Gastroenterology Commons^™

Colon Cancer Screening And The Association With Colon Cancer Incidence And Mortality Rates In Ethnic Minority Groups, Jovonne Smith

Student Scholar Showcase

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a public health burden and is the second leading cause of American cancer deaths. Strides have been made in the medical community, and there has been an overall decrease in CRC rates. This decrease is primarily due to a cumulative decline in late-onset colorectal cancer diagnosis (LOCRC), defined as CRC cancer in adults over the age of 50 years. CRC continues to burden American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) and Non-Hispanic Black individuals (NHB) disproportionately. The incidence and mortality rates remain disproportionately higher than other ethnic groups, and the survival rate is lower than …

The Association Between Caffeine Intake And The Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota In Humans-A Preliminary Investigation, Annie Dai, Kristi Hoffman, Anthony A Xu, Shawn Gurwara, Donna L White, Fasiha Kanwal, Albert Jang, Hashem B El-Serag, Joseph F Petrosino, Li Jiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We examined the association between caffeine and coffee intake and the community composition and structure of colonic microbiota. A total of 34 polyp-free adults donated 97 colonic biopsies. Microbial DNA was sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The amplicon sequence variant was assigned using DADA2 and SILVA. Food consumption was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We compared the relative abundance of taxonomies by low (<82.9 mg) vs. high (≥82.9 mg) caffeine intake and by never or <2 cups vs. 2 cups vs. ≥3 cups coffee intake. False discovery rate-adjusted p values (q values) <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio and its 95% confidence interval of having a non-zero count of certain bacteria by intake level. Higher caffeine and coffee intake was related to higher alpha diversity (Shannon index p < 0.001), higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium (q values < 0.05). After adjustment of vitamin B2 in multivariate analysis, the significant inverse association between Erysipelatoclostridium count and caffeine intake remained statistically significant. Our preliminary study could not …

A Metabolic, Mechanical, Multi-Organ Masterpiece: Dural Device Support Bridge To En-Bloc Heart-Liver Transplantation In Propionic Acidemia, Rebecca Juhl, Brian Birnbaum, Aliessa P. Barnes, William Gibson, Bhargava Mullapudi, Beth Lang, Megan Faseler, Daniel E. Heble, Victoria Urban, Ryan T. Fischer, Jennifer L. Gannon, David Sutcliffe

Posters

Introduction: Propionic Acidemia (PA) is a disorder related to abnormal protein and lipid metabolism resulting in progressive neurological injury and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Interventions for PA and secondary disease manifestations can require multi-organ transplantation. Herein we report the case of a child with PA and end-stage DCM requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support with eventual heart-liver transplant. Case Report: A 17 year old male diagnosed in childhood with PA developed chronically progressive DCM culminating in end stage heart failure with acute decompensations. In a recurrent admission, he progressed to require dual inotropic support and systemic anticoagulation for new LV …

The Risk Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Entecavir Versus Tenofovir Treated Us Cohort With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus, Jennifer R Kramer, Peter A Richardson, Hyunseok Kim, Yao-Chun Hsu, Fasiha Kanwal, Hashem B El-Serag

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The comparative effectiveness of tenofovir (TDF) versus entecavir (ETV) in reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) remains unclear. Data from a retrospective Korean cohort study published by Choi et al. initially suggested lower than expected incidence of HCC in patients on long-term TDF. However, additional studies from Korea did not show a statistically significant difference in HCC incidence rate between TDF and ETV groups, and subsequent studies reported mixed results ranging from no association or a slight advantage for TDF⁴. Most of these studies examined Asian patients from Korea, Taiwan, …

Clinical Implications Of Molecular Drug Resistance Testing For Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A 2023 Tbnet/Resist-Tb Consensus Statement, José Domínguez, Martin J Boeree, Emmanuelle Cambau, Dumitru Chesov, Francesca Conradie, Vivian Cox, Keertan Dheda, Andrii Dudnyk, Maha R Farhat, Sebastien Gagneux, Martin P Grobusch, Matthias I Gröschel, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Irina Kontsevaya, Berit Lange, Frank Van Leth, Christian Lienhardt, Anna M Mandalakas, Florian P Maurer, Matthias Merker, Paolo Miotto, Barbara Molina-Moya, Florence Morel, Stefan Niemann, Nicolas Veziris, Andrew Whitelaw, Charles R Horsburgh, Christoph Lange

