Pathology Commons^™

Morphologic And Endoscopic Evaluation Of Collagenous Gastritis, Annie Ashok, Ashlie L. Burkart, Md, Cm

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Collagenous gastritis (CG) is a rare gastrointestinal condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis characterized by the presence of a gastric subepithelial collagen band of variable thickness. While little is known about the disease, children and young adults often present with anemia, abdominal pain, and nodular gastric mucosa on endoscopy. In contrast, adults often present with chronic watery diarrhea and normal gastric mucosa on endoscopy. Disease associations (usually in adult cases) include celiac disease, collagenous colitis, collagenous sprue, and lymphocytic colitis. This study aims to further characterize the clinical, endoscopic and morphologic spectrum of CG.

Thoracic Dissecting Aneurysm And The Importance Of Genetics, Dan Kramer, Ba, Anthony Prestipino, M.D.

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Patient Presentation

• 28 year old white male with a past medical history significant for untreated hypertension
• Presents with 3 day history of chest discomfort, lower extremity weakness, bowel and bladder dysfunction, near-syncopal episodes
• Absent pulse in right femoral artery, weak pulse in left femoral artery
• Echosonography showed acute Type A dissecting aortic aneurysm
• Treatment

Immediately taken to surgery for repair of aorta with a graft and replacement of the aortic valve

• Outcome

Unstable after surgery

Biventricular heart failure

Persistent bleeding into mediastinum due to DIC

Required massive transfusion of RBCs, FFP, Cryoprecipitate, and Platelets

Became anuric and acidotic

Became fluid …

Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (Dipnech) To Carcinoid: Exploring The Link, Jacob D. Mcfadden Msii, Jeffrey P. Baliff Md

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Neuroendocrine cells (NECs) play important roles in normal lung development, autonomic regulation of lung function, and response to hypoxia or injury. They are located between the respiratory epithelium and the basement membrane of bronchi and bronchioles (below), often as single cells or small clusters.

NEC proliferation is a common pathologic occurrence, well established as a reactive response to chronic lung injury. Much less commonly, NEC proliferation is observed in the absence of apparent inciting factors. This neoplastic phenomenon is termed “diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia” (DIPNECH).

DIPNECH is recognized as a precursor lesion for carcinoid tumors. While the progression …

Correlations Between Gene Amplification And Protein Expression Of Topoisomerase 2a (Top2a) In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung, Anita Modi, Msii, Charalambos C. Solomides, Md

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Background: While DNA topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A) plays an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity of the double helix during replication and recombination, excessive expression of this enzyme may promote malignant cell transformations. In fact, increased levels of TOP2A have been observed in various cancer cell lines including squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. This study sought to identify correlations between genotypic and phenotypic evidence of TOP2A obtained via in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques.

Methods Tissue microarrays created from 29 samples of Stage I Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the lung were stained with VENTANA BenchMark ULTRA platform …

Temporal Lobe Ganglioglioma In An Epilepsy Patient With Worsening Seizures: Case Study And Future Directions, Adam M. Olszewski, Mark Curtis, Md Phd.

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Gangliogliomas are rare brain tumors that have both neuronal and glial components. They hold a better prognosis than other infiltrative glial tumors, but differentiating between them can be challenging. While molecular markers are being studied, it is currently a histologic diagnosis.

In this case, the patient presented with epilepsy and worsening seizures secondary to a medial temporal lobe mass. Radiology report was inconclusive. Surgical resection was achieved and based on histologic examination the lesion was diagnosed as ganglioglioma, WHO grade I.

In this patient, pathological diagnosis of ganglioglioma offers a favorable prognosis and low risk of recurrence. In the future, …

An Unexpected Immunohistochemical Profile In An Ovarian Lesion, Kate Fritton, Joanna Chan, Md

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

A 27 year old female presented with pelvic pain and a palpable pelvic mass. Upon histological examination, the cystic mass contained a multi-cellular lining with nuclear grooves. Negative inhibin staining ruled out a follicular cyst and granulosa cell tumor while pan-cytokeratin positivity suggested an epithelial lesion. The lesion stained positive for thrombomodulin, ultimately suggesting a diagnosis of a Brenner cell tumor, although CD56 positivity in the tumor questions the known immunohistochemical profile of Brenner cell tumors. This unusual result opens the door to future research into the role CD56 in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms.

