Ophthalmology Commons^™

Withanolides, Probes And Binding Targets And Methods Of Use Thereof, Royce Mohan, Paola Bargagna-Mohan, Kyung Bo Kim

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

Novel withanolide chemical genetic probes identify the in vivo binding target of withaferin A, which is the intermediate filament type III protein vimentin. In addition, a withanolide-based small molecule screening method screens drug candidates that target intermediate filament type III proteins. The method includes introducing a tagged linker covalently bonded to the withanolide molecule to form a withanolide probe. Better or alternative small molecule compounds as potential drug candidates can be generated based on their likely affinity for the determined binding site in vimentin. The affinity labeled withanolide can also be used to find intermediate filament-associated proteins using chemical proteomics …

Omics Technologies And Neovascular Ocular Disorders., Daniel Petrovič, Quan Dong Nguyen, Borut Peterlin, Goran Petrovski

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

No abstract provided.

The Anatomical And Functional Benefit Of Bevacizumab In The Treatment Of Macular Edema Associated With Purtscher-Like Retinopathy, B. Lw. Nesmith, Maya Bitar, S. Schaal

Ophthalmology

We read the article by Miguel et al1 regarding Purtscher’s and Purtscher-like retinopathies with great interest. As the authors well describe, ‘Purtscher-like retinopathy’ is diagnosed in patients with fundus findings similar to Purtscher’s retinopathy, without a history of trauma but with known systemic associations.¹ Current proposed mechanisms for the underlying pathogenesis include leukocyte aggregation by activated complement factor 5 (C5a).² As noted by the authors’ systematic review, there is currently no established treatment for Purtscher-like retinopathy, although the literature consists of several case reports of treatment with corticosteroids, without certainty as to effect on the clinical course.1 Herein, …

Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging: Fundamentals And Clinical Relevance., Yasir J. Sepah, Abeer Akhtar, Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Yamama Hafeez, Humzah Nasir, Brian Perez, Narissa Mawji, Diana J. Dean, Daniel Ferraz, Quan Dong Nguyen

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF), a relatively new imaging modality, focuses on the fluorescent properties of pigments in the retina to generate images that help us view various disease processes from a different perspective. It aids us in the understanding of the pathophysiology of different retinal disorders. Recently, FAF imaging is being used commonly to help us in the diagnosis, prognosis as well as in determining the treatment response of various retinal disorders. It generates an image based on the distribution pattern of a fluorescent pigment called lipofuscin. Knowing the distribution pattern of lipofuscin in the normal retina is key to understanding …

Ultrasound-Enhanced Ocular Delivery Of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate: An In Vivo Study, Marjan Nabili, Aditi Shenoy, Shawn Chawla, Sankaranarayana P. Mahesh, Craig Geist, Vesna Zderic

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Background

The eye's unique anatomy and its physiological and anatomical barriers can limit effective drug delivery into the eye.

Methods

An in vivo study was designed to determine the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound application in enhancing drug delivery in a rabbit model. Permeability of a steroid ophthalmic drug, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, was investigated in ultrasound- and sham-treated cases. For this study, an eye cup filled with dexamethasone sodium phosphate was placed on the cornea. Ultrasound was applied at intensity of 0.8 W/cm² and frequency of 400 or 600 kHz for 5 min. The drug concentration in aqueous humor …

Indirect Cyclopexy For Treatment Of A Chronic Traumatic Cyclodialysis Cleft With Hypotony, Nisha Chadha, Tania Lamba, David A. Belyea, Kunal Y. Merchant

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Cyclodialysis cleft is a rare clinical finding and therefore, reports on surgical repair techniques in the literature are limited. Additionally, hypotony can make repair technically challenging. We share a novel, simple surgical approach to management of a case of chronic traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with a successful outcome.

High-Speed Optical Coherence Tomography As A Reliable Adjuvant Tool To Grade Ocular Anterior Chamber Inflammation., Ann O. Igbre, Mario C. Rico, Sunir Garg

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the high-speed anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) grading of the AS inflammation in patients with ocular inflammation.

METHODS: A retrospective consecutive case series study. Patients with clinically visible AS inflammation in at least one eye underwent AS-OCT (Visante; Zeiss Meditec) with three to eight line scans per eye, performed by a trained masked examiner. The images were reviewed for hyperreflective spots, noise, and artifact, and these were correlated to clinical examination.

RESULTS: Seventy-eight eyes of 41 patients were imaged. Forty-seven eyes had anterior chamber cells on clinical examination, and 68 had hyperreflective spots visible on AS-OCT. …

Retinopathy Of Prematurity: An Evaluation Of Existing Screening Criteria In Pakistan, Tanveer Anjum Chaudhry, Farzeen Khalid Hashmi, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Qazi Assad Khan, Abdul Ahad, Ather M Taqui, Reema Syed, Khabir Ahmad

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

AIM:

To evaluate if broadening the criteria for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening to include babies with gestational age ≥32 weeks and/or birth weight ≥1500 g, would have an impact on the number of babies diagnosed as having ROP.

