients. Interventional pulmonology modalities (mainly debulking and stent placement) can alleviate symptoms related to airways stenosis and improve the quality of life of patients. Mitomycin …

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Current Review Of Pharmacological Management, S. Sahni, M. Ojrzanowski, S. Majewski, A. Talwar

Journal Articles

Pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) is a rare and devastating disease characterized by progressive increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which eventually leads to right ventricular failure and death. At present there is no cure for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however over the past decade targeted pharmaceutical options have become available for the treatment of PAH. Prior to evaluation for therapeutic options a definitive diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension must be made via comprehensive physical exam and definitive diagnostic testing. Screening test of choice remains echocardiography and gold standard for definitive diagnosis is right heart catheterization. Once the establishment …

Two Cases Of Monoclonal Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis And Review Of The Literature, Kendal Endicott, Conor Hynes, Cindy M. Hsieh, Edina Paal, Gregory D. Trachiotis

Surgery Faculty Publications

Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis (NPA) is an uncommon pathology of insoluble protein depositing in pulmonary parenchyma. This localized pulmonary form of amyloidosis is most often found to contain combinations of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain and immunoglobulin heavy chain proteins with a polyclonal lymphoplasmacystic infiltrate. Herein we present two cases of NPA of the rarely reported monoclonal (light-chain restricted) form with review of the literature and discussion of the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of NPA.

Human Metapneumovirus Infection Is Associated With Severe Respiratory Disease In Preschool Children With History Of Prematurity., Krishna Pancham, Iman Sami, Geovanny F. Perez, Shehlanoor Huseni, Bassem Kurdi, Mary C. Rose, Carlos E. Rodriguez-Martinez, Gustavo Nino

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen of the family Paramyxoviridae, the same family as that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Premature children are at high risk of severe RSV infections, however, it is unclear whether HMPV infection is more severe in hospitalized children with a history of severe prematurity.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical respiratory presentation of all polymerase chain reaction-confirmed HMPV infections in preschool-age children (≤5 years) with and without history of severe prematurity (<32 weeks gestation). Respiratory distress scores were developed to examine the clinical severity of HMPV infections. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from reviewing electronic medical records.

Results

A total of 571 preschool children were identified using polymerase chain reaction-confirmed viral respiratory tract …

Success Of Bubble Cpap In Treatment Of Respiratory Distress Syndrome In Preterm Infants, Tufail Soomro, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani

Community Health Sciences

Background: To observe the survival of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with bubble CPAP in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the NICU of Civil hospital Sukkur from 1st July 2013 to 18th August 2015. All consecutively born preterm neonates with gestational age between 27 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress are included in the study.These neonates were managed by Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) in combination with surfactant (bovine derivative) via intubation, Surfactant replacement, extubation (INSURE) protocol Success was considered …

Patient-Reported Variables Associated With The Success Of Behavioral Intervention For Patients With Chronic Cough, Bridget Loomis

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Purpose: To determine if patient-related variables exist that can potentially discriminate patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC) that are reasonable candidates for behavioral cough therapy (BCT). This study is a small sub-set of a larger, ongoing study, which aims to create and validate a screening tool that primary care physicians can use in order to refer patients early and appropriately for medical or behavioral intervention.

Methods: In this prospective, exploratory study, 20 adult participants, aged 29-68 years of age, answered a bank of questions developed by an expert panel, and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), before and after BCT. Questions …

Randomized Trial Of Late Surfactant Treatment In Ventilated Preterm Infants Receiving Inhaled Nitric Oxide., Roberta A. Ballard, Roberta L. Keller, Dennis M. Black, Philip L. Ballard, Jeffrey D. Merrill, Eric C. Eichenwald, William E Truog, Mark C. Mammel, Robin H. Steinhorn, Elizabeth E. Rogers, Rita M. Ryan, David J. Durand, Jeanette M. Asselin, Catherine M. Bendel, Ellen M. Bendel-Stenzel, Sherry E. Courtney, Ramasubbareddy Dhanireddy, Mark L. Hudak, Frances R. Koch, Dennis E. Mayock, Victor J. Mckay, T Michael O'Shea, Nicolas F. Porta, Rajan Wadhawan, Lisa Palermo, Tolsurf Study Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether late surfactant treatment in extremely low gestational age (GA) newborn infants requiring ventilation at 7-14 days, who often have surfactant deficiency and dysfunction, safely improves survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

STUDY DESIGN: Extremely low GA newborn infants (GA ≤28 0/7 weeks) who required mechanical ventilation at 7-14 days were enrolled in a randomized, masked controlled trial at 25 US centers. All infants received inhaled nitric oxide and either surfactant (calfactant/Infasurf) or sham instillation every 1-3 days to a maximum of 5 doses while intubated. The primary outcome was survival at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) without …

A Rare Cause Of Recurrent Wheeze And Seizures., Maryam Hassan,, Saher Quraeshi, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi

Department of Medicine

A 34-year-old woman presented with recurrent attacks of breathlessness and seizures. The patient's condition worsened during the course of her hospital stay, as a result of which she had to be intubated twice. Radiological studies showed a mass in the trachea and the subsequent biopsy of the mass revealed an infiltrating carcinoma with morphological features of adenoid cystic carcinoma.