Gastroenterology Commons^™

The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly Of Calcium Supplementation: A Review Of Calcium Intake On Human Health., Kelvin Li, Xia-Fang Wang, Ding-You Li, Yuan-Cheng Chen, Lan-Juan Zhao, Xiao-Gang Liu, Yan-Fang Guo, Jie Shen, Xu Lin, Jeffrey Deng, Rou Zhou, Hong-Wen Deng

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Calcium is an important integrative component of the human body and critical for human health. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most serious public health problems across the world. However, community-dwelling adults with and without osteoporosis are rarely concerned or even not aware of the potential side effects of high or inappropriate doses of calcium intake. Some recent studies have revealed that excessive calcium intake might increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the health benefits, …

Subharmonic And Endoscopic Contrast Imaging Of Pancreatic Masses: A Pilot Study., Flemming Forsberg, Maria Stanczak, Andrej Lyshchik, David E. Loren, Patrick O'Kane, Ali Siddiqui, Thomas E. Kowalski, Cynthia Miller, Traci Fox, Ji-Bin Liu, John R. Eisenbrey

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To use subharmonic imaging (SHI) to depict the vascularity of pancreatic masses compared to contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and pathologic results.

METHODS: Sixteen patients scheduled for biopsy of a pancreatic mass were enrolled in an Institutional Review Board-approved study. Pulse-inversion SHI (transmitting/receiving at 2.5/1.25 MHz) was performed on a LOGIQ 9 system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) with a 4C transducer, whereas contrast harmonic EUS (transmitting/receiving at 4.7/9.4 MHz) was performed with a radial endoscope (GF-UTC180; Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) connected to a ProSound SSD α-10 scanner (Hitachi Aloka, Tokyo, Japan). Two injections of the contrast agent Definity (Lantheus Medical …

Understanding The Role Of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase And Its Function As A Driving Force Behind The Er Stress Response In Fibrostenotic Crohn’S Disease-Affected Ileal Smooth Muscle Cells, Prashant Yadav

Theses and Dissertations

Crohn’s disease (CD) affects about 780,000 people in the United States alone, and it is estimated that 6-15 per 100,000 persons will receive a diagnosis of this disease each year. There currently is no cure for Crohn’s disease, and available medical therapies simply serve to alleviate the inflammation. This does not help treat fibrostenosis that Crohn’s disease patients may develop, which can only be treated surgically. Finding alternatives to treat CD requires an understanding of mechanisms at the biochemical level. In this thesis, we attempted to gain a better understanding of certain pathways found to be active in Crohn’s disease-affected …

Multicenter, Randomized Study To Optimize Bowel For Colon Capsule Endoscopy, David Kastenberg, Wilmot C. Burch Jr, David P. Romeo, Pankaj K. Kashyap, David C. Pound, Neophytos Papageorgiou, Ignacio Fernández-Urien Sainz, Carly E. Sokach, Douglas K. Rex

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

AIM To assess the cleansing efficacy and safety of a new Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) bowel preparation regimen. METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled study comparing two CCE regimens. Subjects were asymptomatic and average risk for colorectal cancer. The second generation CCE system (PillCam^® COLON 2; Medtronic, Yoqneam, Israel) was utilized. Preparation regimens differed in the 1^st and 2^nd boosts with the Study regimen using oral sulfate solution (89 mL) with diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium solution (“diatrizoate solution”) (boost 1 = 60 mL, boost 2 = 30 mL) and the Control regimen oral sulfate …

A Gut Pathobiont Synergizes With The Microbiota To Instigate Inflammatory Disease Marked By Immunoreactivity Against Other Symbionts But Not Itself, João Carlos Gomes-Neto, Hatem Kittana, Sara Mantz, Rafael R. Segura Munoz, Robert J. Schmaltz, Laure B. Bindels, Jennifer L. Clarke, Jesse M. Hostetter, Andrew K. Benson, Jens Walter, Amanda Ramer-Tait

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are likely driven by aberrant immune responses directed against the resident microbiota. Although IBD is commonly associated with a dysbiotic microbiota enriched in putative pathobionts, the etiological agents of IBD remain unknown. Using a pathobiont-induced intestinal inflammation model and a defined bacterial community, we provide new insights into the immune-microbiota interactions during disease. In this model system, the pathobiont Helicobacter bilis instigates disease following sub-pathological dextran sulfate sodium treatment. We show that H. bilis causes mild inflammation in mono-associated mice, but severe disease in the presence of a microbiota, demonstrating synergy between the pathobiont and microbiota …

