Etiologies Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among Adult Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Institution In Nairobi,
2020
Aga Khan University
Etiologies Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among Adult Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Institution In Nairobi, Mary Achakolong
Master of Medicine in Anatomic Pathology
Background: Lower respiratory tract infections continue to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality across all age groups globally. Viral pathogens in isolation or as co-infections are an important cause of pneumonia and associated with several life threatening syndromes that warrant appropriate and timely lifesaving diagnosis. Many viral respiratory infections demonstrate substantial regional and seasonal variations which are poorly understood. In addition, there are very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa that have examined the role of viruses as causes of community acquired pneumonia. The availability of molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR that are much more sensitive than traditional methods and …
Tick-Borne Infections In New Hampshire: An Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Process In A Local Patient Population,
2020
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Tick-Borne Infections In New Hampshire: An Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Process In A Local Patient Population, Katherine Anderson
Honors Theses and Capstones
Overall, approximately 95 percent of reported cases of vector-borne disease were associated with ticks, making these the most medically important group of arthropods in the United States.1 Despite the prevalence of tick-borne infections, the process for the diagnosis of this condition is not well studied. This study aims to analyze data from a pool of 100 patients who underwent testing for tick-borne disease in the same institution in Dover, New Hampshire during the most recent peak tick season of 2019. Information utilized in this study included: patient age, sex, location of testing (inpatient versus outpatient), diagnostic testing methods used …
Kidney Stone Analysis And Spiritual Guides (Pir Faqir): The Known-Unknowns,
2020
Aga Khan University
Kidney Stone Analysis And Spiritual Guides (Pir Faqir): The Known-Unknowns, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib Khan, Humaira Asif
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Hormonal Regulation Of Glycine Decarboxylase And Its Metabolic Outcomes,
2020
Wayne State University
Hormonal Regulation Of Glycine Decarboxylase And Its Metabolic Outcomes, Ruta Milind Jog
Wayne State University Dissertations
The amino acid glycine is involved in generation of multiple critical metabolites including glutathione, heme, and creatinine. Interestingly, in both humans and rodents, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system is the predominant glycine degradation pathway in humans. The rate-limiting enzyme of glycine cleavage system is glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), and loss-of-function mutations of GLDC cause hyperglycinemia. Here, we show that GLDC gene expression is upregulated in livers of mouse models of diabetes and diet-induced obesity as well as in the fasted state in normal animals. …
Von Willebrand Disease Among Women Of African Descent Attending The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, With Menorrhagia,
2020
Aga Khan University
Von Willebrand Disease Among Women Of African Descent Attending The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, With Menorrhagia, Angela Nabutilu Munoko
Master of Medicine in Clinical Pathology
Introduction: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common heritable bleeding disorder with equal prevalence reported across the races. Women are more likely to present with excessive bleeding due to menstruation and child bearing. Studies have found that 5-24% of women presenting with menorrhagia have VWD. Women of African descent are under-represented in studies carried out on Von Willebrand disease and lower prevalence has been reported in this population. VWD has variable penetrance and racial differences in genetic mutations may influence presentation and disease severity. It was predicted that the standardization of the study conditions (case definition of menorrhagia, use …
Tlr2 And Caspase-1 Signaling Are Critical For Bacterial Containment But Not Clearance During Craniotomy-Associated Biofilm Infection,
2020
Moffitt Cancer Center
Tlr2 And Caspase-1 Signaling Are Critical For Bacterial Containment But Not Clearance During Craniotomy-Associated Biofilm Infection, Amy L. Aldrich, Cortney E. Heim, Wen Shi, Rachel W. Fallet, Bin Duan, Tammy Kielian
Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology
BACKGROUND: A craniotomy is required to access the brain for tumor resection or epilepsy treatment, and despite precautionary measures, infectious complications occur at a frequency of 1-3%. Approximately half of craniotomy infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that forms a biofilm on the bone flap, which is recalcitrant to antibiotics. Our prior work in a mouse model of S. aureus craniotomy infection revealed a critical role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in bacterial containment and pro-inflammatory mediator production. Since numerous receptors utilize MyD88 as a signaling adaptor, the current study examined the importance of Toll-like receptor 2 …
Kidney Stone Analysis And Spiritual Guides (Pir Faqir): The Known-Unknowns,
2020
Aga Khan University
Kidney Stone Analysis And Spiritual Guides (Pir Faqir): The Known-Unknowns, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib Khan, Humaira Asif
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Glycogen Storage Diseases-Time To Flip The Outdated Diagnostic Approach Centered On Liver Biopsy With The Molecular Testing,
2020
Aga Khan University
Glycogen Storage Diseases-Time To Flip The Outdated Diagnostic Approach Centered On Liver Biopsy With The Molecular Testing, Sibtain Ahmed, Bushra Afroze
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
The glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that result from a defect in any one of several enzymes required for either glycogen synthesis or glycogen degradation. The traditional diagnostic approach is based on the invasive hepatic or muscle biopsies, which are neither cost effective nor convenient. Molecular (gene testing) has emerged over the course of past few years as a robust alternative diagnostic tool, which not only confirms the diagnosis of GSDs but also clearly differentiates the types of GSDs allowing the initiation of the type-specific appropriate treatment for the particular type of GSDs. The …
Use Of Pefloxacin As A Surrogate Marker To Detect Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility In Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Typhi And Paratyphi A,
2020
Aga Khan University
Use Of Pefloxacin As A Surrogate Marker To Detect Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility In Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Typhi And Paratyphi A, Safia Moin, Mohammad Zeeshan, Sidra Laiq, Ahmed Raheem, Afia Zafar
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: To determine the use of pefloxacin as a surrogate marker to detect fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) susceptibility against Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A.
Methods: The prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2016 to March 2018, and comprised Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates of blood cultures. Disk susceptibility tests and broth microdilution to test minimum inhibitory concentration were performed as per standard guidelines. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 138 isolates, 91(66%) were intermediate resistant to ciprofloxacin but were resistant to pefloxacin, 42(30%) were resistant to both …
Acute Mesenteric Thrombosis: A Hematologist Perspective,
2020
Aga Khan University
Acute Mesenteric Thrombosis: A Hematologist Perspective, Bushra Moiz, Zaid Muslim, Zahraa Farrukh Siddiqui, Hasnain Zafar
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Is It T3 Thyrotoxicosis? A Case Of Falsely Elevated Tri-Iodothyronine (T3) Levels Leading To A Diagnosis Of Multiple Myeloma,
2019
Aga Khan University
Is It T3 Thyrotoxicosis? A Case Of Falsely Elevated Tri-Iodothyronine (T3) Levels Leading To A Diagnosis Of Multiple Myeloma, Nanik Ram, Saira Furqan, Sibtain Ahmed
Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism
We are presenting a case of falsely elevated T3 levels in a patient due to interference from monoclonal immunoglobulins. A 56-year-old, clinically euthyroid man referred to the endocrinology clinic of the Aga Khan university, Karachi Pakistan, for possible T3 thyrotoxicosis after thyroid function tests revealed total T3 >12.32 nmol/L (reference range 0.6-2.79), normal TSH, and total T4 level. There was a mismatch in clinical and laboratory parameters and preliminary laboratory results were suggestive of thyroid binding globulin abnormalities. Further evaluation in this context unmasked multiple myeloma. The presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins can lead to assay interference and spurious results. To …
Pbrm1 Acts As A P53 Lysine-Acetylation Reader To Suppress Renal Tumor Growth.,
2019
Thomas Jefferson University
