Ophthalmology Commons^™

Imi – Defining And Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set Of Standards For Clinical And Epidemiologic Studies, D. I. Flitcroft, M. He, J. B. Jonas, M. Jong, K. Naidoo, K. Ohno-Matsui, J. Rahi, S. Resnikoff, S. Vitale, L. Yannuzzi

Journal Articles

© 2019 The Authors. PURPOSE. We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications. METHODS. Critical review of current terminology and choice of myopia thresholds was done to ensure that the proposed standards are appropriate for clinical research purposes, relevant to the underlying biology of myopia, acceptable to researchers in the field, and useful for developing health policy. RESULTS. We recommend that the many descriptive terms of myopia be consolidated into the following descriptive categories: myopia, secondary myopia, axial myopia, and refractive myopia. To provide a framework for research into myopia prevention, …

Colonic Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Hidden In Actinomycosis, S. H. Lee, S. J. Nam, S. J. Lee, S. C. Park, C. D. Kang, D. H. Choi, J. M. Park, S. K. Lee

Journal Articles

Actinomycosis can mask malignant diseases. This paper reports a case of colonic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which was misdiagnosed as abdominal actinomycosis. A 76-year-old woman presented with right flank pain and weight loss. Abdominal CT and colonoscopy revealed a huge ascending colon mass. Despite the initial impression of a malignancy, a colonoscopic biopsy revealed no malignant cells, but sulfur granules and a filamentous organism suggesting actinomycosis. Intravenous penicillin G was administered under the impression of abdominal actinomycosis but her condition deteriorated rapidly. Follow up CT showed markedly increased colon mass and new multiple nodular lesions around the ascending colon. …

Choosing Core Outcomes For Use In Clinical Trials In Ophthalmology: Perspectives From Three Ophthalmology Outcomes Working Groups, I. J. Saldanha, J. T. Le, S. D. Solomon, M. X. Repka, E. K. Akpek, T. Li, N. Afshari, A. Ambrus, H. Perry, A. Wenick, +29 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Safety And Efficacy Of Amniotic Cytokine Extract In The Treatment Of Dry Eye Disease., E. Yeu, D. F. Goldberg, F. S. Mah, K. A. Beckman, J. I. Luchs, J. D. Solomon, D. E. White, P. K. Gupta

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Human Macular Müller Cells Rely More On Serine Biosynthesis To Combat Oxidative Stress Than Those From The Periphery, Ting Zhang, Ling Zhu, Michele C. Madigan, Wei Liu, Weiyong Shen, Svetlana Cherepanoff, Fanfan Zhou, Shaoxue Zeng, Jianhai Du, Mark C. Gillies

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract The human macula is more susceptible than the peripheral retina to developing blinding conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy. A key difference between them may be the nature of their Mu¨ ller cells. We found primary cultured Mu¨ ller cells from macula and peripheral retina display significant morphological and transcriptomic differences. Macular Mu¨ ller cells expressed more phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH, a rate-limiting enzyme in serine synthesis) than peripheral Mu¨ ller cells. The serine synthesis, glycolytic and mitochondrial function were more activated in macular than peripheral Mu¨ ller cells. Serine biosynthesis is critical in defending against oxidative stress. …

Identification Of Candidate Mirna Biomarkers For Glaucoma, Allyson Hindle, Robrecht Thoonen, Jessica V. Jasien, Robert M. H. Grange, Krishna Amin, Jasen Wise, Mineo Ozaki, Robert Ritch, Rajeev Malhotra, Emmanuel S. Buys

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Purpose: Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, often remains undetected until irreversible vision loss has occurred. Treatments focus on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), the only modifiable and readily measurable risk factor. However, IOP can vary and does not always predict disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers. They are abundant and stable in biological fluids, including plasma and aqueous humor (AqH). We aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in AqH and plasma from glaucoma, exfoliation syndrome (XFS), and control subjects. Methods: Plasma and AqH from two ethnic cohorts were harvested from glaucoma or XFS (often associated with glaucoma, n …

Eyelid Cosmetic Enhancements And Their Associated Ocular Adverse Effects, Maliha Masud, Majid Moshirfar, Tirth J. Shah, Aaron T. Gomez, Michele R. Avila, Yasmyne C. Ronquillo

