Ophthalmology Commons^™

Itraq-Based Proteomic Analysis Of Visual Cycle-Associated Proteins In Rpe Of Rd12 Mice Before And After Rpe65 Gene Delivery, Qinxiang Zheng, Yueping Ren, Radouil Tzekov, Shanshan Hua, Minghan Li, Jijing Pang, Jia Qu, Wensheng Li

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose. To investigate the iTRAQ-based proteomic changes of visual cycle-associated proteins in RPE of rd12 mice before and after RPE65 gene delivery. Mehtods. The right eyes of rd12 mice underwent RPE65 gene delivery by subretinal injection at P14, leaving the left eyes as control. C57BL/6J mice were served as a wide-type control group. ERGs were recorded at P42, and RPE-choroid-sclera complex was collected to evaluate the proteomic changes in visual cycle-associated proteins by iTRAQ-based analysis. Western blot was used to confirm the changes in the differentially expressed proteins of interest. Results. ERG parameters improved dramatically at P42 after …

Visual Electrodiagnostic Testing In Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Radouil Tzekov, Brian Madow

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a rare form of autoimmune posterior uveitis that can affect the visual function and, if left untreated, can lead to sight-threatening complications and loss of central vision. We performed a systematic search of the literature focused on visual electrophysiology studies, including electroretinography (ERG), electrooculography (EOG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP), used to monitor the progression of BSCR and estimate treatment efficacy. Many reports were identified, including using a variety of methodologies and patient populations, which makes a direct comparison of the results difficult, especially with some of the earlier studies using nonstandardized methodology. Several different electrophysiological …

Craniopharyngioma Causing Bilateral Vision Loss 4 Months After Unremarkable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Brain, Rainy Betts, Curtis E. Margo, Mitchell Drucker

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

A 65-year-old man developed bilateral vision loss 4 months after magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no lesion in the vicinity of the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, and suprasellar tissues. Repeat computed tomography 3 months later showed a predominantly cystic mass of the suprasellar cistern with extension into the anterior third ventricle, which histologically was a craniopharyngioma. The clinical course of this case fuels the controversy whether craniopharyngiomas arise from embryonic rests or can be acquired. From a clinical perspective, it raises questions about when to obtain imaging studies dedicated to the chiasm and the appropriate interval in which a scan should be …

Bilateral Choroidal Neovascularization After Pegylated Interferon Therapy, Pir Salim Mahar, Abdul Sami Memon

Section of Ophthalmology

A 30-year-old male presented with gradual decrease in vision in his both eyes after the use of interferon alpha for his hepatitis-C. Ocular examination of patient included, Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), fundus photographs, Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). His BCVA was recorded as 6/18 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye. The anterior segments were unremarkable, with normal intraocular Pressure (IOP) in his both eyes. Both fundi revealed the presence of bilateral Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), confirmed on FFA and OCT. To the best of authors' knowledge, simultaneous presence of CNV in both …

Bioengineering In Vitro Human Trabecular Meshwork Models For Glaucoma Therapeutic Screening, Karen Yud Torrejon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Glaucoma refers to a group of slowly progressing eye disorders that lead to damage to the optic nerve, resulting in irreversible vision loss. Recent statistics by the World Health Organization places glaucoma as a leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting nearly 80 million people. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only effective target for therapeutic intervention in glaucoma. IOP is mostly controlled by the outflow of the aqueous humor (AH) through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The TM and adjacent endothelium of Schlemm’s canal, known as the conventional outflow-tract, control AH outflow and thus determine IOP.

Factors Affecting The Academic Performance Of Optometry Students In Mozambique., James Loughman, Kajal Shah, Kovin Naidoo, Luigi Bilotto

Articles

Purpose. The Mozambique Eyecare Project is a higher education partnership for the development, implementation, and evaluation of a model of optometry training at UniLu´ rio in Mozambique. There are many composite elements to the development of sustainable eye health structures, and appropriate education for eye health workers remains a key determinant of successful eye care development. However, from the first intake of 16 students, only 9 students graduated from the program, whereas only 6 graduated from the second intake of 24 students. This low graduation rate is attributable to a combination of substandard academic performance and student dropout. The aim …

Trailmaking Test Performance Contributes To Subjective Judgment Of Visual Efficiency In Older Adults, Annalisa Setti, James Loughman, George Savva, Rose Anne Kenny

Articles

Introduction.

The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors.

