Neurology Commons^™

Spatial And Temporal Homogeneity Of Driver Mutations In Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma., Hamid Nikbakht, Eshini Panditharatna, Leonie G Mikael, Rui Li, Tenzin Gayden, Alan Siu, Roger J. Packer, Javad Nazarian, +16 Additional Authors

Neurology Faculty Publications

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPGs) are deadly paediatric brain tumours where needle biopsies help guide diagnosis and targeted therapies. To address spatial heterogeneity, here we analyse 134 specimens from various neuroanatomical structures of whole autopsy brains from nine DIPG patients. Evolutionary reconstruction indicates histone 3 (H3) K27M-including H3.2K27M-mutations potentially arise first and are invariably associated with specific, high-fidelity obligate partners throughout the tumour and its spread, from diagnosis to end-stage disease, suggesting mutual need for tumorigenesis. These H3K27M ubiquitously-associated mutations involve alterations in TP53 cell-cycle (TP53/PPM1D) or specific growth factor pathways (ACVR1/PIK3R1). Later oncogenic alterations arise in sub-clones and often …

Molecular And Behavioral Profiling Of Dbx1-Derived Neurons In The Arcuate, Lateral And Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nuclei., Katie Sokolowski, Tuyen Tran, Shigeyuki Esumi, Yasmin Kamal, Livio Oboti, Julieta Lischinsky, Meredith Goodrich, Andrew Lam, Margaret Carter, Yasushi Nakagawa, Joshua G. Corbin

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Neurons in the hypothalamus function to regulate the state of the animal during both learned and innate behaviors, and alterations in hypothalamic development may contribute to pathological conditions such as anxiety, depression or obesity. Despite many studies of hypothalamic development and function, the link between embryonic development and innate behaviors remains unexplored. Here, focusing on the embryonically expressed homeodomain-containing gene Developing Brain Homeobox 1 (Dbx1), we explored the relationship between embryonic lineage, post-natal neuronal identity and lineage-specific responses to innate cues. We found that Dbx1 is widely expressed across multiple developing hypothalamic subdomains. Using standard and inducible fate-mapping to …

Radioresistance Of Brain Tumors, K. Kelley, J. Knisely, M. Symons, R. Ruggieri

Journal Articles

Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as part of the standard of care treatment of the majority of brain tumors. The efficacy of RT is limited by radioresistance and by normal tissue radiation tolerance. This is highlighted in pediatric brain tumors where the use of radiation is limited by the excessive toxicity to the developing brain. For these reasons, radiosensitization of tumor cells would be beneficial. In this review, we focus on radioresistance mechanisms intrinsic to tumor cells. We also evaluate existing approaches to induce radiosensitization and explore future avenues of investigation.

Outcomes In Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma After Subtotal Resection And Adjuvant Radiosurgery, H. Radwan, M. Bruce Eisenberg, J. P. S. Knisely, M. M. Ghaly, M. Schulder

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Estradiol-Mediated Spine Changes In The Dorsal Hippocampus And Medial Prefrontal Cortex Of Ovariectomized Female Mice Depend On Erk And Mtor Activation In The Dorsal Hippocampus, J. J. Tuscher, V. Luine, M. Frankfurt, K. M. Frick

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Key Perspectives On Auditory Outcomes Following Radiosurgery For Vestibular Schwannoma, Tumor Treating Fields For Glioblastoma, And A Proposed Myelopathy Score For Cervical Decompression Surgery, Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury., Jonathan H. Sherman, Gordon Li, Jin Mo Cho, Winward Choy, Isaac Yang, Zachary A Smith

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Neurologists Take Heed Lyme Neuroborreliosis Mimicry Is Afoot, Robert Ollar

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Pharmacological Blockade Of The Calcium Plateau Provides Neuroprotection Following Organophosphate Paraoxon Induced Status Epilepticus In Rats, Laxmikant S. Deshpande, Robert E. Blair, Beverly A. Huang, Kristin F. Phillips, Robert J. Delorenzo

Neurology Publications

Organophosphate (OP) compounds which include nerve agents and pesticides are considered chemical threat agents. Currently approved antidotes are crucial in limiting OP mediated acute mortality. However, survivors of lethal OP exposure exhibit delayed neuronal injury and chronic behavioral morbidities. In this study, we investigated neuroprotective capabilities of dantrolene and carisbamate in a rat survival model of paraoxon (POX) induced status epilepticus (SE). Significant elevations in hippocampal calcium levels were observed 48-h post POX SE survival, and treatment with dantrolene (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and carisbamate (90 mg/kg, i.m.) lowered these protracted calcium elevations. POX SE induced delayed neuronal injury …

