Neurology Commons^™

Altered Dynamics Of Visual Contextual Interactions In Parkinson's Disease., M. I. Vanegas, A. Blangero, J. E. Galvin, A. Di Rocco, A. Quartarone, M. F. Ghilardi, S. P. Kelly

Journal Articles

Over the last decades, psychophysical and electrophysiological studies in patients and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), have consistently revealed a number of visual abnormalities. In particular, specific alterations of contrast sensitivity curves, electroretinogram (ERG), and visual-evoked potentials (VEP), have been attributed to dopaminergic retinal depletion. However, fundamental mechanisms of cortical visual processing, such as normalization or "gain control" computations, have not yet been examined in PD patients. Here, we measured electrophysiological indices of gain control in both space (surround suppression) and time (sensory adaptation) in PD patients based on steady-state VEP (ssVEP). Compared with controls, patients exhibited a significantly …

Ieeg-Bids, Extending The Brain Imaging Data Structure Specification To Human Intracranial Electrophysiology, C. Holdgraf, S. Appelhoff, S. Bickel, K. Bouchard, S. D'Ambrosio, O. David, O. Devinsky, B. Dichter, A. Flinker, D. Hermes, +29 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Sequencing And Curation Strategies For Identifying Candidate Glioblastoma Treatments, M. O. Frank, T. Koyama, K. Rhrissorrakrai, N. Robine, F. Utro, A. Emde, B. Chen, J. Boockvar, A. Demopoulos, R. B. Darnell, +39 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Deep Brain Stimulation: Current Challenges And Future Directions, A. M. Lozano, N. Lipsman, H. Bergman, P. Brown, S. Chabardes, J. W. Chang, K. Matthews, C. C. Mcintyre, M. Schulder, J. K. Krauss, +3 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

An Effective Method For Acute Vagus Nerve Stimulation In Experimental Inflammation, A. S. Caravaca, A. L. Gallina, L. Tarnawski, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov, Y. A. Levine, P. S. Olofsson

Journal Articles

© 2019 Caravaca, Gallina, Tarnawski, Tracey, Pavlov, Levine and Olofsson. Neural reflexes regulate inflammation and electrical activation of the vagus nerve reduces inflammation in models of inflammatory disease. These discoveries have generated an increasing interest in targeted neurostimulation as treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Data from the first clinical trials that use vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease suggest that there is a therapeutic potential of electrical VNS in diseases characterized by excessive inflammation. Accordingly, there is an interest to further explore the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of electrical VNS in a range …

Spectrotemporal Modulation Provides A Unifying Framework For Auditory Cortical Asymmetries, A. Flinker, W. K. Doyle, A. D. Mehta, O. Devinsky, D. Poeppel

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Neurogenesis In Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role Of Mfg-E8, Cletus Cheyuo, Monowar Aziz, Ping Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating medical conditions with no effective treatments. Restoration of impaired neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8) is a secretory glycoprotein that plays a wide range of cellular functions including phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, anti-inflammation, tissue regeneration, and homeostasis. The beneficial role of MFG-E8 has been shown in cerebral ischemia (stroke), neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and traumatic brain injury. In stroke, MFG-E8 promotes neural stem cell proliferation and their migration toward the ischemic brain tissues. These novel functions of MFG-E8 are primarily mediated …

The Risk Of New-Onset Epilepsy And Refractory Epilepsy In Older Adult Stroke Survivors, Jorge G. Burneo, Tresah C. Antaya, Britney N. Allen, Andrea Belisle, Salimah Z. Shariff, Gustavo Saposnik

Neuroepidemiology Research Unit Project Summaries

Research Summary: Key Findings

• Stroke is a common cause of epilepsy in older adults, but little is known about stroke-related epilepsy or its outcomes in this population.
• 1.1% of older adult stroke survivors developed epilepsy in this study, of whom 12.9% developed refractory epilepsy, indicating that this population is particularly responsive to treatment.
• Over 85% of deaths in this population are not due to stroke or epilepsy.

Follow-Up Bibliometric Analysis Of Neurosurgical Publications From Pakistan And Institutional Comparison With Other Countries Using H-Index And I-10 Index, Muhammad Waqas Saeed Baqai, Usman Tariq Siddique, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the neurosurgical research output of Pakistan and compare it with that of developed countries.
Methodology: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publically available databases for all neurosurgical publications from Pakistan. All indexed peer-reviewed publications from January 2009 to December 2014 where at least one author was affiliated with any neurosurgical departments in Pakistan and research was conducted in Pakistan were selected. Manual and electronic search was done using MeSH terms to search for articles from Pakistan. Articles were then categorized according to design, subspecialty, region, and year.
Results: Our search identified …

The Effects Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 On Cx3cl1 Shedding And Axon Retraction, Lauren A. Dobrie

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to irreversible damage, and permanent paralysis inferior to the injury is common (Leibinger et al., 2013). Injury to the spinal cord occurs in two phases. In the first phase, components of the spinal cord are subject to mechanical trauma causing direct damage. In the second phase, damage spreads from the area of injury through molecular processes. Several studies have linked M1 "pro-inflammatory" macrophages to exacerbation of damage by inducing dieback of dystrophic axons, but not healthy axons, through direct cellular contact. Several studies have identified the presence of macrophage subtypes at specific time. A …

Role Of Amyloid Precursor Protein In Neuroregeneration On An In Vitro Model In Alzheimer's Patient-Specific Cell Lines, Lina S. Bedoya Martinez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to neurodegeneration resulting in cognitive and physical impairments. AD is denoted by accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, known as tau, and extracellular plaques of the amyloid beta protein (Aβ). Aβ results from the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and gamma-secretases in the amyloidogenic pathway. Although, Aβ has been widely studied for neurodegeneration, the role of APP in both, the healthy and diseased conditions, has not yet been entirely understood. The function that APP has in neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, differentiation, and migration during adult neurogenesis has been previously studied. Additionally, …