School of Medicine Publications

Numerous cosmetic enhancements and augmentations to the natural appearance of the periorbital area are readily available today. Due to the increasing popularity of these cosmetic procedures, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of their potential risks, complications and adverse effects. The aim of this literature review was to introduce some of the most common ocular cosmetic enhancements and provide a comprehensive overview of their associated adverse effects reported in various medical journals. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were used to identify articles related to the following ocular cosmetic procedures; eyelash extensions, permanent eyelid tattooing, and eyelash dyeing. The …

Deep Learning Based Topology Guaranteed Surface And Mme Segmentation Of Multiple Sclerosis Subjects From Retinal Oct, Yufan He, Aaron Carass, Yihao Liu, Bruno Jedynak, Sharon D. Solomon, Shiv Saidha, Peter A. Calabresi, Jerry L. Prince

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that can be used to obtain depth images of the retina. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have thinning retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, and approximately 5% of MS patients will develop microcystic macular edema (MME) within the retina. Segmentation of both the retinal layers and MME can provide important information to help monitor MS progression. Graph-based segmentation with machine learning preprocessing is the leading method for retinal layer segmentation, providing accurate surface delineations with the correct topological ordering. However, graph methods are time-consuming and they do not optimally incorporate …

Risk Factors Associated With Myopia In Schoolchildren In Ireland, Síofra Harrington, Jim Stack, Veronica O'Dwyer

Articles

Aim To examine the demographic and social factors associated with myopia in schoolchildren in Ireland.

Methods Thirty-seven schools participated, representing a mix of urban and rural schools and schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged areas in Ireland. Examination included cyclopleged autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride). Height and weight of participants were measured. Parents filled in a participant’s lifestyle questionnaire, including questions on daily screen time use and daylight exposure. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent ≤−0.50 D.

Results Data from 1626 participants (881 boys, 745 girls) in two age groups, 6–7 years (728) and 12–13 years (898), were examined. Myopia prevalence …

Ocular Demodex Folliculorum: Prevalence And Associated Symptoms In An Irish Population, Orla Murphy, Veronica O'Dwyer, Aoife Lloyd-Mckernan

Articles

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of ocular Demodex folliculorum (DF) in an Irish population. To validate a modified Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and employ it to evaluate the relationship between dry eye symptoms and the presence of DF. Methods One hundred and fifty-six subjects were enrolled in an epidemiological cross-sectional prevalence study. Each subject completed a novel questionnaire on ocular symptoms and was assessed for the presence of DF. Data was analysed to assess prevalence and to search for significant links between each symptom and DF. Results An overall prevalence of 68% was found. Total mean number of DF …

The Relative Financial Cost And Benefit Of An Ophthalmology Resident Compared To An Advanced Practice Provider, Optometrist, Or Faculty Ophthalmologist, Daniel B. Moore, William Barr

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications

Objective The main objective of the article is to determine the relative direct financial cost and benefit of an advanced practice provider (APP), optometrist, and faculty ophthalmologist compared with an ophthalmology resident.

Design Single center cost–benefit financial analysis.

Methods The direct total expenses, including mean salary and benefits; the cost/week, based upon calculated hours worked; and net revenue, based upon technical collections subtracted from total expenses were collected for all APPs, optometrists, faculty ophthalmologists, and ophthalmology residents at the University of Kentucky for the 2016 to 2017 academic year. Optometry and ophthalmology faculty collections were adjusted for clinical full-time equivalents. …

Bilateral Mastectomy, Choroidal Mass: A Curve Ball., Phillip Gordon, Carol L. Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

No abstract provided.

The Tumor Microenvironment Regulates Retinoblastoma Cell Survival, Zachary K. Goldsmith

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children comprising 4% of all pediatric tumors. Early intervention increases survival rates up to 95% in developed countries; being survival rates associated to socio-economic status. Despite the high survival rates in developed countries, preservation of the eye and vision are continuing challenges in the management of Rb. Vitreous seeds constitute the greatest challenge in treatment of Rb. The unique location of these seeds within the vitreous makes them difficult to treat. Viable seeds showed reduced proliferative capacity and metabolism. making the majority refractory to current chemotherapeutics. This prompted the development of …

Comparison Of Germline Versus Somatic Bap1 Mutations For Risk Of Metastasis In Uveal Melanoma., K. G. Ewens, E. Lalonde, J. Richards-Yutz, C. L. Shields, A. Ganguly

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in BAP1 have been associated with BAP1-Tumor Predisposition Syndrome (BAP1-TPDS), a predisposition to multiple tumors within a family that includes uveal melanoma (UM), cutaneous melanoma, malignant mesothelioma and renal cell carcinoma. Alternatively, somatic mutations in BAP1 in UM have been associated with high risk for metastasis. In this study, we compare the risk of metastasis in UM that carry germline versus somatic BAP1 mutations and mutation-negative tumors.