METHODS:

A prospective cohort study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Infants with gestational age ≤35 weeks or birth weight ≤2000 g born in this hospital from May 2010 to December 2012 were screened for the presence of ROP 4-6 weeks after birth. Subsequent examinations were performed at intervals based on the findings of initial …

The Spectrum Of Eye Disease In Hospitalized Adults Living With Hiv, 1995-2010., Christopher Miller, William Short, Md, Mph, Lorena Perez-Povis, Josephine Lontok, Christopher Fecarotta, Mengdan Liu, Jocelyn Sendecki, Katherine Belden

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Eye disease is a well-documented complication of HIV infection. Opportunistic infections generally comprised the majority of pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) eye complications. With the introduction of ART, opportunistic infections diminished. However, early ART regimens were cumbersome regarding side effects and pill burden, making patient compliance difficult. Newer ART regimens are better tolerated and consist of fewer pills, theoretically making compliance easier and therapy more effective. The aim of this chart review study is to examine eye disease epidemiology in HIV patients as ART has evolved. We reviewed 222 admissions at Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals for 188 patients. These cases were divided …

The Influence Of Soft Contact Lens Wear And Two Weeks Cessation Of Lens Wear On Corneal Curvature, Aoife Lloyd Mckernan, Veronica O'Dwyer, Luisa Simo Mannion

Articles

Abstract

Introduction

Accurate corneal measurements are crucial in corneal refractive surgery (CRS) to ensure successful outcomes. Soft contact lens (SCL) wear may result in changes to corneal curvature and structure. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pre-operative guidelines recommend that prior to CRS, SCL wearers cease SCL wear for “at least two weeks before examination and treatment”[1]. Corneal curvature changes induced by SCL wear may take longer than two weeks to resolve.

Purpose

To examine the effect of SCL wear on corneal curvature before and following two weeks SCL wear cessation. To explore the possible impact of different SCL …

Retina-Simulating Phantom For Optical Coherence Tomography., Jigesh Baxi, William Calhoun, Yasir Jamal Sepah, Daniel X. Hammer, Ilko Ilev, T. Joshua Pfefer, Quan Dong Nguyen, Anant Agrawal

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapidly growing imaging modality, particularly in the field of ophthalmology. Accurate early diagnosis of diseases requires consistent and validated imaging performance. In contrast to more well-established medical imaging modalities, no standardized test methods currently exist for OCT quality assurance. We developed a retinal phantom which mimics the thickness and near-infrared optical properties of each anatomical retinal layer as well as the surface topography of the foveal pit. The fabrication process involves layer-by-layer spin coating of nanoparticle-embedded silicone films followed by laser micro-etching to modify the surface topography. The thickness of each layer and dimensions …

Development Of A Surgical Instrument Prototype To Perform A More Precise Capsulorhexis, Kirk Haugen

Interdisciplinary Program Research

Performing capsulorhexis is often considered the most difficult part of cataract surgery. Not only is it difficult to perform, but doing it correctly is important for refractive outcomes (Okada, Hersh, Paul, & Straaten, 2013). Poorly done capsulorhexes are associated with problems including posterior capsulor opacification, capsulor fibrosis, and capsulor phimosis (Raviv, The perect capsulorhexis: more critical than ever, 2010). This study investigates whether or not a proposed surgical instrument will produce more precise capsulorhexes as measured by the circularity index. 60 capsulorhexes were performed on cigarette paper laid over clay. Half were done using the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis method, while …

Bioactive Lysophospholipids Generated By Hepatic Lipase Degradation Of Lipoproteins Lead To Complement Activation Via The Classical Pathway, W. Ma, D. C. Paik, G. R. Barile

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: We determined bioactivity of lysophospholipids generated by degradation of the low-density (LDL), very low-density (VLDL), and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins with hepatic lipase (HL), cholesterol esterase (CE), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). METHODS: The LDL, VLDL, and HDL were treated with HL, CE, and Lp-PLA2 after immobilization on plates, and complement activation studies were performed with diluted human serum. Complement component 3 (C3) fixation, a marker for complement activation, was determined with a monoclonal anti-human C3d antibody. Enzymatic properties of HL and CE were assayed with triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine substrates for triglyceride hydrolase and phospholipase A activities. The ARPE-19 cells …

Intermittent Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma And Chronic Angle Closure Following Topiramate Use With Plateau Iris Configuration, Lamise Z. Rajjoub, Nisha Chadha, David A. Belyea

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

This is a case report describing recurrent intermittent acute angle closure episodes in the setting of topiramate use in a female suffering from migraines. Despite laser peripheral iridotomy placement for the pupillary block component, and the discontinuation of topiramate, the acute angle closure did not resolve in the left eye with chronic angle closure and the patient required urgent trabeculectomy. The right eye responded to laser peripheral iridotomy immediately and further improved after the cessation of topiramate. While secondary angle closure glaucoma due to topiramate use has been widely reported, its effects in patients with underlying primary angle closure glaucoma …