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a substantial health-care concern worldwide. Despite culture-based methods being considered the gold standard for drug susceptibility testing, molecular methods provide rapid information about the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. This consensus document was developed on the basis of a comprehensive literature search, by the TBnet and RESIST-TB networks, about reporting standards for the clinical use of molecular drug susceptibility testing. Review and the search for evidence included hand-searching journals and searching electronic databases. The panel identified studies that linked mutations in genomic regions of M tuberculosis with treatment outcome data. Implementation of molecular …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Beliefs About Colorectal Cancer Screening In Puerto Rico, Vivian Colón-López, Ileska M Valencia-Torres, Elsa I Ríos, Josheili Llavona, Camille Vélez-Álamo, María E Fernández

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to describe the psychosocial factors influencing participation in colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) among Puerto Rican men and women. We conducted seven focus groups in metropolitan and rural areas of Puerto Rico (PR) with men and women (using gender specific groups) aged 50 to 80 years (n = 51) who were non-adherent to CRC guidelines. The focus group guide included questions related to colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC screening knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. We analyzed data using a modified grounded theory approach to identify emergent themes. Focus groups revealed seven major themes that represented barriers …

Dietary Intake Of Total, Heme And Non-Heme Iron And The Risk Of Colorectal Cancer In A European Prospective Cohort Study, Elom K Aglago, Amanda J Cross, Elio Riboli, Veronika Fedirko, David J Hughes, Agnes Fournier, Paula Jakszyn, Heinz Freisling, Marc J Gunter, Christina C Dahm, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Cecilie Kyrø, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Joseph A Rothwell, Gianluca Severi, Verena Katzke, Bernard Srour, Matthias B Schulze, Clemens Wittenbecher, Domenico Palli, Sabina Sieri, Fabrizio Pasanisi, Rosario Tumino, Fulvio Ricceri, Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita, Jeroen W G Derksen, Guri Skeie, Torill Enget Jensen, Marko Lukic, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Pilar Amiano, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, Aurelio Barricarte, Ulrika Ericson, Bethany Van Guelpen, Keren Papier, Anika Knuppel, Corinne Casagrande, Inge Huybrechts, Alicia K Heath, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Mazda Jenab

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Iron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inconclusive.

METHODS: We examined baseline dietary questionnaire-assessed intakes of total, heme, and non-heme iron and CRC risk in the EPIC cohort. Sex-specific multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox regression. We modelled substitution of a 1 mg/day of heme iron intake with non-heme iron using the leave one-out method.

RESULTS: Of 450,105 participants (318,680 women) followed for 14.2 …

Botulinum Toxin A Use In The Gastrointestinal Tract: A Reappraisal After Three Decades, Wasay A Mohajir, Shruti Khurana, Khushboo Singh, Reubyn William Chong, Manoop S Bhutani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The discovery of botulinum toxin A (BTX)'s therapeutic properties has led to studies evaluating its usefulness in multiple medical disorders. Its use in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been studied for 30 years. Multiple databases, including PubMed, AccessMedicine, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline, were used to review research from case series to randomized controlled trials on BTX use in the GI tract. This article reviews the current literature on the efficacy of BTX and the strength of recommendations for or against its use in various disorders, including cricopharyngeal dysphagia, achalasia, nonachalasia motility disorders, gastroparesis, obesity, sphincter of Oddi disorders, …

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation Promotes Brain Maturation In Preterm Pigs, Line I Christiansen, Bo Holmqvist, Xiaoyu Pan, Kristine Holgersen, Sandy E H Lindholm, Nicole L Henriksen, Douglas G Burrin, David Ley, Thomas Thymann, Per Torp Sangild, Stanislava Pankratova

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Very preterm infants show low levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is associated with postnatal growth restriction and poor neurologic outcomes. It remains unknown whether supplemental IGF-1 may stimulate neurodevelopment in preterm neonates. Using cesarean-delivered preterm pigs as a model of preterm infants, we investigated the effects of supplemental IGF-1 on motor function and on regional and cellular brain development. Pigs were treated with 2.25 mg/kg/d recombinant human IGF-1/IGF binding protein-3 complex from birth until day 5 or 9 before the collection of brain samples for quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and quantitative PCR analyses. Brain protein synthesis was …

Admixture Mapping In African Americans Identifies New Risk Loci For Hcv-Related Cirrhosis, Hyun-Seok Kim, Priya B Shetty, Spiridon Tsavachidis, Jing Dong, Christopher I Amos, Hashem B El-Serag, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cirrhosis is the main predisposing condition for hepatocellular carcinoma. Host genetic risk factors have been reported for cirrhosis; however, whether there is a genetic contribution to racial disparities in cirrhosis requires further investigation.