METHODS: DNA extracted from 142 UM and matched blood samples was sequenced using Sanger or next generation sequencing to identify BAP1 gene mutations.

RESULTS: Eleven of 142 UM (8%) carried …

Unilateral Macular Drusen In A Young Female., Kareem Sioufi, Katherine E Talcott, Marc J Spirn

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

No abstract provided.

Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3b, (Lc3b) Is Necessary To Maintain Lipid-Mediated Homeostasis In The Retinal Pigment Epithelium., Anuradha Dhingra, Brent A Bell, Neal S. Peachey, Lauren L. Daniele, Juan Reyes-Reveles, Rachel C. Sharp, Bokkyoo Jun, Nicolas G. Bazan, Janet R. Sparrow, Hye Jin Kim, Nancy J. Philp, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Like other neurons, retinal cells utilize autophagic pathways to maintain cell homeostasis. The mammalian retina relies on heterophagy and selective autophagy to efficiently degrade and metabolize ingested lipids with disruption in autophagy associated degradation contributing to age related retinal disorders. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports photoreceptor cell renewal by daily phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (OS). The daily ingestion of these lipid-rich OS imposes a constant degradative burden on these terminally differentiated cells. These cells rely on Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 (LC3) family of proteins for phagocytic clearance of the ingested OS. The LC3 family comprises …

Frequency Of Ocular Emergencies In A Tertiary Care Setting In Karachi, Pakistan: It Is Time To Reduce Unnecessary Visits, Rashid Baig, Khabir Ahmad, Sidra Zafar, Nadeem Ullah Khan, Areeb Ashfaq

Section of Ophthalmology

Objective: To examine the frequency of ocular emergencies received in a tertiary care setting..
Methods: This retrospective clinical audit was undertaken at the Emergency Department of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of all individuals who presented between January and October 2016. The department's triage database was used to retrieve the data on patient's age, gender, presenting complaints, time and date of presentation. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.
Results: Of the 74729 individuals who presented, 928 (1.2%) presented with ocular complaints. The age range with the highest total number of visits was 0-9 years followed by …

Pretty Peachy., Li-Anne Lim, Basil K. Williams, Carol L. Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

No abstract provided.

Lacrimal Gland Tumors In Turkey: Types, Frequency, And Outcomes., Yağmur Seda Yeşiltaş, Ahmet Kaan Gündüz, Esra Erden, Carol L. Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

AIM: To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and treatment features of lacrimal gland tumors.

METHODS: Retrospective review of 99 eyes of 92 patients with lacrimal gland tumors diagnosed and managed in a single institution between January 1999 and March 2017. Clinical and radiological features, histopathology, treatment methods, and prognosis were evaluated.

RESULTS: The mean patient age was 40.3 (range: 7-80)y. The diagnosis was made histopathologically in 91 (91.9%) tumors and on a clinical and radiological basis in 8 (8.1%) tumors. Final diagnoses included idiopathic orbital inflammation (pseudotumor) in 46 (46.5%) lesions, pleomorphic adenoma in 14 (14.1%), adenoid cystic carcinoma in 12 …

Sub-Retinal Abscess As Presenting Feature Of Endogenous Candida Endophthalmitis, Sidra Zafar, Rehman Siddiqui

Section of Ophthalmology

Background: Sub-retinal abscess as the presenting feature in the setting of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is extremely infrequent. Immunodeficiency states are major predisposing risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of Candida sub-retinal abscess as initial presentation in an immunocompetent patient.
Case Presentation: A 32-year old, generally fit and well, female presented to us with gradually deteriorating vision in her right eye. Visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and, 20/30 in the left eye. Right eye fundus examination showed a full thickness, yellowish-white foveal lesion, and significant vitreous haze. Left …