Pediatrics Commons^™

Evaluation Of The Project P.A.T.H.S. Based On Students' Weekly Diaries: Findings From Eight Datasets, Daniel T. L. Shek, Rachel C. F. Sun

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (positive adolescent training through holistic social programmes) based on eight datasets collected between 2005 and 2009. A total of 1,138 students who participated in the program were randomly invited (from the whole grade or in some classes) to write a piece of journal in the form of a weekly diary in order to reveal their perceptions and feelings regarding the program and the perceived benefits of the program. Based on an integration of findings from different databases, results showed that the respondents generally (1) …

Evaluation Of A Positive Youth Development Program Based On The Repertory Grid Test, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The repertory grid test, based on personal construct psychology, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong. One hundred and four program participants (n = 104) were randomly invited to complete a repertory grid based on personal construct theory in order to provide both quantitative and qualitative data for measuring self-identity changes after joining the program. Findings generally showed that the participants perceived that they understood themselves better and had stronger resilience after joining the program. Participants also saw themselves as closer to their ideal selves and other positive …

Survival Motor Neuron Protein Deficiency Impairs Myotube Formation By Altering Myogenic Gene Expression And Focal Adhesion Dynamics, Katherine V. Bricceno, Tara Martinez, Evgenia Leikina, Stephanie Duguez, Terence A. Partridge, Leonid V. Chernomordik, Kenneth H. Fischbeck, Charlotte J. Sumner, Barrington G. Burnett

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

While spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by motor neuron degeneration, it is unclear whether and how much survival motor neuron (SMN) protein deficiency in muscle contributes to the pathophysiology of the disease. There is increasing evidence from patients and SMA model organisms that SMN deficiency causes intrinsic muscle defects. Here we investigated the role of SMN in muscle development using muscle cell lines and primary myoblasts. Formation of multinucleate myotubes by SMN-deficient muscle cells is inhibited at a stage preceding plasma membrane fusion. We found increased expression and reduced induction of key muscle development factors, such as MyoD and …

Qualitative Evaluation Of The Project P.A.T.H.S.: An Integration Of Findings Based On Program Implementers, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

An integration of the qualitative evaluation findings collected from program implementers conducting the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in different years (n = 177 participants in 36 focus groups) was carried out. General qualitative data analyses utilizing intra and interrater reliability techniques were performed. Results showed that the descriptors used to describe the program and the metaphors named by the informants that could stand for the program were generally positive in nature. Program participants also perceived the program to be beneficial to the development of the students in different psychosocial domains. The present study further supports …

Positive Youth Development Constructs: Conceptual Review And Application, Daniel T. L. Shek, Rachel C. F. Sun, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Self-Harm And Suicidal Behaviors In Hong Kong Adolescents: Prevalence And Psychosocial Correlates, Daniel T. L. Shek, Lu Yu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The present paper examined the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal behavior in a representative sample of 3,328 secondary school students in Hong Kong. With reference to the previous year, 32.7% of the students reported at least one form of DSH, 13.7% of the respondents had suicide thoughts, 4.9% devised specific suicidal plans, and 4.7% had actually attempted suicide. Adolescent girls had significantly higher rates of DSH and suicidal behavior than did adolescent boys. Having remarried parents was related to an increased likelihood of DSH and suicide. While high levels of family functioning, overall positive …

Malnutrition In Young Pakistani Children, Shela Akbar Ali Hirani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Pakistan is a developing country with the second highest infant and child mortality rate in South Asia. In this region, malnutrition underlies much of the high infant and under five child morbidity and mortality rates. Although struggle to tackle the issue of malnutrition among young Pakistani children has been going on since many decades, till yet a realistic solution for this growing problem has not been found.