Myeloid Sarcoma: Extramedullary Relapse After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant For Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Maria Gubbiotti, Alina Dulau Florea, Md, Renu Bajaj, Phd

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary tumor of myeloid precursor cells, which can precede or occur concomitantly with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although MS can involve any organ, it is more common in the central nervous system (CNS) and gonads, sites known as “pharmacologic sanctuaries” where leukemic cells can survive despite systemic chemotherapy. Less often, this tumor can be the manner of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

The diagnosis is based on morphology and immunophenotype by either flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissue, and confirmed by FISH or molecular studies. Myeloid sarcomas usually express …

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma In Unusual Locations – Differential Diagnosis Difficulties, Heather A. Mcmahon, B.S., Madalina Tuluc, Md

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant salivary gland tumor, representing 1% of all malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region and 22% of all salivary gland malignancies. Although in the majority of cases ACC manifests in the major salivary glands, in rare instances it can be found in locations such as the esophagus, larynx, trachea, lacrimal gland, breast, prostate, lungs, or auditory canal. These unusual locations of ACC often pose a diagnostic challenge to the clinician and are associated with poorer outcomes for patients as compared to those ACC of a more typical presentation. In this study …

Ocular Manifestations Of Rosai-Dorfman Disease, Phoebe L. Mellen, B.S., Ralph C. Eagle Jr., M.D.

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

History of Rosai-Dorfman Disease

In 1969, Dr. Juan Rosai and Dr. Ronald F. Dorfman reported four cases of an entity that previously had puzzled pathologists and clinicians. The four cases had failed to fit under any diagnosis, but shared a few common characteristics. Each patient presented with painless, massive lymphadenopathy, most commonly of the cervical lymph nodes¹. Other locations included the inguinal, intra-parotid, and axillary lymph nodes. The patients all presented with fever and leukocytosis¹. The differential diagnosis included malignant lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, reticuloendotheliosis, and chronic inflammation. However, the histopathological characteristics of the cases did not …

Diagnostic Yield Of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (Ebus-Fna) In Lung Cancer Staging, Subtyping And Diagnosis Of Unexplained Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy, Rino Sato, Rossitza Draganova-Tacheva, Md

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

INTRODUCTION

• Lung cancer (LC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the most frequent cause of cancer death in both men and women in the US (more deaths than the next three most common cancers combined)¹
• Clinical staging of LC is an integral part of patient care because it directs therapy and has prognostic value

Patients are routinely investigated with a conventional workup (medical history, PE, lab tests, bronchoscopy), CT and integrated whole-body PET-CT, followed by mediastinal tissue staging for enlarged or PET-positive intrathoracic nodes²

• Mediastinal tissue staging has been classically performed by mediastinoscopy, but they can …

Melanocytoma Of The Cerebellopontine Angle, Pranay Soni, M.D, Lawrence C. Kenyon, Md, Phd

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Ms. M.G. is a 46-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and prior bilateral laser eye surgery. In 2009, she presented with vertigo, tinnitus, and decreased hearing in the left ear. An MRI scan revealed an enhancing mass in the posterior fossa that was thought to be an acoustic neuroma. In May of 2009, she underwent gamma-knife radiotherapy for the 2.7 cm mass.

In September of 2012, M.G. noted progressive change in her voice quality as well as a swallowing disturbance and left facial spasms. A subsequent MRI showed significant enlargement of the tumor to a maximal size of 3.7 …

To Re-Excise Or Not To Re-Excise: Positive Margins After Excision Of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers, Ramon Garza, Iii Md, Courtney Edwards Md, Bharat Ranganath Md, Nathan F. Miller Bs, Joshua M. Adkinson Md, Kirsten S. Bellucci Md, Robert X. Murphy Jr, Md, Ms

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Flash4 Dark Reference Images, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Hamamatsu FLASH4.0 dark reference images, acquired with 10 second exposure times, no light to camera. Camera offset (set by Hamamatsu( is ~100 (the average intensity of the first image is always ~1 intensity level higher - an odd feature, but trivial in practice for a 16-bit camera).

George McNamara, Ph.D.

Single Cells Analyst at L.J.N. Cooper Lab

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Human Synaptic Plasticity Gene Expression Profile And Dendritic Spine Density Changes In Hiv-Infected Human Cns Cells: Role In Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (Hand), Venakata Subba Rao Alturi, Sudheesh P. Kanthikeel, Pichili V.B. Reddy, Adriana Yndart, Madhavan P.N. Nair

HWCOM Faculty Publications

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is characterized by development of cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities, and occur in approximately 50% of HIV infected individuals. Our current understanding of HAND emanates mainly from HIV-1 subtype B (clade B), which is prevalent in USA and Western countries. However very little information is available on neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 subtype C (clade C) that exists in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Therefore, studies to identify specific neuropathogenic mechanisms associated with HAND are worth pursuing to dissect the mechanisms underlying this modulation and to prevent HAND particularly in clade B infection. In this study, we have investigated …

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns In Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates In A Private Tertiary Hospital, Kenya, Daniel Maina, Paul Makau, Andrew Nyerere, Gunturu Revathi

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae have become widespread in hospitals and are increasing in community settings where they cause a variety of infections. In addition to hydrolyzing most beta-lactam agents, bacteria harboring these enzymes display resistance to other unrelated antimicrobial agents and thus often pose a therapeutic dilemma. Though these resistance patterns have been studied elsewhere within Africa, such data from hospitals in Kenya are scanty. We therefore undertook to determine these patterns at the Aga Khan University hospital by studying multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients' samples.