Risk Factors Associated With Reticular Pseudodrusen Versus Large Soft Drusen, S. Boddu, M. D. Lee, M. Marsiglia, M. Marmor, K. B. Freund, R. T. Smith

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To investigate genetic, environmental, and systemic risk factors in prospectively identified subjects with the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes of (1) reticular pseudodrusen without large soft drusen and (2) large soft drusen without reticular pseudodrusen. DESIGN: Prospective case-case comparison. METHODS: In a clinical practice setting, patients with AMD were sequentially screened using clinical examination and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging to prospectively identify subjects (n = 73) with the phenotypes of (1) reticular pseudodrusen without large soft drusen (n = 30) or (2) large soft drusen without reticular pseudodrusen (n = 43). Subjects were genotyped for 2 alleles associated with …

Glycated Hemoglobin Measurement And Prediction Of Cardiovascular Disease, E. Di Angelantonio, P. Gao, H. Khan, N. Wald, S. J. L. Bakker, P. H. Whincup, J. Kauhanen, J. T. Salonen, R. Dankner, J. Danesh, +66 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE The value of measuring levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) for the prediction of first cardiovascular events is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether adding information on HbA(1c) values to conventional cardiovascular risk factors is associated with improvement in prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Analysis of individual-participant data available from 73 prospective studies involving 294 998 participants without a known history of diabetes mellitus or CVD at the baseline assessment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Measures of risk discrimination for CVD outcomes (eg, C-index) and reclassification (eg, net reclassification improvement) of participants across predicted 10-year risk categories …

Early Initial Clinical Experience With Intravitreal Aflibercept For Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration, P. J. Ferrone, F. Anwar, J. Naysan, K. Chaudhary, D. Fastenberg, K. Graham, V. Deramo

Journal Articles

Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative process that leads to severe vision loss. Wet AMD is defined by choroidal neovascularisation, leading to the accumulation of subretinal fluid (SRF), macular oedema (ME), and pigment epithelium detachments (PED). Purpose To evaluate the initial clinical experience of conversion from bevacizumab or ranibizumab to aflibercept in wet AMD patients. Methods Records of 250 consecutive wet AMD patients were retrospectively reviewed. Of 250 patients, 29 were naive (with no previous treatment), and 221 were previously treated with bevacizumab (1/3) or ranibizumab (2/3). On average, converted patients received 14 injections every 6 weeks on …

Gene Therapy In Patient-Specific Stem Cell Lines And A Preclinical Model Of Retinitis Pigmentosa With Membrane Frizzled-Related Protein Defects, Y. Li, W. H. Wu, C. W. Hsu, H. V. Nguyen, Y. T. Tsai, L. Chan, T. Nagasaki, I. H. Maumenee, L. A. Yannuzzi, S. H. Tsang, +3 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Defects in Membrane Frizzled-related Protein (MFRP) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). MFRP codes for a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific membrane receptor of unknown function. In patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived RPE cells, precise levels of MFRP, and its dicistronic partner CTRP5, are critical to the regulation of actin organization. Overexpression of CTRP5 in naive human RPE cells phenocopied behavior of MFRP-deficient patient RPE (iPS-RPE) cells. AAV8 (Y733F) vector expressing human MFRP rescued the actin disorganization phenotype and restored apical microvilli in patient-specific iPS-RPE cell lines. As a result, AAV-treated MFRP mutant iPS-RPE recovered pigmentation and transepithelial resistance. The efficacy …

Assessing The Cone Photoreceptor Mosaic In Eyes With Pseudodrusen And Soft Drusen In Vivo Using Adaptive Optics Imaging, S. Mrejen, T. Sato, C. A. Curcio, R. F. Spaide

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To investigate the cone photoreceptor mosaic in eyes with pseudodrusen as evidenced by the presence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) and conventional drusen using adaptive optics (AO) imaging integrated into a multimodal imaging approach. DESIGN: Observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients (11 eyes) with pseudodrusen and 6 patients (11 eyes) with conventional drusen. METHODS: Consecutive patients were examined using near-infrared reflectance (IR) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and eye-tracked spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and flood-illuminated retinal AO camera of nonconfluent pseudodrusen or conventional drusen. Correlations were made between the IR-SLO, SD-OCT, and AO images. Cone density analysis was …

Late Recurrence Of Myopic Foveoschisis After Successful Repair With Primary Vitrectomy And Incomplete Membrane Peeling, G. Sepulveda, S. Chang, K. B. Freund, S. Park, Q. V. Hoang

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To report three cases of late recurrence of myopic foveoschisis (MF) after initial successful repair with pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling to assess the importance of internal limiting membrane peeling. METHODS: A retrospective noncomparative case series was performed of patients who underwent a primary pars plana vitrectomy by a single surgeon with successful resolution of MF, but eventually underwent repeat pars plana vitrectomy for recurrent MF. Best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography were obtained at each examination. RESULTS: Three eyes of three patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for recurrent MF. Myopic foveoschisis recurrence occurred 6, …