Objective: This paper aims at reviewing literature to analyse the biological, maternal, socio-cultural, environmental, and politico-economical determinants of malnutrition among young children in Pakistan so that need based interventions can …

Evaluation Of The Training Program Of The Project P.A.T.H.S.: Findings Based On The Perspective Of The Participants From Different Cohorts, Daniel T. L. Shek, Yammy L. Y. Chak

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Subjective outcome evaluation findings based on the perspective of the participants participating in a 3-day training program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. are reported in this paper. The findings were based on the data collected from the training workshops conducted between 2005 and 2009 (N = 4.167). Results showed that the respondents had good and positive perceptions of the training program and found it very valuable, particularly with respect to training instructors and familiarization with the project. Besides, the training participants were able to acquire attitude, knowledge and skills that are conducive to the successful implementation of the program. Based on …

Subjective Outcome Evaluation And Factors Related To Perceived Effectiveness Of The Project P.A.T.H.S. In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek, Lu Yu, Vicky Y. T. Ho

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Based on a sample of 24,457 participated students, the present study investigated participants' subjective evaluation of the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in the 2009/2010 academic year. Participants generally held positive views toward the Tier 2 Program and program instructor and perceived the program to be beneficial to their development. Programs involving adolescents alone were evaluated more positively than programs involving parents and/or teachers. Students' grade and program type did not show significant impact on participants' subjective evaluation of the project. Consistent with previous reports, perceived effectiveness of the program was significantly predicted by students' perceptions about the …

The Project P.A.T.H.S. In Hong Kong--Lessons Learned And Implications For Positive Youth Development Programs, Daniel T. L. Shek, Rachel C. F. Sun

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The Project P.A.T.H.S. is a positive youth development program which attempts to promote holistic development of junior secondary schools in Hong Kong. It is ground breaking in terms of the number of schools participating in the project and financial resources injected into the project. Based on the experiences gained from the implementation of the project and evaluation data collected from 2005 to 2011, several issues pertinent to the development of positive youth development programs in the Chinese culture are discussed. These issues include complexity of program development, importance of training, identification of factors governing program implementation, need for evaluation, and …

Helping Adolescents With Greater Psychosocial Needs: Subjective Outcome Evaluation Based On Different Cohorts, Daniel T. L. Shek, Tak Yan Lee

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) is designed to help students with greater psychosocial needs. This paper examines nine sets of subjective outcome evaluation data collected from 2005 to 2009 (n = 60, 241 participants). Based on the consolidated data with schools as units, results showed that participants generally had positive perceptions of the program, implementers, and benefits of the program. The subjective outcome evaluation instrument was found to be internally consistent. Multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived qualities of the program and the program implementers predicted perceived effectiveness of the …

Biotinidase Deficiency In Pakistani Children; What Needs To Be Known And Done, Bushra Afroze, Mohammad Wasay

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Patient Safety In Developing Countries: Retrospective Estimation Of Scale And Nature Of Harm To Patients In Hospital, R. M. Wilson, P. Michel, S. Olsen, R. W. Gibberd, C. Vincent, R. El-Assady, O. Rasslan, S. Qsous, William Macharia, A. Sahel, S. Whittaker, M. Abdo-Ali, M. Letaief, N. A. Ahmed, A. Abdellatif, I. Larizgoitia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objective: To assess the frequency and nature of adverse events to patients in selected hospitals in developing or transitional economies.

Design: Retrospective medical record review of hospital admissions during 2005 in eight countries.

Setting: Ministries of Health of Egypt, Jordan, Kenya, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan, South Africa and Yemen; the World Health Organisation (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean and African Regions (EMRO and AFRO), and WHO Patient Safety.

Participants: Convenience sample of 26 hospitals from which 15 548 patient records were randomly sampled.

Main outcome measures: Two stage screening. Initial screening based on 18 explicit criteria. Records that screened positive were then reviewed …

Overlap Subtype Of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Is Associated With An Adverse Prognosis, Functional Impairment, And Inferior Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Consortium Study, Joseph Pidala, Georgia Vogelsang, Paul Martin, Xiaoyu Chai, Barry Storer, Steven Pavletic, Daniel Weisdorf, Madan Jagasia, Corey Cutler, Jeanne Palmer, David Jacobsohn, Sally Arai, Stephanie J. Lee

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference proposed the term “overlap” graft-versus-host disease to describe the situation when both acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease are present.

Design and Methods

We examined whether the overlap subtype of graft-versus-host disease was associated with a different prognosis, functional limitations, or patient-reported outcomes compared to “classic” chronic graft-versus-host disease without any acute features.