Differential Rna Expression Profile Of Skeletal Muscle Induced By Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis In Rats, Henry J. Kaminski, Keiichi Himuro, Jumana Alshaikh, Bendi Gong, Georgiama Cheng, Linda L. Kusner

Neurology Faculty Publications

The differential susceptibility of skeletal muscle by myasthenia gravis (MG) is not well understood. We utilized RNA expression profiling of extraocular muscle (EOM), diaphragm (DIA), and extensor digitorum (EDL) of rats with experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) to evaluate the hypothesis that muscles respond differentially to injury produced by EAMG. EAMG was induced in female Lewis rats by immunization with acetylcholine receptor purified from the electric organ of the Torpedo. Six weeks later after rats had developed weakness and serum antibodies directed against the AChR, animals underwent euthanasia and RNA profiling performed on DIA, EDL, and EOM. Profiling results were validated …

A Urinary Metabolic Signature For Multiple Sclerosis And Neuromyelitis Optica, Teklab Gebregiworgis, Helle H. Nielsen, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Jay Reddy, Zsolt Illes, Robert Powers

Jay Reddy Publications

Urine is a metabolite-rich biofluid that reflects the body’s effort to maintain chemical and osmotic homeostasis. Clinical diagnosis routinely relies on urine samples because the collection process is easy and noninvasive. Despite these advantages, urine is an under-investigated source of biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has become a common approach for analyzing urinary metabolites for disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. For illustration of the potential of urinary metabolites for diagnosing and treating MS patients, and for differentiating between MS and other illnesses, 38 urine samples were collected from healthy controls, MS patients, and neuromyelitis optica-spectrum …

Spatial And Temporal Homogeneity Of Driver Mutations In Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma., Hamid Nikbakht, Eshini Panditharatna, Leonie G Mikael, Rui Li, Tenzin Gayden, Alan Siu, Javad Nazarian, + 17 More

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPGs) are deadly paediatric brain tumours where needle biopsies help guide diagnosis and targeted therapies. To address spatial heterogeneity, here we analyse 134 specimens from various neuroanatomical structures of whole autopsy brains from nine DIPG patients. Evolutionary reconstruction indicates histone 3 (H3) K27M-including H3.2K27M-mutations potentially arise first and are invariably associated with specific, high-fidelity obligate partners throughout the tumour and its spread, from diagnosis to end-stage disease, suggesting mutual need for tumorigenesis. These H3K27M ubiquitously-associated mutations involve alterations in TP53 cell-cycle (TP53/PPM1D) or specific growth factor pathways (ACVR1/PIK3R1). Later oncogenic alterations arise in sub-clones and often …

Neurosurgery Concepts: Key Perspectives On Intrathecal Fluorescein For Detecting Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak During Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery, Spinal Intraarterial Chemotherapy, Oligoastrocytoma Classification By In Situ Molecular Genetics, And Prenatal Myelomeningocele Closure And The Need For Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Placement., Anand V Germanwala, Winward Choy, Jonathan H. Sherman, Sandi Lam, Isaac Yang, Zachary A Smith

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Response To The Comments: "Prospective Case Control Evaluation Of Epidural Midazolam For Improving Pain And Ambulation After Microdiscectomy", Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Nicotine Exposure As A Teratogen In Neurological Pathways, Monica Grover

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most heritable and commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorder with 4% of all children being diagnosed with this disorder. Prenatal smoking has been found to be a risk factor for ADHD, a disorder that has been believed to be linked to the fluctuation of dopamine levels. Prenatal nicotine exposure in the second trimester influences dopaminergic neurological pathways by altering dopamine release levels. The altered dopamine levels make the fetus brain more sensitive to the nicotine, causing the nicotine exposure to be more dangerous in causing ADHD symptoms. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the neurological pathway of the …

Validity Of Intracerebral Haemorrhge Score In Predicting Prognosis Of Hemorrhagic Stroke, Muhammad Aslam Rind, Muzaffar Sheikh, Manzoor Ali Lakhair, Maria Nazir, Sadia Sheikh