Pbrm1 Acts As A P53 Lysine-Acetylation Reader To Suppress Renal Tumor Growth., Weijia Cai, Liya Su, Lili Liao, Zongzhi Z Liu, Lauren Langbein, Essel Dulaimi, Joseph R Testa, Robert G Uzzo, Zhijiu Zhong, Wei Jiang, Qin Yan, Qing Zhang, Haifeng Yang
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
p53 acetylation is indispensable for its transcriptional activity and tumor suppressive function. However, the identity of reader protein(s) for p53 acetylation remains elusive. PBRM1, the second most highly mutated tumor suppressor gene in kidney cancer, encodes PBRM1. Here, we identify PBRM1 as a reader for p53 acetylation on lysine 382 (K382Ac) through its bromodomain 4 (BD4). Notably, mutations on key residues of BD4 disrupt recognition of p53 K382Ac. The mutation in BD4 also reduces p53 binding to promoters of target genes such as CDKN1A (p21). Consequently, the PBRM1 BD4 mutant fails to fully support p53 transcriptional activity and is defective …
A Community Of Care: Patterns Of Pathology And Trauma With A Focus On The Bioarchaeology Of Care At Carrier Mills, Il (10,000 – 1000 Bp),
2019
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
A Community Of Care: Patterns Of Pathology And Trauma With A Focus On The Bioarchaeology Of Care At Carrier Mills, Il (10,000 – 1000 Bp), Alecia Schrenk
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Illness and injury are universal human experiences which are endowed with cultural meaning. Bioarchaeology has only recently begun to engage with the socioeconomic impacts of illness, injury, impairment, and healthcare provisioning in the past. This study examines how the Middle Archaic (6000 – 300 BC) and Early Woodland (1000 – 200 BC) hunter-gatherer community of Carrier Mills, Illinois was affected by and managed the socioeconomic burdens of poor health. The data presented in this study used bioarchaeological analyses to reveal patterns of poor health and healthcare provisioning within the Carrier Mills community. Bioarchaeology is ideally situated for such investigations since …
Sarcoidosis Of The Mandibular Condyle: A Rare Disease That Can Mimic Malignancy,
2019
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Sarcoidosis Of The Mandibular Condyle: A Rare Disease That Can Mimic Malignancy, Chad Sloan, Ben Lacrosse, Lei Yu, Alexander Braun, Scott Lauer, Timothy Donovan, John Baker, Jason Untrauer
Graduate Medical Education Research Journal
Sarcoidosis can involve any of the organs, however intraosseous involvement is rare and ranges from 5 to 15%, with lesions of the mandible being even rarer – currently with few known cases reported. Intraosseous lesions involving the mandible have been noted to be asymptomatic or associated with chronic jaw pain. Additionally, mandibular involvement can present as a lytic bone lesion mimicking osseous malignancy. Chronic polyarthritis is commonly associated with the progression of sarcoidosis and intraosseous involvement has been considered a late-stage sequelae. We report a case of biopsy-proven sarcoidosis within the mandibular condyle in an asymptomatic 56-year-old Caucasian female who …
Multiple Mitochondrial Thioesterases Have Distinct Tissue And Substrate Specificity And Coa Regulation, Suggesting Unique Functional Roles.,
2019
Thomas Jefferson University
Multiple Mitochondrial Thioesterases Have Distinct Tissue And Substrate Specificity And Coa Regulation, Suggesting Unique Functional Roles., Carmen Bekeova, Lauren Anderson-Pullinger, Kevin Boye, Felix Boos, Yana Sharpadskaya, Johannes M Herrmann, Erin L. Seifert
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Acyl-CoA thioesterases (Acots) hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoA esters. Acots in the mitochondrial matrix are poised to mitigate β-oxidation overload and maintain CoA availability. Several Acots associate with mitochondria, but whether they all localize to the matrix, are redundant, or have different roles is unresolved. Here, we compared the suborganellar localization, activity, expression, and regulation among mitochondrial Acots (Acot2, -7, -9, and -13) in mitochondria from multiple mouse tissues and from a model of Acot2 depletion. Acot7, -9, and -13 localized to the matrix, joining Acot2 that was previously shown to localize there. Mitochondria from heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, and …
Image Restoration Using Automatic Damaged Regions Detection And Machine Learning-Based Inpainting Technique,
2019
Chapman University
Image Restoration Using Automatic Damaged Regions Detection And Machine Learning-Based Inpainting Technique, Chloe Martin-King
Computational and Data Sciences (PhD) Dissertations
