Infectious Disease Commons^™

Pancytopenia And Disseminated Varicella-Zoster Virus In A Patient With T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma In Maintenance Phase Of Treatment: A Case Report, Kathryn Jordan, Paul Bryant, Clinton Carroll, Jennifer Domm

TriStar Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Informing A Care Plan For Hepatitis C Treatment On The Street, Claire Campbell

Scripps Senior Theses

This thesis aims to use community knowledge to inform clinical street treatment of Hepatitis C and to unpack the intersections of social systems within the realms of Street Medicine and healthcare for the unsheltered unhoused population. During the summer of 2023, 15 qualitative interviews were conducted with patients of the USC Keck School of Medicine Department of Street Medicine who received treatment for Hepatitis C infections. Using grounded theory analysis, participant responses were analyzed to identify key concepts and ideas from interview transcripts. Core themes fell into the following categories: how treatment affected patients’ lives, facilitators and barriers to treatment, …

Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 Seroprevalence Among Men Living With Hiv, Ashley Duff

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objectives: Individuals living with HIV are at a higher risk for developing human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). There are no methods for early detection; however, HPV16 E6 antibodies have been identified as a promising early marker. The objective of this study was to evaluate seroprevalence and predictors of HPV16 E6 seropositivity among men living with HIV.

Methods:2,334 men aged 40+ living with HIV with blood specimens banked within the Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (TN-CFAR) biorepository were evaluated using HPV multiplex serology. Seroprevalence of HPV16 antibodies was calculated for all HPV16 proteins analyzed (L1, E1, E2, E4, E6, E7). …

Guideline For Screening Of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infections In The Correctional Setting, Nahirobi J. Madrid Antunez

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Objective: This guideline project focused on creating a screening guideline for T. vaginalis that would benefit healthcare providers in a correctional healthcare setting for incarcerated females entering the facility.

Methods: A literature review was conducted. The PubMed and MEDLINE search engines, were used to obtain medical, biomedical and life sciences literature, and CINAHL for nursing and allied health resources, Governmental agency sites, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), were also explored. Guideline recommendations were extrapolated from the literature review, and then rated by, stakeholders.

Results: Several overarching themes were identified. Screening of asymptomatic women for T. …

Novel Engineering Approaches For Orthopedic Injury Treatment And Infection Diagnosis, Cynthia Co

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Bioengineering has made significant contributions to the treatment of orthopedic injury through interdisciplinary approaches. Central to these advancements are many orthopedic implants, including anchors and joint replacements, which have been designed to restore mobility. Despite their functional efficacy, these products have limited lifespan and are associated with many complications, such as implant-associated infection. The success of implant design and function, both in the short and long term, is paramount for enhancing patient outcomes and overall well-being. Therefore, my thesis work is dedicated to addressing these critical challenges, aiming to maximize their treatment effect while minimizing the implant-associated complications.

Long-term patient …

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Evidence From A Phase 3 Trial To Support Flat-Dosing Of Rifampicin For Tuberculosis, Huy X. Ngo, Ava Y. Xu, Gustavo E. Velásquez, Nan Zhang, Vincent K. Chang, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, William C. Whitworth, Erin Sizemore, Kia Bryant, Wendy Carr, Marc Weiner, Kelly E. Dooley, Melissa Engle, Susan E. Dorman, Payam Nahid, Susan Swindells, Richard E. Chaisson, Pheona Nsubuga, Madeleine Lourens, Rodney Dawson, Radojka M. Savic

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: The optimal dosing strategy for rifampicin in treating drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) is still highly debated. In the phase 3 clinical trial Study 31/ACTG 5349 (NCT02410772), all participants in the control regimen arm received 600 mg rifampicin daily as a flat dose. Here, we evaluated relationships between rifampicin exposure and efficacy and safety outcomes.

METHODS: We analyzed rifampicin concentration time profiles using population nonlinear mixed-effects models. We compared simulated rifampicin exposure from flat- and weight-banded dosing. We evaluated the effect of rifampicin exposure on stable culture conversion at 6 months; TB-related unfavorable outcomes at 9, 12, and 18 months using …

Implementing A Nurse-Driven Clostridium Difficile Screening Protocol, Sandrela Magnuson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

ABSTRACT

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a prevalent infection often contracted in hospitals. CDI is also increasingly originating from community settings. In addition to the health risks associated with CDI, diagnosis of a hospital-acquired CDI can have a significant financial impact on hospital systems. When hospital acquired, hospital systems are no longer reimbursed by payers. Secondary to the increasing prevalence of community-acquired CDI, mechanisms for early detection and isolation are warranted.