METHODS: We used an affected-only mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium analysis to characterize the genetic risk of cirrhosis in 227 African American patients with cirrhosis genotyped at 19,804 ancestry-informative marker single nucleotide polymorphisms. We additionally performed analyses stratified by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection status. To replicate our findings, we conducted a case-control analysis in an external study population (452 cases and 196 controls). …

Clinical Features And Shared Mechanisms Of Chronic Gastritis And Osteoporosis, Tao Han, Yili Zhang, Baoyu Qi, Ming Chen, Kai Sun, Xiaokuan Qin, Bowen Yang, He Yin, Aili Xu, Xu Wei, Liguo Zhu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic gastritis (CG) and osteoporosis (OP) are common and occult diseases in the elderly and the relationship of these two diseases have been increasingly exposed. We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and shared mechanisms of CG patients combined with OP. In the cross-sectional study, all participants were selected from BEYOND study. The CG patients were included and classified into two groups, namely OP group and non-OP group. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate the influencing factors. Furthermore, CG and OP-related genes were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified …

Multivisceral Transplant Prognosis And Complications In Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor, Austin Mueller, Syed-Mohammed Jafri

Medical Student Research Symposium

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare subset of cancers that most commonly arise in the gastrointestinal tract, but can also arise in the pancreas, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland. When patients present with metastatic NETs, physicians have a variety of therapeutic options. Considering these options, transplant specialists are often involved due to the profound therapeutic effects of multi-organ transplantation. However, little information is available on prognosis/complications for patients that receive multi-organ transplants due to severe metastatic NETs.

With the incidence of NETs in the United States trending in an upward direction, researchers and physicians must understand the …

Acupuncture Treatment For Post-Stroke Depression: Intestinal Microbiota And Its Role, Hailun Jiang, Shizhe Deng, Jieying Zhang, Junjie Chen, Boxuan Li, Weiming Zhu, Menglong Zhang, Chao Zhang, Zhihong Meng

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke-induced depression is a common complication and an important risk factor for disability. Besides psychiatric symptoms, depressed patients may also exhibit a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, and even take gastrointestinal symptoms as the primary reason for medical treatment. It is well documented that stress may disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome in patients suffering from post-stroke depression (PSD), and that disruption of the gut microbiome is closely related to the severity of the condition in depressed patients. Therefore, maintaining the balance of intestinal microbiota can be the focus of research on the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of …

A Review Of The Cardiovascular Safety Of Prucalopride In Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation, Jan Tack, Katayoun Derakhchan, André Gabriel, William Spalding, Brian Terreri, Ashraf Youssef, Bahij Kreidieh, Peter R. Kowey, Mena Boules

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Prokinetic agents, specifically 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT 4 ) receptor agonists, have been shown to provide relief in chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). The first-generation 5-HT 4 agonists were initially withdrawn from use owing to associations with serious cardiovascular (CV) events. This review summarizes CV safety data for prucalopride, a high-affinity 5-HT 4 agonist approved in the United States in 2018 for adults with CIC. No significant effects of prucalopride on CV safety were observed in animal models or early-phase clinical studies, including a thorough QT study at therapeutic (2 mg) or supratherapeutic (10 mg) doses. Among 1,750 patients with CIC …

Performance Of Six Clinical Physiological Scoring Systems In Predicting In-Hospital Mortality In Elderly And Very Elderly Patients With Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding In Emergency Department, Po-Han Wu, Shang-Kai Hung, Chien-An Ko, Chia-Peng Chang, Cheng-Ting Hsiao, Jui-Yuan Chung, Hao-Wei Kou, Wan-Hsuan Chen, Chiao-Hsuan Hsieh, Kai-Hsiang Ku, Kai-Hsiang Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the performance of six clinical physiological-based scores, including the pre-endoscopy Rockall score, shock index (SI), age shock index (age SI), Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), in predicting in-hospital mortality in elderly and very elderly patients in the emergency department (ED) with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). Materials and Methods: Patients older than 65 years who visited the ED with a clinical diagnosis of AUGIB were enrolled prospectively from July 2016 to July 2021. The six scores were calculated …