Results

Prospective data were collected from 427 patients from nine centers. Patients were classified as having overlap (n=352) or classic chronic (n=75) graft-versus-host disease based on reported organ involvement. Overlap …

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Inhibits Myocardial Tnf-Α Expression And Improves Cardiac Function During Endotoxemia, Ting Zhang, Xiangru Lu, Paul Arnold, Yin Liu, Reshma Baliga, Hong Huang, John Anthony Bauer, Yusen Liu, Qingping Feng

Paediatrics Publications

Aims: Myocardial tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression induces cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) pathway in myocardial TNF-α expression and cardiac function during endotoxemia. Methods and results: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased MKP1 expression in the myocardium in vivo and in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro. LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in the myocardium was prolonged in MKP1 -/- mice. Myocardial TNF-α mRNA and protein levels were enhanced in MKP1 -/- compared with wild-type (WT) mice in endotoxemia, leading to a further decrease in …

Advocate For Immunizations., Angela L. Myers

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Transcriptional Regulation Of N-Acetylglutamate Synthase, Sandra Kirsch Heibel, Giselle Yvette Lopez, Maria Panglao, Sonal Sodha, Leonardo Marino-Ramirez, Mendel Tuchman, Ljubica Caldovic

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The urea cycle converts toxic ammonia to urea within the liver of mammals. At least 6 enzymes are required for ureagenesis, which correlates with dietary protein intake. The transcription of urea cycle genes is, at least in part, regulated by glucocorticoid and glucagon hormone signaling pathways. N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) produces a unique cofactor, N-acetylglutamate (NAG), that is essential for the catalytic function of the first and rate-limiting enzyme of ureagenesis, carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1). However, despite the important role of NAGS in ammonia removal, little is known about the mechanisms of its regulation. We identified two regions of high …

Cd11d Antibody Treatment Improves Recovery In Spinal Cord-Injured Mice, Nicole M. Geremia, Feng Bao, Trina E. Rosenzweig, Todd Hryciw, Lynne Weaver, Gregory A. Dekaban, Arthur Brown

Paediatrics Publications

Acute administration of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against the CD11d subunit of the leukocyte CD11d/CD18 integrin after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat greatly improves neurological outcomes. This has been chiefly attributed to the reduced infiltration of neutrophils into the injured spinal cord in treated rats. More recently, treating spinal cord-injured mice with a Ly-6G neutrophil-depleting antibody was demonstrated to impair neurological recovery. These disparate results could be due to different mechanisms of action utilized by the two antibodies, or due to differences in the inflammatory responses between mouse and rat that are triggered by SCI. To address …

A Method To Determine Regional Mechanical Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Based On High Temporal Resolution Short Axis Ssfp Cine Images, Jonathan Suever, Brandon K. Fornwalt, Michael Lloyd, John N. Oshinski

Pediatrics Presentations

Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony has been proposed as a parameter to select patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) [Bax et al JACC 2005].Several recent studies have shown that placing the LV pacing lead in the most delayed regions yields a better response to CRT [Ansalone et al JACC 2002]. However, most imaging-based methods assess global LV dyssynchrony providing a single value for the entire LV. Regional maps of LV dyssynchrony are required for planning LV lead placement.

The objective of this study was to develop a method to create a map of regional left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony based on …

Symptomatic Hypocalcemia During Urinary Alkalinization For Acute Aspirin Toxicity, Jennifer Flint, Bruce Banwart

Posters

A16y/o ingested 165 tablets of 325 mg ASA(1000 mg/kg). He presented to an outside facility 8 hours after ingestion alert with stable vital signs and ASA level 78 mg/dL. Initial lab values showed an arterial blood gas (ABG) pH 7.46, pCO2 26 mmHg, HCO3 18 mmol/L, ionized calcium 1.09 mmol/L, serum calcium 10 mg/dL, albumin 4.5 gm/dL, magnesium 2.1 mg/dL. Urinary alkalinization was initiated with a sodium bicarbonate infusion (NaHCO3) and he arrived to our facility 12 hours after ingestion with Kussmaul respirations and altered mentation. Repeat ASA 116mg/dL, ionized calcium 0.88 mmol/L and serum calcium 8.8 mg/dL. He became …