In this dissertation we propose two novel image restoration schemes. The first pertains to automatic detection of damaged regions in old photographs and digital images of cracked paintings. In cases when inpainting mask generation cannot be completely automatic, our detection algorithm facilitates precise mask creation, particularly useful for images containing damage that is tedious to annotate or difficult to geometrically define. The main contribution of this dissertation is the development and utilization of a new inpainting technique, region hiding, to repair a single image by training a convolutional neural network on various transformations of that image. Region hiding is also …
Worldwide Network For Blood And Marrow Transplantation Recommendations For Establishing A Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program In Countries With Limited Resources, Part Ii: Clinical, Technical, And Socioeconomic Considerations,
2019
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Worldwide Network For Blood And Marrow Transplantation Recommendations For Establishing A Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program In Countries With Limited Resources, Part Ii: Clinical, Technical, And Socioeconomic Considerations, Mahmoud Aljurf, Daniel Weisdorf, Shahrukh Hashmi, Amr Nassar, Eliane Gluckman, Mohamad Mohty, Doug Rizzo, Marcelo Pasquini, Mehdi Hamadani, Salman Adil
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
The development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) programs can face significant challenges in most developing countries because such endeavors must compete with other government health care priorities, including the delivery of basic services. Although this is may be a limiting factor, these countries should prioritize development of the needed expertise to offer state-of-the-art treatments, including transplantation, by providing financial, technological, legal, ethical, and other needed support. This would prove beneficial in providing successful programs customized to the needs of their population and potentially provide long-term cost savings by circumventing the need for their citizens to seek care abroad. The …
New Insights Into The Lactate Shuttle: Role Of Mct4 In The Modulation Of The Exercise Capacity.,
2019
Thomas Jefferson University
New Insights Into The Lactate Shuttle: Role Of Mct4 In The Modulation Of The Exercise Capacity., Sara Bisetto, Megan C Wright, Romana A Nowak, Angelo C Lepore, Tejvir S Khurana, Emanuele Loro, Nancy J Philp
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Lactate produced by muscle during high-intensity activity is an important end product of glycolysis that supports whole body metabolism. The lactate shuttle model suggested that lactate produced by glycolytic muscle fibers is utilized by oxidative fibers. MCT4 is a proton coupled monocarboxylate transporter preferentially expressed in glycolytic muscle fibers and facilitates the lactate efflux. Here we investigated the exercise capacity of mice with disrupted lactate shuttle due to global deletion of MCT4 (MCT4−/−) or muscle-specific deletion of the accessory protein Basigin (iMSBsg−/−). Although MCT4−/− and iMSBsg−/− mice have normal muscle morphology and contractility, only MCT4−/− mice exhibit an exercise intolerant …
Determinants Of Campylobacter Infection And Association With Growth And Enteric Inflammation In Children Under 2 Years Of Age In Low-Resource Settings,
2019
Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Determinants Of Campylobacter Infection And Association With Growth And Enteric Inflammation In Children Under 2 Years Of Age In Low-Resource Settings, Md Ahshanul Haque, James A. Platts-Mills, Estomih Mduma, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Pascal Bessong, Sadia Shakoor, Gagandeep Kang, Margaret N. Kosek, Aldo A M Lima, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Campylobacter species infections have been associated with malnutrition and intestinal inflammation among children in low-resource settings. However, it remains unclear whether that association is specific to Campylobacter jejuni/coli. The aim of this study was to assess the association between both all Campylobacter species infections and Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections on growth and enteric inflammation in children aged 1-24 months. We analyzed data from 1715 children followed from birth until 24 months of age in the MAL-ED birth cohort study, including detection of Campylobacter species by enzyme immunoassay and Campylobacter jejuni/coli by quantitative PCR in stool samples. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration in stool, …
Plasma Cell Leukemia Mimicking Hairy Cell Leukemia: Extended Role Of Immunophenotyping In Correct Diagnosis,
2019
Aga Khan University
Plasma Cell Leukemia Mimicking Hairy Cell Leukemia: Extended Role Of Immunophenotyping In Correct Diagnosis, Ayesha Majeed Memon, Natasha Ali
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
