Infectious Disease Commons^™

Investigating The Physiological Mechanisms Between Resistance Training And Pain Relief In The Cancer Population: A Literature Review, Yvonne Jiang, Peter C. Angeletti, Amy J. Hoffman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

This literature review examines the mechanisms of how exercise, specifically in the form of resistance training, may lead to pain relief in the cancer population. Primary data from three different cancer populations: breast, prostate, and lung, will be examined. A number of experimental studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of resistance training on pain relief as well as the biochemical pathways that relate to this process. In this review, we will examine 5 randomized controlled trials. For the purposes of this review, pain is defined as physical suffering or discomfort associated with illness. Pain is the body’s natural …

Neurotropic Manifestations As A Potential Risk Factor For Schizophrenia Following In Utero Exposure To Sars-Cov-2, Mir Ali R Talpur, Omar H. Elsayed, Rif S. El-Mallakh

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: COVID-19 infection is associated with neurologic and psychiatric morbidity that suggests a direct effect of the virus or secondary effect of an inflammatory process. These neuropsychiatric consequences may increase the likelihood of schizophrenia in the offspring of women who become infected with COVID-19 during their pregnancy.

Methods: We performed a directed narrative review of the literature focusing on the proposed pathophysiological processes that lead to schizophrenia and known pathological consequences of COVID-19 infection.

Results: Schizophrenia in adult offspring has been associated with maternal infections during pregnancy by a wide range of respiratory and neurotropic pathogens. Spikes in the incidence …

Sars‑Cov‑2 Entry Into And Evolution Within A Skilled Nursing Facility, Nicole R. Sexton, Parker Parker Cline, Emily N. Gallichotte, Emily Fitzmeyer, Michael C. Young, Ashley J. Janich, Kristy L. Pabilonia, Nicole Ehrhart, Gregory D. Ebel

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae which includes multiple human pathogens that have an outsized impact on aging populations. As a novel human pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing continuous adaptation to this new host species and there is evidence of this throughout the scientific and public literature. However, most investigations of SARS-CoV-2 evolution have focused on largescale collections of data across diverse populations and/or living environments. Here we investigate SARS-CoV-2 evolution in epidemiologically linked individuals within a single outbreak at a skilled nursing facility beginning with initial introduction of the pathogen. The data demonstrate that SARSCoV- 2 was introduced to the …

Covid-19 Proactive Disease Management Using Covid Virtual Hospital In A Rural Community, Gandhari Loomis, Regina Rhodes, Ed Bujold, Golnosh Sharafsaleh, Ellen Collett, Mark Irwin, Elizabeth W. Staton, John M. Westfall

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: A community teaching hospital serving a rural population established an intensive “hospital at home” program for patients with COVID-19 utilizing disease risk stratification and pulse oximeter readings to dictate nurse and clinician contact. Herein, we report patient outcomes and provider experiences resulting from this “virtual” approach to triaging pandemic care.

Methods: COVID-19-positive patients appropriate for outpatient management were enrolled in our COVID Virtual Hospital (CVH). Patients received pulse oximeters and instructions for home monitoring of vital signs. CVH nurses contacted the patient within 12–48 hours. The primary care provider was alerted of the patient’s diagnosis and held a virtual …

Notes From The Field: Multipathogen Respiratory Virus Testing Among Primary And Secondary School Students And Staff Members In A Large Metropolitan School District - Missouri, November 2, 2022-April 19, 2023., Jennifer Goldman, Brian R. Lee, Janelle Porter, Anila Deliu, Shannon Tilsworth, Olivia M. Almendares, Sadia Sleweon, Hannah L. Kirking, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Resistance To Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection Conferred By A Compound Ccr5Δ32 And Ccr5 C20s Heterozygote, Bashar Alkhatib, Mary Jabari, Shymaa Bilasy, Husni Abdul-Rahman, Kamal Sandhu, Stephen Lai, Ghalib Alkhatib

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We analyzed findings in a same-gender couple discordant in their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. The HIV+ partner was homozygous for CCR5 while his receptive HIV- partner was a CCR5Δ32 heterozygote with a C20S missense mutation in his CCR5 allele. The cells from the HIV- partner showed significant resistance to R5 fusion/infection and had no chemotactic response to CCL4 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1β). We demonstrated abundant CCR5-specific RNA in the HIV- partner's cells but no detectable CCR5 protein. CCR5 promoter region cloned from each partner's DNA indicated no significant impact on RNA transcription. The compound effect of CCR5Δ32 and C20S …

Outpatient Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing And Treatment Patterns In The United States: A Real-World Database Study, Rebecca Lillis, Louis Kuritzky, Zune Huynh, Rodney Arcenas, Avneet Hansra, Roma Shah, Baiyu Yang, Stephanie N. Taylor