Materials &Methods. Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N = 5,021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; TrailMaking Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited …

Targeting The Tight Junction Protein, Zonula Occludens-1, With The Connexin 43 Mimetic Peptide, Αct-1 Reduces Vegf-Dependent Rpe Pathophysiology, Elizabeth Christa Obert

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease and is regarded as the predominant cause of central vision loss in the elderly in industrialized countries. A critical target tissue in AMD is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which together with Bruch’s membrane forms the outer blood-retina barrier (BRB). RPE-barrier dysfunction in AMD might result from attenuation and disruption of intercellular tight junctions. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a major structural protein of intercellular junctions. A connexin-based peptide mimetic, αCT-1 (Alpha Connexin carboxy-Terminal 1), was developed which competitively inhibits ZO-1 interaction with its binding partners. We hypothesized that targeting ZO-1 signaling using …

Ocular Manifestation, Complications And Aetiological Factors In Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Shaukat Ali Chhipa, Sadia Masood, Yasir Salarzai, Qazi Assad Khan, Khabir Ahmad, Sara Sajid

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrosis among inpatients at a tertiary care hospital.

METHODS:

The retrospective observational descriptive study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data on age, gender, aetiology and ocular findings related to patients diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/ToxicEpidermal Necrosis between January 2000 and December 2011. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

There were 87 patients; 48(55.2%) of them being males.The overall mean age was 33.2±22.2 years, ranging from 1 month to 84 years. The most common aetiology was idiopathic 20(23%) followed by non-steroidal inflammatory …

Diabetic Retinopathy: Variations In Patient Therapeutic Outcomes And Pharmacogenomics., Aniruddha Agarwal, Mohamed K. Soliman, Yasir J. Sepah, Diana V. Do, Quan Dong Nguyen

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Diabetes and its microvascular complications in patients poses a significant challenge and constitutes a major health problem. When it comes to manifestations in the eye, each case of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is unique, in terms of the phenotype, genotype, and, more importantly, the therapeutic response. It is therefore important to identify factors that distinguish one patient from another. Personalized therapy in DR is a new trend aimed at achieving maximum therapeutic response in patients by identifying genotypic and phenotypic factors that may result in less than optimal response to conventional therapy, and consequently, lead to poorer outcome. With advances in …

Neuroprotective Effects Of Retinal Ganglion Cells By Specific Alpha 7 Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists And An Acetylcholineesterase Inhibitor, Sara Kaliszak

Honors Theses

In previous studies from this lab, an alpha7 nACh receptor was found to successfully modulate retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection against glutamate assault when bound to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or if an alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine agonist, such as PNU-282987 was used in in vitro models (Wehrwein et al., 2004; Iwamoto et al., 2013). These in vitro studies support the hypothesis that activation of alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptors triggers neuroprotection against loss of retinal ganglion cells normally induced by excessive glutamate insult. The results from these in vitro studies instigated an in vivo study in our lab using a rat glaucoma model. …

Retinal Synaptic Function In The Absence Of The On Pathway., Kathryn Marie Heath Fransen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Complete Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (cCSNB) is a rare hereditary retinal disorder characterized by abnormal night vision. cCSNB is caused by postsynaptic defects in On bipolar cells (BCs) and is identified by the presence of an electroretinogram (ERG) with a normal a-wave, corresponding to photoreceptor function, and the absence of a b-wave, corresponding to a failure of On BC function. Through the study of genetic mutations in mouse that result in no b-wave ERG phenotypes, several proteins have been identified that play crucial roles in On BC signal transmission. I focused on four mouse models of cCSNB; Nyxnob (Nyctalopin mutant), …

Boundary Contour Based Surface Representation., Yong Su

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

We receive most information about our surrounding space and objects through the eyes. To reconstruct the 3D space and objects in the visual system from the 2D retinal images, surface representation must be a critical intermediate stage in the visual processing stream. It is hypothesized in the dissertation that the visual system represents textured surface by a border-to-interior strategy: boundary contours would be encoded first and then border-ownership assignments would be resolved. This process would solve the related problems such as figure-ground segregation, surface depth relationship, occlusion, transparency, etc. As a result, the boundary contours of the surfaces would be …

Utility Of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography As A Screening Tool For Analyzing Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects, David A. Belyea, Rashed Alhabshan, Sankaranarayana P. Mahesh, Gregory S. Gertner, Mirsad M. Ibisevic, Abdullah S. Habib, Jacob A. Dan

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Context

Although Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT)-generated topographic images have been studied extensively for the detection of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects, little is known about the role of HRT-generated surface reflectivity images in the detection of RNFL defects in either patients with glaucoma or glaucoma suspects.

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of HRT version II (HRT II) optic nerve reflectivity images in uncovering RNFL defects in an outpatient population evaluated for glaucoma.

