Neurology Commons^™

Evaluating The Impact Of Using A Wound-Specific Oral Nutritional Supplement To Support Wound Healing In A Rehabilitation Setting, Rya K Clark, Argyrios Stampas, Kirk W Kerr, Jeffrey L Nelson, Suela Sulo, Luis Leon-Novelo, Esther Ngan, Dehuti Pandya

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic wounds adversely affect patient quality of life, increase the risk of mortality, and impose high costs on healthcare systems. Since protein-energy malnutrition or specific nutrient deficiencies can delay wound healing, nutritionally focused care is a key strategy to help prevent or treat the occurrence of non-healing wounds. The objective of our study of inpatients in a rehabilitation hospital was to quantify the effect of daily wound-specific oral nutritional supplementation (WS-ONS) on healing chronic wounds. Using electronic medical records, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with chronic wounds. We identified records for (a) a treatment group who received standard …

A Umls-Based Investigation Of Laterality In Biomedical Terminologies, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Xubing Hao, Licong Cui, Guo-Qiang Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Laterality is an important anatomic directional property indicating the sidedness of body structures, diseases, and procedures. Errors in laterality could have catastrophic consequences in patient care. In this paper, we investigate how different biomedical terminologies organize terms indicating laterality. We leverage the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) to identify lateral terms in different terminologies. For each lateral term, we attempt to obtain other matched lateral terms and further analyze how they are interrelated. Our results indicated that only 1.68% of the matched lateral term-pairs are hierarchically related. It was also seen that 44.24% of matched-pairs were siblings. We found that …

Extracting Temporal Expressions Of First Seizure Onset From Epilepsy Patient Discharge Summaries, Shiqiang Tao, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Blanca Talavera De La Esperanza, Samden Lhatoo, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Licong Cui

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Early onset of seizure is a potential risk factor for Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). However, the first seizure onset information is often documented as clinical narratives in epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) discharge summaries. Manually extracting first seizure onset time from discharge summaries is time consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we developed a rule-based natural language processing pipeline for automatically extracting the temporal information of patients’ first seizure onset from EMU discharge summaries. We use the Epilepsy and Seizure Ontology (EpSO) as the core knowledge resource and construct 4 extraction rules based on 300 randomly selected EMU discharge …

Lack Of Better Functional Outcome In Young Border Hispanic Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke After Endovascular Thrombectomy Compared To Older Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review, Saisree Ravi, Sohum Desai, Sherief Ghozy, Wondwossen Tekle, Ameer E. Hassan

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Shortened Abstract:

Previous data indicates that young acute ischemic stroke patients have better prognosis after endovascular thrombectomy, while Hispanic patients are associated with poorer outcomes. Our goal is to study the interaction between age and Hispanic status to assess functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy in young versus older patients in a predominantly Hispanic population with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Our Hispanic population demonstrates no differences in sICH, mortality, and functional independence between young and older acute ischemic stroke patients after endovascular thrombectomy.

Examining A Blood Biomarker Approach To Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Samantha Ford

Theses and Dissertations--Medical Sciences

Blood-brain barrier disruption has been identified to associate with the pathogenesis several neurological diseases such as dementia [1, 2], multiple sclerosis[3, 4], acute or chronic cerebral ischemia[5], brain trauma[5], meningitis[5], encephalitis[5], stroke[6], and seizures[7]. Being able to effectively identify blood-brain barrier disruption is limited in methodology. The current standard is using a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin to serum albumin index, which requires the use of a lumbar puncture. A novel method of identifying blood-brain barrier disruption utilizing blood biomarkers is proposed in this study. Participants in this study had previously collected blood and CSF samples, which were analyzed to compare …

Lipids And Lipoproteins May Play A Role In The Neuropathology Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Omer Akyol, Sumeyya Akyol, Mei-Chuan Chou, Shioulan Chen, Ching-Kuan Liu, Salih Selek, Jair C Soares, Chu-Huang Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other classes of dementia are important public health problems with overwhelming social, physical, and financial effects for patients, society, and their families and caregivers. The pathophysiology of AD is poorly understood despite the extensive number of clinical and experimental studies. The brain's lipid-rich composition is linked to disturbances in lipid homeostasis, often associated with glucose and lipid abnormalities in various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Moreover, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels may be related to a higher probability of AD. Here, we hypothesize that lipids, and electronegative LDL (L5) in particular, may be involved in the …

Parental Instincts: The Neurological And Biological Factors Associated With Parenthood, Jared Reeder