Local Problem: J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital has an integrated Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) electronic health record (EHR) screening questionnaire that requires updating to align with current guidelines.

Purpose: …

Case Report: A Nurses Experience With A Surgical Site Infection (Ssi); Lessons From The Frontlines, Anna Tabor, Rachel Tommeraasen, Joshua E Drumm

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Case Report: A Nurses Experience with a Surgical Site Infection (SSI); Lessons from the Frontlines

Objectives:

1. After reviewing this presentation participants will be able to understand the impacts an SSI can have on the life of an experienced nurse.

2. After reviewing this content participants will understand how interprofessional collaboration is key to supporting patients, reducing SSI’s, and raising awareness of this important topic.

Purpose/Aims: Postoperative wound infection is a common complication of orthopedic surgery & accounts for the highest proportion of all hospital-acquired infections, with an incidence rate of about 2.6%–7.83% (Zhu & Luo, 2023). These infections affect …

Guardians Of The Catheters, Interprofessional Collaboration Reduced Cauti Rates At Phfh, Dawn Doud, Angela Shemwell, Stephanie Brown, Tobi Bryan, Georgia Gauron, Tasha Anisimov, Peter Weitzman, Emma Peterson, Tiffanie Rampley

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Abstract Title: A Quality Improvement Project to Reduce CAUTIs on Inpatient Units

Objectives:

1. Participants will be able to understand how interprofessional collaboration contributed to CAUTI reduction on inpatient acute care units.
2. Participants will be able to understand education nurses completed to reduce CAUTI rates on inpatient acute care units.

Purpose/Aims:

To reduce CAUTI rates for adult inpatients admitted to the acute care units: Progressive Care Unit (PCU), Surgical/Orthopedics, Medical/Oncology, and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Background

An increase in CAUTI rates for adults admitted to inpatient units was identified in January of 2024. The CAUTI rate at that time was …

Using Phosphatidylethanol As An Adjunct To Self-Reported Alcohol Use Improves Identification Of Liver Fibrosis Risk, Pamela M. Murnane, Majid Afshar, Gabriel Chamie, Robert L. Cook, Tekeda Ferguson, Lamia Y. Haque, Karen R. Jacobson, Amy C. Justice, Theresa W. Kim, Mandana Khalili, Evgeny Krupitsky, Kathleen A. Mcginnis, Patricia Molina, Winnie R. Muyindike, Bronwyn Myers, Veronica L. Richards, Kaku So-Armah, Scott Stewart, Mark S. Sulkowski, Phyllis C. Tien, Judith A. Hahn

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Introduction: Accurate assessment of alcohol use informs prevention and management of liver disease. We examined whether phosphatidylethanol (PEth, an alcohol metabolite) blood concentrations are associated with liver fibrosis risk independently of self-reported alcohol use, among persons with and without HIV. Methods: We pooled individual-level data from 12 studies from the United States, Russia, Uganda, and South Africa with PEth, AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption), and FIB-4 measurements. We conducted mixed-effects logistic regression of the relationship between PEth and AUDIT-C as continuous variables (after checking linearity), with high FIB-4 ( ≥ 2.67). We divided PEth (range 0-1000) by 83.3 to …

Risk-Stratified Treatment For Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis., Vincent K. Chang, Marjorie Z. Imperial, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Gustavo E. Velásquez, Payam Nahid, Andrew Vernon, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, Susan Swindells, Richard E. Chaisson, Susan E. Dorman, John L. Johnson, Marc Weiner, Amina Jindani, Thomas Harrison, Erin E. Sizemore, William Whitworth, Wendy Carr, Kia E. Bryant, Deron Burton, Kelly E. Dooley, Melissa Engle, Pheona Nsubuga, Andreas H. Diacon, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Rodney Dawson, Radojka M. Savic, Aids Clinical Trial Group, Tuberculosis Trials Consortium

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

The Phase 3 randomized controlled trial, TBTC Study 31/ACTG A5349 (NCT02410772) demonstrated that a 4-month rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis was safe and effective. The primary efficacy outcome was 12-month tuberculosis disease free survival, while the primary safety outcome was the proportion of grade 3 or higher adverse events during the treatment period. We conducted an analysis of demographic, clinical, microbiologic, radiographic, and pharmacokinetic data and identified risk factors for unfavorable outcomes and adverse events. Among participants receiving the rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen, low rifapentine exposure is the strongest driver of tuberculosis-related unfavorable outcomes (HR 0.65 for every 100 µg∙h/mL increase, …