Findings: A total of 159 isolates (109 …

Frequency Of Precancerous Lesions In Endoscopic Gastric Biopsies In Chronic Gastritis, Saroona Haroon, Naveen Faridi, Faisal Rashid Lodhi, Shafaq Mujtaba

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:
To determine the frequency of precancerous lesions in endoscopic gastric biopsies of patients with chronic gastritis.STUDY Design: A case series.
Place and duration of study:
Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from July 2008 to January 2009.METHODOLOGY: Over 6 months, 375 endoscopic gastric biopsies of patients with age group of 15-65 years having endoscopic chronic gastritis were included. From final biopsy report, basic information like patient demographics and presence of precancerous lesions i.e. activity (chronic active gastritis), atrophy (atrophic gastritis), intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were recorded on proforma. Results were described as proportions and frequency.
Results:
The frequency …

Lps And Pan-Induced Podocyte Injury In An In Vitro Model Of Minimal Change Disease: Changes In Tlr Profile., Tarak Srivastava, Mukut Sharma, Kok-Hooi Yew, Ram Sharma, R Scott Duncan, Moin A. Saleem, Ellen T. Mccarthy, Alexander Kats, Patricia A. Cudmore, Uri S. Alon, Christopher J. Harrison

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Minimal change disease (MCD), the most common idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children, is characterized by proteinuria and loss of glomerular visceral epithelial cell (podocyte) ultrastructure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) are used to study podocyte injury in models of MCD in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that LPS and PAN influence components of the innate immune system in podocytes such as the Toll-Like Receptor (TLRs), TLR adapter molecules, and associated cytokines. Our results show that cultured human podocytes constitutively express TLRs 1-6 and TLR-10, but not TLRs 7-9. LPS (25 μg/ml) or PAN (60 μg/ml) caused comparable derangement …

Video Codec Performance (Excel Spreadsheet), George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Video codec performance (Excel spreadsheet). Movie was made in 2005-2006 when I worked at City of Hope National Medical Center. VTLF refers to Video Timelapse Light Facility. Videos were outputted from MetaMorph as AVI files. Personally, I always recommend uncompressed video files fro scientific uses. I also encourage posting the original scientific data format (ex. .lsm, .zvi, .lif, .stk).

Pubspectra Tattletales, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Tattletales for Multiplex Fluorescent Reporters in Single Cells for Metabolomics

George McNamara

As of April 2013: L.J.N. Cooper & D.A. Lee Cellular Immunotherapy Lab, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

Email: gtmcnamara@mdanderson.org, geomcnamara@earthlink.net

Tattletales is my concept for spatial multiplexing many fluorescent protein (FP) biosensors in the same live cell. For example, there are excellent FP biosensors to Ca++ ions, pH, glucose, ribose, glutamine, glutamate, ATP, redox, ROS, pyruvate, cAMP, cGMP, IP3, PI(3,4,5)P3, cell cycle indicators (Fucci2), PKA, PKC, photsphatases, caspase(s) [1, 2]. However, these are typically used one biosensor per experiment, due in part to flooding …

A Genetic Resource For Rapid And Comprehensive Phenotype Screening Of Nonessential Staphylococcus Aureus Genes., Paul D. Fey, Jennifer L. Endres, Vijaya Kumar Yajjala, Todd J. Widhelm, Robert J. Boissy, Jeffrey L. Bose, Kenneth W. Bayles

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

UNLABELLED: To enhance the research capabilities of investigators interested in Staphylococcus aureus, the Nebraska Center for Staphylococcal Research (CSR) has generated a sequence-defined transposon mutant library consisting of 1,952 strains, each containing a single mutation within a nonessential gene of the epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) isolate USA300. To demonstrate the utility of this library for large-scale screening of phenotypic alterations, we spotted the library on indicator plates to assess hemolytic potential, protease production, pigmentation, and mannitol utilization. As expected, we identified many genes known to function in these processes, thus validating the utility of this approach. Importantly, we …