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The following project involves a systematic review of the scientific literature on neural and biological changes of mothers and fathers in parenthood. Until very recently, little scientific research was devoted to studying how bearing children affects a man or woman’s long-term biology. Over the last twenty years, studies of neuroplastic changes in new mothers show specific neural mechanisms responsible for altering the behaviors of mothers during and after pregnancy. These changes in neuroplasticity alter behavior in such a way that led to mothers requiring less sleep and being more prone to hearing the cries of their children. In addition to …

A Story Of Hope: How A Community Project Is Transforming The Lives Of Filipino Children With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Lance Vincent C. Sese, Ma Celina L. Guillermo

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

The issue of social inequality became more prevalent during the pandemic and with it, the call for preferential option toward the vulnerable. 1 Not only do we protect them from sickness and death, but we are also called to improve their quality of life. Thus, it is imperative that in this call for inclusivity, we address the gap, one group at a time—for example, children with special needs. The project discussed in this perspective article exemplifies the importance of collaboration in bridging the gap to create a more holistic environment for Filipino children with special needs. This article then serves …

Combined 3d Bioprinting And Tissue-Specific Ecm System Reveals The Influence Of Brain Matrix On Stem Cell Differentiation, Martina Zamponi, Peter A. Mollica, Yara Khodour, Julie S. Bjerring, Robert D. Bruno, Patrick C. Sachs

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

We have previously shown that human and murine breast extracellular matrix (ECM) can significantly impact cellular behavior, including stem cell fate determination. It has been established that tissue-specific extracellular matrix from the central nervous system has the capacity to support neuronal survival. However, the characterization of its influence on stem cell differentiation and its adaptation to robust 3D culture models is underdeveloped. To address these issues, we combined our 3D bioprinter with hydrogels containing porcine brain extracellular matrix (BMX) to test the influence of the extracellular matrix on stem cell differentiation. Our 3D bioprinting system generated reproducible 3D neural structures …

Disruption Of Specific White Matter Tracts Is Associated With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction In Women With Multiple Sclerosis, Darshil Choksi, Bradley Schott, Khue Tran, Ryan Jang, Khader M Hasan, John A Lincoln, Ali Jalali, Christof Karmonik, Betsy Salazar, Rose Khavari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To identify specific white matter tracts (WMTs) whose disruption is associated with the severity of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in two independent cohorts of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and NLUTD.

METHODS: Cohort 1 consisted of twenty-eight women with MS and NLUTD. The validation cohort consisted of 10 women with MS and NLUTD. Eleven healthy women served as controls. Participants of both MS cohorts had the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both MS cohorts and the healthy controls underwent the same clinical assessment and functional MRI (fMRI) protocol, except that the validation MS cohort underwent 7-Tesla fMRI …

Dual-Task Upper Extremity Motor Performance Measured By Video Processing As Cognitive-Motor Markers For Older Adults, Changhong Wang, Mohsen Zahiri, Ashkan Vaziri, Bijan Najafi

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Introduction: The use of dual-task model such as dual-task gait has been extensively studied to assess cognitive-motor performance among older adults. However, space restriction and safety factor limit its applications in remote assessment. To address the gap, we propose a video processing-based approach to remotely quantify cognitive-motor performance using a 20-s repetitive elbow flexion-extension test with dual-task condition, called video-based motoric-cognitive meter (MCM).

Methods: Eighteen older participants (age: 78.6 ± 6.5 years) who were clinically diagnosed as having either mild cognitive impairment or dementia were included in this study. Participants were asked to perform 20-s repetitive elbow flexion-extension exercise with …

Serum Neurofilament Light-Chain Levels And Long-Term Treatment Outcomes In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis Of The Randomized Combirx Trial, Gary Cutter, Richard A Rudick, Carl De Moor, Carol M Singh, Elizabeth Fisher, Thijs Koster, Fred D Lublin, Jerry S Wolinsky, Henry Mcfarland, Steven Jacobson, Maria L Naylor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: CombiRx was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in treatment-naive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients randomized to intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFN beta-1a), glatiramer acetate (GA), or both therapies.

OBJECTIVE: This analysis investigated changes in serum neurofilament light-chain (sNfL) levels in response to treatment and assessed baseline sNfL as a predictor of relapse.