Pyrazinamide Safety, Efficacy, And Dosing For Treating Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Ava Y. Xu, Gustavo E. Velásquez, Nan Zhang, Vincent K. Chang, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Payam Nahid, Susan E. Dorman, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, William C. Whitworth, Erin Sizemore, Kia Bryant, Wendy Carr, Nicole E. Brown, Melissa L. Engle, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Pheona Nsubuga, Andreas Diacon, Kelly E. Dooley, Richard E. Chaisson, Susan Swindells, Radojka M. Savic

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

Optimizing pyrazinamide dosing is critical to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity during tuberculosis treatment. Study 31/AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5349 represents the largest phase 3 randomized controlled therapeutic trial to date for such an investigation. Objectives: We sought to report pyrazinamide pharmacokinetic parameters, risk factors for lower pyrazinamide exposure, and relationships between pyrazinamide exposure and efficacy and safety outcomes. We aimed to determine pyrazinamide dosing strategies that optimize risks and benefits. Methods: We analyzed pyrazinamide steady-state pharmacokinetic data using population nonlinear mixed-effects models. We evaluated the contribution of pyrazinamide exposure to long-term efficacy using parametric time-to-event models and safety …

Preferences And Feasibility Of Long-Acting Technologies For Treatment Of Hepatitis C Virus In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Survey Of Providers And Policymakers, Neil Gupta, Susan Swindells, Kimberly Scarsi, Renae Furl, David L. Thomas, Ethel D. Weld, Joelle Dountio Ofimboudem, Hailemichael Desalegn, Saeed Hamid, Alethse De La Torre Rosas, Angelica E. Miranda, Andrew Owen, Steve Rannard, Lindsey Hiebert, Katherine Sun, John W. Ward

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

Long-acting technologies (LATs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are under development as a strategy to improve linkage to care, treatment adherence and outcomes. We conducted a survey of HCV treatment prescribers and HCV policymakers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) regarding acceptability and feasibility of HCV LATs. We included one-time intramuscular injection, subdermal implant and transdermal patch as potential LAT options. We surveyed participants regarding optimal health system and patient characteristics, concerns, potential barriers, overall feasibility and preferences for HCV LAT as compared to daily oral medication. Overall, 122 providers and 50 policymakers from 42 LMICs completed the survey. Among …

Unraveling The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Staphylococcus Aureus Carriage: A Comparative Research Of Pre- And Post-Pandemic Samples, Catherine G. Johnston

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant changes in the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus carriage and disease. This study aims to assess these changes by leveraging respiratory samples collected from a longstanding cohort, comparing the genomic characteristics of S. aureus isolates from pre- and post-pandemic periods. We analyzed S. aureus genomes and phenotypically determined macrolide resistance to characterize population structure, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profiles. Changes in S. aureus carriage rates, macrolide resistance, disease occurrence, and population structure between samples collected pre- and post-pandemic were examined. By using respiratory samples, chart reviews, and risk factor questionnaires of 498 children from a …

Tagalog: Sepsis Mga Dapat Mong Malaman - Sepsis What You Need To Know, Providence

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SEPSIS Mga Dapat Mong Malaman SEPSIS What You Need to Know (Tagalog Language)

Spanish: Septicemia Todo Lo Que Necesita Saber - Sepsis What You Need To Know, Providence

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SEPTICEMIA Todo lo que necesita saber SEPSIS What You Need to Know (Spanish Language)

Vietnamese: Nhiễm Khuẩn Huyết Những Điều Cần Biết - Sepsis What You Need To Know, Providence

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NHIỄM KHUẨN HUYẾT Những Điều Cần Biết SEPSIS What You Need to Know (Vietnamese Language)

Russian: Сепсис Что Следует Знать - Sepsis What You Need To Know, Providence

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СЕПСИС Что следует знать SEPSIS What You Need to Know (Russian Language)

English: Sepsis What You Need To Know, Providence

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SEPSIS What You Need to Know (English Language)

Farsi, Persian: سپسیسآنچھ باید بدانید - Sepsis What You Need To Know, Providence

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Sepsis What You Need to Know (Farsi, Persian Language) سپسیسآنچھ باید بدانید