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Stroke is a common neurological disorder, leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Intra cerebral hemorrhage comprises of 10-15% of all strokes but associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality than cerebral infraction .The ICH Score is a good prognostic tool calculated very easily, when it is used to predict 30 day morality. Objective:To determine the validity of Intracerebral hemorrhagic score in predicting prognosis (adverse outcome or death) in patients of hemorrhagic stroke.Material&Methods:This case series study was carried out at department of medicine Liaquat medical University Hospital Jamshoro and Hyderabad from June 16th 2012 to December 15th 2012.Eighty nine …

Demographic Profile And Associations Of Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients In Federal Capital Of Pakistan., Ali Zohair Nomani, Mansoor Iqbal, Faisal Bacha, Shahzad Mughal, Haris Majid Rajput, Mazhar Badshah, Rao Suhail Yasin Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Depression is quite prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. Knowing the frequency of depression in such patients and its association with different variables may be helpful in devising strategies for better and timely management of such patients in our setup. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted by recruiting 315 patients of either gender, ≥ 18 years of age with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and receiving care at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients were divided into two groups; group A: pre-dialysis and group B: dialysis (End Stage Renal Disease). Prevalence of depression in CKD and …

Primary Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma In Adults. Case Report And Review Of Literature, Usama Khalid Choudry, Saad Akhtar Khan, Amjad Qureshi, Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) classified as a low Grade (WHO II) astrocytic neoplasm. It is known for its relatively favorable prognosis. It most commonly occurs in young adults. Malignant progression in PXA has been frequently reported since its first description in 1979; however, the presentation of a primary anaplastic PXA tumor with an aggressive clinical course in adults is rare especially in the later age group.
Case description: We present a case of primary anaplastic PXA in a 53 year old male that manifested with an early recurrence pattern at 9 weeks. Treatment performed was surgical excision and external beam …

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Tentorial Haemorrhagic Infarctions In Combined Proteins Deficiency And Hyperhomocysteinemia Treated With Anticoagulation- Limited Evidence With Good Results: A Case Report, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Akbar Baig, Shahan Waheed Aga Khan University, Munawar Khursheed

Department of Emergency Medicine

We are presenting a case of a 40-year-old lady who presented with sudden loss of consciousness. Computed Tomography scan of her brain revealed the presence of blood in her sub-arachnoid space on her right hemisphere, cerebral oedema, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis later magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed extensive cerebral venous sinuses thrombosis formation associated with supra and infra-tentorial haemorrhages. Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine and deficient levels of protein S. Patient was anticoagulated with warfarin and INR was monitored. She recovered successfully with no complication of anticoagulation observed. The use of anticoagulation had a favourable outcome in our …

Application Of Pre-Participation Cardiovascular Screening Guidelines To Novice Older Runners And Endurance Athletes, Justin R. Abbatemarco, Courtney Bennett, Adrian J. Bell, Laura Dunne, Martin E. Matsumura

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objectives: Despite robust growth in participation in marathons and endurance sports among older individuals, guidance regarding pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation of these athletes is lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of currently available pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation guidelines as applied to a cohort of older novice endurance athletes.

Methods: We applied data from 1457 novice runners and endurance athletes aged 35 years and older to two pre-participation screening tools, the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Pre-Participation Questionnaire and the 2001 Working Group recommendations for pre-participation screening of masters athletes (2001 Masters).

Results: Application of the …

Progression Of Friedreich Ataxia: Quantitative Characterization Over 5 Years, Maya Patel, Charles J. Isaacs, Lauren Seyer, Karlla Brigatti, Sarah Gelbard, Cassandra Strawser, Debbie Foerster, Julianna Shinnick, Kimberly Schadt, Eppie M. Yiu, Martin B. Delatycki, Susan Perlman, George R. Wilmot, Theresa Zesiewicz, Katherine Mathews, Christopher M. Gomez, Grace Yoon, Sub H. Subramony, Alicia Brocht, Jennifer Farmer, David R. Lynch

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objective Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of adults and children. This study analyzed neurological outcomes and changes to identify predictors of progression and generate power calculations for clinical trials.

Methods Eight hundred and twelve subjects in a natural history study were evaluated annually across 12 sites using the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS), 9-Hole Peg Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk, visual acuity tests, self-reported surveys and disability scales. Cross-sectional outcomes were assessed from recent visits, and longitudinal changes were gaged over 5 years from baseline.

Results Cross-sectional outcomes correlated with measures of disease severity. Age, genetic severity (guanine-adenine-adenine …