METHODS: RRMS patients treated with IM IFN beta-1a 30 µg weekly + placebo (n = 159), GA 20 mg/mL daily + placebo (n = 172), or IM IFN beta-1a + GA (n = 344) were included. A linear mixed model compared sNfL values over time. …

Exploring The Reduction Of Ipap Below Epap In The Therapy Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, William Noah, Sue Lynn Myhre

TriStar Division Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Community Socioeconomic And Urban-Rural Differences In Emergency Medical Services Times For Suspected Stroke In North Carolina, Srihari V Chari, Eric R Cui, Haylie E Fehl, Antonio R Fernandez, Jane H Brice, Mehul D Patel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to describe time intervals of EMS encounters for suspected stroke patients in North Carolina (NC) and evaluate differences in EMS time intervals by community socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study used statewide data on EMS encounters of suspected stroke in NC in 2019. Eligible patients were adults requiring EMS transport to a hospital following a 9-1-1 call for stroke-like symptoms. Incident street addresses were geocoded to census tracts and linked to American Community Survey SES data and to rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. Community SES was defined as high, medium, or low based …

A Scoping Review Of Workplace Health Promotion Interventions For Chronic Diseases In Australia, Leonie Arnold, Katherine Harris, Victoria Weale

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to systematically chart and summarize the literature pertaining to workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions targeting the five main modifiable lifestyle risk factors for chronic disease, including smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity, overweight/obesity (SNAPO) in Australian workers.

METHODS: A scoping review was performed using the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications that evaluated primary or secondary WHP interventions which targeted one or more modifiable risk factor (SNAPO).

RESULTS: A total of fifty-six articles were included in the review. The findings revealed a heterogeneous nature …

Developing Ecologically Valid Clinical Tools For Persons With Tbi: Understanding The Role And Impact Of Distractions, Deanna Pinnow

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

There is a critical need for the development of ecologically valid clinical tools to assess real-life cognitive functioning in persons impacted by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Chronic cognitive impairments that are exacerbated by distractions are one of the core factors contributing to poor home and community re-integration post injury. Simulation-based digital platforms (i.e., virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality) have become potential solutions for eliciting real-world cognitive performance in clinical settings. Yet, there is a paucity of research investigating the role and impact of distractions on cognition. As a result, there is no clear framework of measuring distractions to …

Feasibility Of And Experience Using A Portable Mri Scanner In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit., Maura Sien, Amie L. Robinson, Houchun H. Hu, Christopher R. Nitkin, Ara Hall, Marcie G. Files, Nathan S. Artz, John T. Pitts, Sherwin S. Chan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: A portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children's hospital.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a single-site prospective cohort study in neonates ≥2 kg conducted between October and December 2020. All parents provided informed consent. Neonates underwent portable MRI examination in the NICU with support …

Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Among Autistic Individuals, With And Without Co-Occurring Intellectual Disability, Calliope Holingue, Danika Pfeiffer, Natasha N. Ludwig, Rachel Reetzke, Ji Su Hong, Luther G. Kalb, Rebecca Landa

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

Gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) are very common among individuals on the autism spectrum. Prior research reports mixed findings regarding whether individuals with autism and co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) have elevated risk of gastrointestinal symptoms relative to individuals with autism alone. GI symptoms can be challenging to assess in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or ID given challenges with language, communication, and interoception. Prior research has tended to only include individuals with documented presence or absence of GI symptoms or conditions, that is, to exclude observations in which there is uncertainty regarding presence of GI symptoms. Therefore, none of the prior …

Characterization Of Multiphase Complex Coacervate Droplets, Lindsey Rush

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The intracellular environment of eukaryotic cells has been found to have membrane-less organelles, which form through liquid-liquid phase separation.^1,2 The membrane-less organelles within the cell can be modeled with multiphase complex coacervates that are formed through the combination of two liquid polyelectrolyte complex coacervates, which are individually made up of a pair of one positively charged polymer and one negatively charged polymer.^3,4 Membrane-less organelles in a eukaryotic cell have been found to aggregate from liquid to solid in neurological disorders and during the aging process⁵, and investigation into the factors affecting aggregation of multiphase complex coacervates …

The Influence Of Genetics, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, And Energy Deficit On Migraine, Victoria Dm Maldonado Llinas

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The pathomechanism of migraine attacks is not understood well, however, is currently believed to be a brain disorder. Migraine is a multifactorial disorder that needs to be investigated in multiple research areas to shed light into its mechanism and find ways to treat it effectively. Migraine episodes come from one or many things at the same time, and such vary from person to person. However, sufficient evidence in recent studies show there is a strong relationship between genetics with patients having specific genes that may be responsible for the disease or a genetic sequence passed down through generations in families, …