Multifaceted Role For P53 In Pancreatic Cancer Suppression, Stephano S Mello, Brittany M Flowers, Pawel K Mazur, James J Lee, Fabian Müller, Sarah K Denny, Sofia Ferreira, Kathryn Hanson, Seung K Kim, William J Greenleaf, Laura D Wood, Laura D Attardi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The vast majority of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) harbor TP53 mutations, underscoring p53's critical role in PDAC suppression. PDAC can arise when pancreatic acinar cells undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), giving rise to premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), which finally progress to PDAC. The occurrence of TP53 mutations in late-stage PanINs has led to the idea that p53 acts to suppress malignant transformation of PanINs to PDAC. However, the cellular basis for p53 action during PDAC development has not been explored in detail. Here, we leverage a hyperactive p53 variant-p5353,54-which we previously showed is a more robust PDAC suppressor than …

Serum Bile Acids As A Prognostic Biomarker In Biliary Atresia Following Kasai Portoenterostomy, Sanjiv Harpavat, Kieran Hawthorne, Kenneth D R Setchell, Monica Narvaez Rivas, Lisa Henn, Charlotte A Beil, Saul J Karpen, Vicky L Ng, Estella M Alonso, Jorge A Bezerra, Stephen L Guthery, Simon Horslen, Kathy M Loomes, Patrick Mckiernan, John C Magee, Robert M Merion, Jean P Molleston, Philip Rosenthal, Richard J Thompson, Kasper S Wang, Ronald J Sokol, Benjamin L Shneider, Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (Children)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In biliary atresia, serum bilirubin is commonly used to predict outcomes after Kasai portoenterostomy (KP). Infants with persistently high levels invariably need liver transplant, but those achieving normalized levels have a less certain disease course. We hypothesized that serum bile acid levels could help predict outcomes in the latter group.

APPROACH AND RESULTS: Participants with biliary atresia from the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network were included if they had normalized bilirubin levels 6 months after KP and stored serum samples from the 6-month post-KP clinic visit ( n = 137). Bile acids were measured from the stored …

Risk Factors And Prognostic Significance Of Platelet Count Abnormalities In Children With Hiv Infection On Antiretroviral Therapy, Joseph Lubega, Taylor O Kim, Gladstone Airewele, Amanda Grimes, Shaun Bulsara, Erin Peckham, Sebastian R Wanless, Heather Haq, Peter Elyanu, Philippa Musoke, Mwita Lumumba, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Michael Scheurer, Jenny Despotovic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: To establish the incidence, risk factors and correlation with survival of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis (T/T) among children with HIV infection (CWH).

DESIGN: A retrospective nested case control study of patients 0-18 years in five Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) centers in sub-Sahara Africa, 2004-2014.

METHODS: Clinical and laboratory variables including complete blood counts (CBC) were extracted from the BIPAI electronic medical record system. Incident cases of T/T were identified and frequency-matched on follow-up time with controls with normal platelets. We calculated the prevalence and incidence density of T/T and used conditional logistic regression to evaluate their association with …

Fine Needle Aspiration Of Pancreatic Lesions Focusing On Secondary Tumors With Emphasis Of Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study With Follow-Up, Maria Yanqing Chen, Neda Zarrin-Khameh, Ya Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The data on metastatic tumors to the pancreas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is limited. We report our experience of FNA of primary and secondary pancreatic tumors emphasizing metastatic breast cancer in the pancreas.

METHOD: Total 274 cases of pancreatic FNA in 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Literature review of metastatic breast cancers to the pancreas was performed.

RESULTS: Out of the 274 cases, 7 (7/274, 2.6%) cases were non-diagnostic, 46 (46/274, 16.8%) cases were negative for malignancy, and 40 (40/274, 14.6%) cases were under the category of atypical cells. There were 133 (133/274, 48.5%) cases diagnosed …

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Secretion And Function In Perinatal Development, Caitlin Vonderohe, Gregory Guthrie, Douglas G Burrin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Limited work has focused on fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) secretion and function in the perinatal period. FGF19 is a potent growth factor that coordinates development of the brain, eye, inner ear, and skeletal system in the embryo, but after birth, FGF19 transitions to be an endocrine regulator of the classic pathway of hepatic bile acid synthesis. FGF19 has emerged as a mediator of metabolism and bile acid synthesis in aged animals and adults in the context of liver disease and metabolic dysfunction. FGF19 has also been shown to have systemic insulin-sensitizing and skeletal muscle hypertrophic effects when induced or supplemented …