Risk Of Post-Ercp Pancreatitis In Liver Transplant Patients: Single Center Experience, Shailender Singh

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis remains the most common severe complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The exact cause of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is unclear. Regardless of the mechanism that initiates PEP, the pathways of inflammation are similar to other forms of acute pancreatitis and include the activation of various inflammatory cytokines, released from the acinar cells and subsequently from helper T lymphocytes and macrophages. Liver transplants (LTx) patients on immunosuppressive medications have impaired T-cell response and hence decreased ability to generate these cytokines. The aim of this study was to review incidence rates and risk factors of PEP in this …

Exposure To Environmental Microbiota Explains Persistent Abdominal Pain And Irritable Bowel Syndrome After A Major Flood, Nurfadhilah Yusof, Nurhazwani Hamid, Zheng Feei Ma, Rona Marie Lawenko, Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad, Deirdre Collins, Min Tze Liong, Toshitaka Odamaki, Jinzhong Xiao, Yeong Yeh Lee

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

After an environmental disaster, the affected community is at increased risk for persistent abdominal pain but mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to determine association between abdominal pain and poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) practices, and if small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and/or gut dysbiosis explain IBS, impaired quality of life (QOL), anxiety and/or depression after a major flood.

Results

New onset abdominal pain, IBS based on the Rome III criteria, WaSH practices, QOL, anxiety and/or depression, SIBO (hydrogen breath testing) and stools for metagenomic sequencing were assessed in flood victims. Of 211 participants, 37.9 % ( …

Idiopathic Colonic Varices: A Rare Cause Of Recurrent Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding., Ryan Kahl, Kruti Patel, Khalid George, Michael Piper

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

No abstract provided.

Is Oral Aloe Vera Effective In Reducing Symptoms In Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Ibs)?, Chelsey J. Gebhardt

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is oral aloe vera effective in reducing symptoms in adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptoms?”

Study Design: Systematic review of three English, randomized, controlled, double-blind studies, including one cross-over study, were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question. The studies were published in 2006, 2011, and 2015.

Data Sources: Three RCTs analyzing the effects on IBS symptoms of drinking aloe vera daily compared to a placebo drink were found using PubMed.

Outcomes Measured: Various patient-reported IBS symptom questionnaires were utilized …

Does Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Cause Clinical Remission In Patients With Ulcerative Colitis?, Amandeep Singh

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does Fecal Microbiota Transplantation cause Clinical Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis?”

Study Design: Review of three English language primary studies published in 2015.

Data Sources: Two randomized control trials and a cohort study determining if fecal microbiota transplantation does lead to clinical remission of Ulcerative Colitis were found by using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

Outcome(s) Measured: The outcomes measured in all three studies were patient oriented evidence that matters which is clinical remission. The outcomes in the Moayyedi et al. was …

Site-Specific Selection Reveals Selective Constraints And Functionality Of Tumor Somatic Mtdna Mutations., Deyang Li, Xiaohong Du, Xu Guo, Lei Zhan, Xin Li, Chun Yin, Cheng Chen, Mingkun Li, Bingshan Li, Hushan Yang, Jinliang Xing

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that tumor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are primarily shaped by relaxed negative selection, which is contradictory to the critical roles of mtDNA mutations in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that site-specific selection may influence tumor mtDNA mutations.

METHODS: To test our hypothesis, we developed the largest collection of tumor mtDNA mutations to date and evaluated how natural selection shaped mtDNA mutation patterns.

RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that both positive and negative selections acted on specific positions or functional units of tumor mtDNAs, although the landscape of these mutations was consistent with the relaxation of negative selection. …

Conference Proceedings: Aurora Scientific Day 2017

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This supplement includes select abstracts presented at the 43rd Annual Aurora Scientific Day research symposium on May 24, 2017. Aurora Scientific Day hosts a forum for original research conducted by faculty, fellows, residents, and other allied health professionals affiliated with Aurora Health Care, an integrated health system headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Fmt Placed By Colonoscopy: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nadia Huq, Veena Kumaravel, Aboud Affi, Maharaj Singh

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Background: Fecal transplants are successful in the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), but there is no consensus on the best method of instillation. Studies have shown greater success with lower gastrointestinal tract placement, but technical aspects of placement are not validated.

Purpose: This review aims to identify common traits and procedural techniques of successful fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) therapy via colonoscopy.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted using OVID Medline and PubMed for articles published from January 2010 to January 2016. The primary outcome of interest was cure by FMT placed via colonoscopy.