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Because symptoms of these infections often overlap with other urogenital infections, misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment can occur unless appropriate STI diagnostic testing is performed in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to describe STI diagnostic testing and antimicrobial treatment patterns and trends among adolescent and adult men and women with lower genitourinary tract symptoms (LGUTS). Methods: We analyzed insurance claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. Patients included were between 14 and 64 years old with …

Community Centred Co-Design Methodology For Designing And Implementing Socio-Behavioural Interventions To Counter Covid-19 Related Misinformation Among Marginalized Population Living In The Squatter Settlements Of Karachi, Pakistan: A Methodology Paper, Rubina Qasim, Waqas Ahmed Farooqui, Atiya Rahman, Rukhsana Haroon, Madiha Saleem, Muhammad Rafique, Fiza Noor, Afifa Ghani, Muhammad Yaqoob, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai

Community Health Sciences

Background: Misinformation regarding COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination is damaging COVID-19 vaccine trust and acceptance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Identification of misinformation and designing locally acceptable solutions are needed to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to utilize community-led co-design methodology to evaluate misinformation regarding COVID-19 and develop contextual interventions to address misinformation in a marginalized peri urban slum communities of Landhi town Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This study was conducted between January and December 2021, in marginalized peri-urban slum dwellers of Muslimabad Colony, Landhi Town Karachi, Pakistan. We used a community-centred co-design methodology embedded within mixed study design …

Yes-Associated Protein-1 Overexpression In Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia; A Potential Diagnostic Marker And Therapeutic Target, Peter Julius, Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa, Fred Maate, Phyllis Moonga, Guobin Kang, Trevor Kaile, John T. T., Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1) is a Hippo system transcription factor, which serves as an oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma, and several solid tumors when the Hippo pathway is dysregulated. Yet, the activity of YAP-1 in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has not been determined. Here, we investigate the relationship between YAP-1 overexpression and OSSN. Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 227 OSSN patients from the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess YAP-1 protein overexpression in tumor tissue relative to surrounding benign squamous epithelium. OSSN patient samples (preinvasive, n = 62, 27% and invasive, n = …

Effectiveness Of An Electronic Health Record Embedded Evidence-Based Testing Algorithm For Clostridioides Difficile Infection., Sarah Marie Bishop

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) commonly impacts hospitalized patients with almost half a million cases reported in the United States annually. C. difficile colonization is more common than infection. Identifying true infection versus colonization is critical to avoiding inappropriate treatment, unnecessary exposure to antibiotics, and increased cost of care. Implementation of evidenced-based CDI testing criteria can help reduce inappropriate CDI testing and avoid the misidentification of colonized patients as true CDI.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based electronic health record (EHR) integrated CDI testing algorithm in reducing inappropriate CDI testing among adult …

Factors Affecting Treatment Adherence Among Leprosy Patients: Perceptions Of Healthcare Providers, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Arianna Maever Loreche, Rae Erica D. Samontina, Sarah Jane A. Abdon, David Norman L. Fuentes, Ofelia P. Saniel

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Treatment adherence is a vital aspect in the management of chronic diseases like leprosy; however, most studies on treatment adherence focus on patients. This study aims to examine the perceptions of healthcare providers on factors that can promote or prevent patients from adhering to treatment.

Methods

We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with healthcare providers who have at least one year experience in managing leprosy in three large leprosy case-holding hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines. We audio-recorded, transcribed, translated the FGD proceedings, and analyzed the transcripts thematically to identify patient-intrinsic and patient-extrinsic enablers and barriers to treatment adherence …

Nac1 Confines Virus‐Specific Memory Formation Of Cd4+ T Cells Through The Rock1‐Mediated Pathway, Liqing Wang, Hao-Yun Peng, Jugal Kishore Das, Anil Kumar, Yijie Ren, Darby J. Ballard, Xiaofang Xiong, Wen Yang, Xingcong Ren, Paul De Figueiredo, Jin-Ming Yang, Jianxun Song

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Nucleus accumbens‐associated protein 1 (NAC1), a transcriptional cofactor, has been found to play important roles in regulating regulatory T cells, CD8 + T cells, and antitumor immunity, but little is known about its effects on T‐cell memory. In this study, we found that NAC1 expression restricts memory formation of CD4 + T cells during viral infection. Analysis of CD4 + T cells from wild‐type (WT) and NAC1‐ deficient (−/−) mice showed that NAC1 is essential for T‐cell metabolism, including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and supports CD4 + T‐cell survival in vitro. We further demonstrated that a deficiency of NAC1 downregulates …

Candidemia In Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: Uncertainty In Management Based On Current International Guidelines, Supavit Chesdachai, Larry M Baddour, M Rizwan Sohail, Bharath Raj Palraj, Malini Madhavan, Hussam Tabaja, Madiha Fida, Douglas W Challener, Daniel C Desimone

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: In contrast to bloodstream infection due to a variety of bacteria in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED), there are limited data regarding candidemia and risk of CIED infection.