Single-Cell Glia And Neuron Gene Expression In The Central Amygdala In Opioid Withdrawal Suggests Inflammation With Correlated Gut Dysbiosis., Sean J O'Sullivan, Evangelia Malahias, James Park, Ankita Srivastava, Beverly A S Reyes, Jon Gorky, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele, James S Schwaber

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Drug-seeking in opioid dependence is due in part to the severe negative emotion associated with the withdrawal syndrome. It is well-established that negative emotional states emerge from activity in the amygdala. More recently, gut microflora have been shown to contribute substantially to such emotions. We measured gene expression in single glia and neurons gathered from the amygdala using laser capture microdissection and simultaneously measured gut microflora in morphine-dependent and withdrawn rats to investigate drivers of negative emotion in opioid withdrawal. We found that neuroinflammatory genes, notably

Pre-Operative Voriconazole In Patients Undergoing Surgery For Central Nervous System Fungal Infections: Special Report, Ghani Haider, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Muhammad Faheem Khan, Muhammad Ehsan Bari, Ather Enam

Section of Neurosurgery

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are uncommon. Despite several advancements in diagnosis and treatment of these infections, the mortality rates remain high. The current retrospective study was planned to define the demographic and clinical features of patients with CNS fungal infections. Conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprising CNS fungal infections operated between January 2000 and December 2015. The study analysed whether a short course of pre-operative anti-fungal therapy may improve outcomes in these patients. There were 47 cases confirmed on histopathology and/or microbiology. Outcome measures used were Glasgow coma score (GCS), Glasgow outcome score …

Characterizing Whole Brain Temporal Variation Of Functional Connectivity Via Zero And First Order Derivatives Of Sliding Window Correlations., Flor A Espinoza, Victor M Vergara, Eswar Damaraju, Kyle G Henke, Ashkan Faghiri, Jessica A Turner, Aysenil A Belger, Judith M Ford, Sarah C Mcewen, Daniel H Mathalon, Bryon A Mueller, Steven G Potkin, Adrian Preda, Jatin G Vaidya, Theo G M Van Erp, Vince D Calhoun

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Brain functional connectivity has been shown to change over time during resting state fMRI experiments. Close examination of temporal changes have revealed a small set of whole-brain connectivity patterns called dynamic states. Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) studies have demonstrated that it is possible to replicate the dynamic states across several resting state experiments. However, estimation of states and their temporal dynamicity still suffers from noisy and imperfect estimations. In regular dFNC implementations, states are estimated by comparing connectivity patterns through the data without considering time, in other words only zero order changes are examined. In this work we propose …

Are There Mortality Risks For Patients With Epilepsy Who Use Cannabis Treatments As Monotherapy?, Devon M Kollmyer, Kyla E Wright, Nicole M Warner, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Mortality associated with cannabis used for treatment of epilepsy is not well documented. We discuss two fatalities in the setting of epilepsy and self-determined therapy with cannabis (SDTC). One patient had probable sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the second death was due to seizure-associated drowning. Both directed SDTC over conventional anti-seizure medications. Where recreational cannabis is legal, decisions to use cannabis are often self-directed and independent of physician advice of cannabis risks, in part because physicians may not be aware of the risk of SDTC. Further study of morbidity and mortality of SDTC in patients with epilepsy is needed.

How Might Tissue Glucose Influence Responsive Neurostimulation Detection?, Kyla E Wright, Devon M Kollmyer, Nicole M Warner, Alan M Haltiner, Ryder P Gwinn, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

An Inflammatory Landscape For Preoperative Neurologic Deficits In Glioblastoma., Amal Katrib, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Nina L Fransen, Kristin S Henzel, Jeremy A Miller

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Difficult Conversations., Alison Christy

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Down Syndrome Associated Moyamoya May Worsen Epilepsy Control And Can Benefit From Surgical Revascularization., Sarah R Garson, Stephen J Monteith, Sheila D Smith, Bart P Keogh, Ryder P Gwinn, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objectives: To examine outcome of bilateral extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgeries for a Down syndrome patient with hard-to-treat epilepsy and moyamoya.

Materials and methods: Superficial temporal arteries were anastamosed using an indirect bypass technique to middle cerebral arteries bilaterally to help limit perfusion deficits and seizure controls.

Results: Two superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery indirect bypass surgeries were performed within 3 months. Post-revascularization improvements included seizure control, gait, perfusion, wakefulness, language and quality of life.

Conclusion: In patients with Down syndrome and moyamoya, improvements in seizure control and quality of life may occur with EC-IC bypass procedures.

Regeneration Enhances Metastasis: A Novel Role For Neurovascular Signaling In Promoting Melanoma Brain Metastasis., Roshini Prakash, Sivan Izraely, Nikita S Thareja, Rex H Lee, Maya Rappaport, Riki Kawaguchi, Orit Sagi-Assif, Shlomit Ben-Menachem, Tsipi Meshel, Michal Machnicki, Shuichi Ohe, Dave S B Hoon, Giovanni Coppola, Isaac P Witz, S Thomas Carmichael

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Neural repair after stroke involves initiation of a cellular proliferative program in the form of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and molecular growth signals in the surrounding tissue elements. This cellular environment constitutes a niche in which regeneration of new blood vessels and new neurons leads to partial tissue repair after stroke. Cancer metastasis has similar proliferative cellular events in the brain and other organs. Do cancer and CNS tissue repair share similar cellular processes? In this study, we identify a novel role of the regenerative neurovascular niche induced by stroke in promoting brain melanoma metastasis through enhancing cellular interactions with surrounding niche …