Results: Of the …

Multisite Evaluation Of The Bd Max Extended Enteric Bacterial Panel For Detection Of Yersinia Enterocolitica, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Vibrio, And Plesiomonas Shigelloides From Stool Specimens., Patricia J Simner, Margret Oethinger, Kathleen A Stellrecht, Dylan R Pillai, Ram Yogev, Helene Leblond, Joel Mortensen

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The purpose of this study was to perform a multisite evaluation to establish the performance characteristics of the BD Max extended enteric bacterial panel (xEBP) assay directly from unpreserved or Cary-Blair-preserved stool specimens for the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Vibrio, and Plesiomonas shigelloides The study included prospective, retrospective, and prepared contrived specimens from 6 clinical sites. BD Max xEBP results were compared to the reference method, which included standard culture techniques coupled with alternate PCR and sequencing, except for ETEC, for which the reference method was two alternate PCRs and sequencing. Alternate PCR was …

Prevalence And Risk Of Hepatitis E Virus Infection In The Hiv Population Of Nepal, Ananta Shrestha, Anurag Adhikar, Manjula Bhattarai, Ramanuj Rauniyar, Jose D. Debes, André Boonstra, Thupten K. . Lama, Mamun Al Mahtab, Amna Subhan Butt, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar

Section of Gastroenterology

Background: Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute hepatitis in endemic areas in immune-competent hosts, as well as chronic infection in immune-compromised subjects in non-endemic areas. Most studies assessing HEV infection in HIV-infected populations have been performed in developed countries that are usually affected by HEV genotype 3. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence and risk of acquiring HEV among HIV-infected individuals in Nepal.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 459 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive individuals from Nepal, an endemic country for HEV, for seroprevalence of HEV and assessed risk factors associated with HEV infection. …

A Retrospective Study Evaluating Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage Of Pancreatic Fluid Collections Using A Novel Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent On An Electrocautery Enhanced Delivery System., Douglas G. Adler, Linda Jo Taylor, Raza Hasan, Ali A. Siddiqui

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To report the safety and clinical efficacy with the novel lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) with an electrocautery enhanced delivery system for the drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs).

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with PFCs who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage using the LAMS with an electrocautery enhanced delivery system in 2 US centers.

RESULTS: Thirteen patients with PFCs (69% with walled-off necrosis [WON]) underwent drainage using the study device. Successful stent placement was accomplished in all patients. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy was carried out in all nine patients with WON complete resolution of the …

A Nationwide Study On The Prevalence Of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders In School-Children., Miguel Saps, Jairo Enrique Moreno-Gomez, Carmen Rossy Ramírez-Hernández, John M. Rosen, C A. Velasco-Benitez

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Introduction: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are highly prevalent worldwide and are thought to result from the interplay of multiple factors that can vary from region to region. Nationwide studies can help understand the regional epidemiology and the pathogenesis of FGIDs. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of FGIDs in school-children of Colombia and assess associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at twelve private and public schools in ten cities distributed through the four main geographic regions of Colombia. School-children completed a validated questionnaire to assess functional gastrointestinal disorders according to Rome III criteria. …

Retrospective Review Of Biofires Filmarray Gastrointestinal Panels Detection Of Multiple Pathogens In Adults Patients., Patrick Hickey Do, Eric Nellis Md, Anastasia Shnitser Md, Amy Slenker Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Gucy2c Maintains Intestinal Lgr5+ Stem Cells By Opposing Er Stress, Crystal Kraft, Jeff A. Rappaport, Adam E. Snook, Amanda M. Pattison, John P. Lynch, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Long-lived multipotent stem cells (ISCs) at the base of intestinal crypts adjust their phenotypes to accommodate normal maintenance and post-injury regeneration of the epithelium. Their long life, lineage plasticity, and proliferative potential underlie the necessity for tight homeostatic regulation of the ISC compartment. In that context, the guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) receptor and its paracrine ligands regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis, including proliferation, lineage commitment, and DNA damage repair. However, a role for this axis in maintaining ISCs remains unknown. Transgenic mice enabling analysis of ISCs (Lgr5-GFP) in the context of GUCY2C elimination (Gucy2c^-/-) were combined with immunodetection techniques …

Duodenal Varices: A Rare Cause Of Gastrointestinal Bleeding., Anam Malik Md, Abdul Aleem Md, Eric Nellis Md, Hiral N. Shah Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.