METHODS: All patients with candidemia and a CIED at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection was defined by (1) clinical signs of pocket site infection or (2) echocardiographic evidence of lead vegetations.

RESULTS: A total of 23 patients with candidemia had underlying CIED; 9 (39.1%) cases were community onset. None of the patients had pocket site infection. The duration between CIED …

Designing A Local Policy To Reduce Hiv In Mexico City, Mayar Al Mohajer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Joint United Nations Program on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS) has recommended 90-90-90 goals to increase the number of patients who are aware of their status, on antiretroviral therapy, and have undetectable viral loads. Mexico City has made several achievements to aid in prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment; however, the incidence of HIV has not decreased over the past decade. This article reviews global initiatives that were successful in achieving some or all these metrics and provide a road map for Mexico to reach the desired goals.

Safety Endpoints With Vadadustat Versus Darbepoetin Alfa In Patients With Non-Dialysis-Dependent Ckd: A Post Hoc Regional Analysis Of The Pro, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer, Susan Arnold, Steven K Burke, Glenn M Chertow, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Alan G Jardine, Eldrin F Lewis, Wenli Luo, Kunihiro Matsushita, Peter A Mccullough, Todd Minga, Patrick S Parfrey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Prespecified analyses of the PRO

STUDY DESIGN: Phase 3, global, open-label, randomized, active-controlled clinical trial.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-untreated patients with anemia and NDD-CKD.

INTERVENTION: Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive vadadustat or darbepoetin alfa.

OUTCOMES: The primary safety end point was time to first MACE. Secondary safety end points included time to first expanded MACE (MACE plus hospitalization for heart failure or thromboembolic event, excluding vascular access thrombosis).

RESULTS: In the non-US/non-Europe region, there was a higher proportion of patients with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level of ≤10 mL/min/1.73 m

LIMITATIONS: Different …

Steroids For The Treatment Of Viral Encephalitis: A Systematic Literature Review And Meta-Analysis, Emira Hodzic, Rodrigo Hasbun, Alejandro Granillo, Anna R Tröscher, Helga Wagner, Tim J Von Oertzen, Judith N Wagner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Specific antiviral treatment is only available for a small subset of viral encephalitis (VE). Adjunctive steroids are used, but there is scant evidence evaluating its utility. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcome of steroid use in VE.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and reported it according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Two observational studies from unpublished or partially published data were added. For the meta-analysis, we employed the metaphor package of the statistical software R-4.3.1.

Results: We screened 378 studies and included 50. 155 patients were …

Microalbuminuria In Perinatally Hiv-Infected Children And Adolescents In The United States, Roukaya Al Hammoud, Anupama Kalaskar, Gilhen Rodriguez, Gabriela Del Bianco, Cynthia Bell, James R Murphy, Gloria P Heresi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The kidney is a common target for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), making renal disease a common noninfectious complication of HIV. Microalbuminuria is an important marker that can detect early renal damage. Timely detection of microalbuminuria is important to initiate renal management and stop the progression of renal dysfunction in people with HIV. Limited data are available about renal abnormalities in people with perinatal HIV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a cohort of perinatally HIV-infected children and young adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy and investigate correlations between microalbuminuria and clinical and …

Pelvic Actinomycosis: A Case Report, Jacklyn Locklear, Rachel Gilbert, Neelima Sukhavasi, Elizabeth Sutton

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Introduction: Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by the gram positive anaerobic bacteria that most commonly infects the cervicofacial region of the body. Rarely, it can infect the pelvis and typically presents in a nonspecific manner.

Case Report: We present a case of a 43 year old female G6P6006 with Paragard® intrauterine device (IUD) who presented with purulent umbilical discharge and pelvic pain. Initial imaging was concerned for gastrointestinal or ovarian malignancy. Patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with pelvic washings and hysteroscopy D&C. Operative pathology returned with results for actinomyces (IUD likely source).

Conclusion: While it is established IUDs can be …

Adenocarcinoma Of The Transverse Colon Presenting As Anterior Abdominal Wall Abscess, Jenn Klein, Nima Avin, Sunil Gandhi

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Locally invasive colon carcinoma comprises a small fraction of the incidence of colon carcinoma. Complications, such as perforation and obstruction, can occur in less than 0.5% of cases and often present differently based on location.

Case Presentation

We present a case of an 85-year-old woman who presented with an acute abdominal wall abscess which was caused by perforation of transverse colon carcinoma.

Conclusion

En-bloc resection increases 5-year survival, and adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence in patients with stage II resectable colon carcinoma.

On The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.