Study design/materials and methods

In 102 consecutive eyes from 60 patients evaluated for glaucoma in an academic-based practice, HRT II optic nerve images were prospectively imaged and …

Swelling And Eicosanoid Metabolites Differentially Gate Trpv4 Channels In Retinal Neurons And Glia., Daniel A. Ryskamp, Andrew O. Jo, Amber M M. Frye, Felix Vazquez-Chona, Nanna Macaulay, Wallace B. Thoreson, David Križaj

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Activity-dependent shifts in ionic concentrations and water that accompany neuronal and glial activity can generate osmotic forces with biological consequences for brain physiology. Active regulation of osmotic gradients and cellular volume requires volume-sensitive ion channels. In the vertebrate retina, critical support to volume regulation is provided by Müller astroglia, but the identity of their osmosensor is unknown. Here, we identify TRPV4 channels as transducers of mouse Müller cell volume increases into physiological responses. Hypotonic stimuli induced sustained [Ca(2+)]i elevations that were inhibited by TRPV4 antagonists and absent in TRPV4(-/-) Müller cells. Glial TRPV4 signals were phospholipase A2- and cytochrome P450-dependent, …

Low Vision Depression Prevention Trial In Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Clinical Trial., Barry W. Rovner, Robin J Casten, Mark T Hegel, Robert W Massof, Benjamin E Leiby, Allen C Ho, William S Tasman

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of behavior activation (BA) + low vision rehabilitation (LVR) with supportive therapy (ST) + LVR to prevent depressive disorders in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

DESIGN: Single-masked, attention-controlled, randomized, clinical trial with outcome assessment at 4 months.

PARTICIPANTS: Patients with AMD and subsyndromal depressive symptoms attending retina practices (n = 188).

INTERVENTIONS: Before randomization, all subjects had 2 outpatient LVR visits, and were then randomized to in-home BA+LVR or ST+LVR. Behavior activation is a structured behavioral treatment that aims to increase adaptive behaviors and achieve valued goals. Supportive therapy is a nondirective, psychological treatment …

Svegfr-2 And Its Role In Lymphangiogenesis Modulation, Jayakrishna Ambati, Romulo J. Albuquerque

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

Disclosed herein are nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence of sVEGF-2, proteins encoded by those sequences and antibodies that bind to the protein. Also disclosed are methods for inhibiting or enhancing expression or activity of sVEGFR-2 and methods for inhibiting graft rejection, particularly cornea graph rejection. Also described are methods for inhibiting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation by administering an effective amount of sVEGFR-2 and methods for treating lymphedema by inhibiting the activity of sVEGFR-2.

Pharmacotherapy For Uveitis: Current Management And Emerging Therapy., Robert J. Barry, Quan Dong Nguyen, Richard W. Lee, Philip I. Murray, Alastair K. Denniston

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Uveitis, a group of conditions characterized by intraocular inflammation, is a major cause of sight loss in the working population. Most uveitis seen in Western countries is noninfectious and appears to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory in nature, requiring treatment with immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory drugs. In this educational review, we outline the ideal characteristics of drugs for uveitis and review the data to support the use of current and emerging therapies in this context. It is crucial that we continue to develop new therapies for use in uveitis that aim to suppress disease activity, prevent accumulation of damage, and preserve visual …

Patients’ Visual Experience During Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery And Associated Fear, Tanveer Anjum Chaudhry, Amash Aqil, Kanza Aziz, Ammar Asrar Javed, Mohammad Zain Tauqir, Khabir Ahmad

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract Background: Data from several published studies indicate that patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery can experience a variety of visual sensations which can result in fear. This phenomenon has not been studied in Pakistan to-date. We examined the visual experience and its associated fear among patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Aga Khan University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan from August 2010 to July 2011. Adults >18 years of age scheduled to undergo cataract surgery (phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation) under topical anaesthesia by a single surgeon …

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome, Sharmeen Akram, Khabir Ahmad

Department of Surgery Docs

ABSTRACT Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a rare multisystem disease of melanocyte containing organs. It is characterized by diffuse granulomatous inflammation involving various organs including eye. VKH syndrome is usually sporadic, but some familial cases have also been reported indicating a hereditary basis. VKH is not associated with mortality but it may result in long-term complications such as decreased vision associated with cataract, glaucoma and choroidal neovascularization. For successful outcomes, early aggressive treatment using systemic steroids with gradual tapering is essential. This report describes a case of VKH syndrome in a 26-year-old male of Pakistan origin who was successfully treated with …