Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons^™

Anxiety And Depression Among Outpatients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Multi-Centre Study Of Prevalence And Associated Factors., Ali Khan Khuwaja, Saima Lalani, Raheem Dhanani, Iqbal Syed Azam, Ghazala Rafique, Franklin White

Department of Family Medicine

Background: Anxiety and depression contribute to poor disease outcomes among individuals with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to identify their associated factors including metabolic components among people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, multi-center study in four out-Patient clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. In all, 889 adults with type-2 diabetes were included in this study. Anxiety and depression were measured by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of various factors associated with anxiety and …

Self-Glucose Monitoring And Glycaemic Control At A Tertiary Care University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Khurshid Khowaja, Humaira Waheed

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) levels and improved glycemic control (HbA1c level) among type 2 diabetic patients, receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin, and to ascertain the factors influencing SMBG.

METHOD: Using Comparative cross sectional study design five hundred Type 2 diabetes patients through convenient sampling between 30-70 years were interviewed through a structured questionnaire in year 2006 and 2007 at AKUH Ambulatory setting. These 500 subjects were divided as 250 in case (doing SMBG) and 250 in control (not doing SMBG) groups.

RESULTS: We identified that HbA1c value was maintained at good …

Imminent Epidemic Of Diabetes Mellitus In Pakistan: Issues And Challenges For Health Care Providers, Waris Qidwai, Tabinda Ashfaq

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ricin B Chain-Insulin Fusion Protein Immunomodulation Of Type 1 Diabetes, James Edward Carter Iii

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease of the insulin-producing pancreatic islet β-cells that results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Attempts to suppress Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases such as T1D by mucosal delivery of autoantigens for immunotolerization have yielded only partial success. Attainment of satisfactory levels of sustained immunological tolerance remains to be accomplished. To restore self-tolerance requires delivery of sufficient amounts of autoantigen to stimulate regulatory T helper cells that function to survey the gut and induce tolerance to consumed antigens such as food. Oral delivery of autoantigens has previously been shown to …

Basal Insulin Requirements On Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion During The First 12 Months After Diagnosis Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus., Neesha Ramchandani, Mary Kristine Ellis, Shobhit Jain, Sonal Bhandari, Henry Anhalt, Noel K. Maclaren, Svetlana Ten

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: While the endogenous first-phase insulin response has disappeared by the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), anecdotal evidence suggests that these patients can continue to have a second-phase insulin response during the first 12 months after diagnosis. We hypothesized that patients who are started on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) at the time of diagnosis of T1DM would have a lower basal insulin requirement than the 40-60% usually expected.

METHODS: We analyzed 38 patients with T1DM, age 9.9 +/- 6.4 years, 71% male, who were started on CSII within the first month of diagnosis.

RESULTS: Average …

Optimal Bone Strength And Mineralization Requires The Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase In Osteoblasts, J. H. D. Bassett, Alan Boyde, Peter G. T. Howell, Richard H. Bassett, Thomas M. Galliford, Marta Archanco, Holly Evans, Michelle A. Lawson, Peter Croucher, Donald L. St. Germain, Valerie A. Galton, Graham R. Williams

Dartmouth Scholarship

Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are each associated with an increased risk of fracture. Although thyroxine (T4) is the predominant circulating thyroid hormone, target cell responses are determined by local intracellular availability of the active hormone 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), which is generated from T4 by the type 2 deiodinase enzyme (D2). To investigate the role of locally produced T3 in bone, we characterized mice deficient in D2 (D2KO) in which the serum T3 level is normal. Bones from adult D2KO mice have reduced toughness and are brittle, displaying an increased susceptibility to fracture. This phenotype is characterized by a 50% reduction in bone …

Type 1 Diabetes Associated With Pegylated Interferon/Ribavirin Therapy In Chronic Hepatitis C, Ankush Sharma Md, Joseph L. Yozviak Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Antioxidant Rich Grape Pomace Extract Suppresses Postprandial Hyperglycemia In Diabetic Mice By Specifically Inhibiting Alpha-Glucosidase, Shelly Hogan, Lei Zhang, Jianrong Li, Shi Sun, Corene Canning, Kequan Zhou

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Postprandial hyperglycemia is an early defect of type 2 diabetes and one of primary anti-diabetic targets. Treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia can be achieved by inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase, the key enzyme for oligosaccharide digestion and further glucose absorption. Grape pomace is winemaking byproduct rich in bioactive food compounds such as phenolic antioxidants. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of two specific grape pomace extracts by determining their antioxidant and anti-postprandial hyperglycemic activities in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The extracts of red wine grape pomace (Cabernet Franc) and white wine grape pomace (Chardonnay) were prepared in 80% ethanol. An …

Exercise And Type 2 Diabetes: The American College Of Sports Medicine And The American Diabetes Association: Joint Position Statement, Sheri R. Colberg, Ronald J. Sigal, Bo Fernhall, Judith G. Regensteiner, Bryan J. Blissmer, Richard R. Rubin, Lisa Chasen-Taber, Ann L. Albrigjht, Barry Braun

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower type 2 diabetes risk by up …

A Doppler-Based Evaluation Of Peripheral Lower Limb Arterial Insufficiency In Diabetes Mellitus, Riffat Shaheen, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

Objective: To determine the frequency, level and flow patterns of lower limb arterial insufficiency in diabetic patients on Doppler ultrasound study.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from February 2007 to September 2008.
Methodology: One hundred adult diabetic patients with suspected peripheral vascular insufficiency irrespective of gender were included. Demographic data, presenting complaints, treatment history, and level of HbA1c were recorded. Doppler evaluated arterial status and ankle brachial index (ABI) were recorded on proforma. Statical analysis were done on SPSS version 12.
Results: The mean HbA1c was 8.4 ± 1.4gm/dl, a majority …

A Specific Regulatory Role For Sgtα On The Maturation And Activation Of Steroid Hormone Receptors, Atanu Paul

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. These receptors regulate various physiological functions in higher ordered eukaryotes. In the absence of hormone these receptors form a complex with molecular chaperones such as Hsp90 and Hsp70 and other cochaperones in the cytoplasm. Association with the Hsp90-Hsp70 chaperone machinery leads to the maturation of the Ligand Binding Domain (LBD) of the receptors and enables the receptors to bind hormone with high affinity. Upon binding with a specific hormone the receptors are translocated into the nucleus where they initiate transcription of specific genes. Although the involvement …

Aerobic Training Increases Skin Perfusion By A Nitric Oxide Mechanism In Type 2 Diabetes, Sheri R. Colberg, Laura C. Hill, Henri K. Parson, Kathleen S. Thomas, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

It is well known that a number of locally released vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive compounds can affect skin perfusion. This study investigated the effects of aerobic training on the contribution of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PG), and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in stimulated dorsal foot skin perfusion in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Ten previously sedentary, older individuals with T2DM (57.0 ± 3.1 years) and nine sedentary controls (53.5 ± 3.2 years) were tested before and after undertaking six months of moderate aerobic training three times weekly in a supervised setting. All subjects underwent measurement of baseline (32°C) and heat-stimulated …

Improving Quality Care Goals Through Diabetes Collaborative Rounds On An Exemplary Care And Learning Site, Stacey Smith Md, Facp, Marc Shalaby Md, Facp, Joyce Najarian Msn, Rn, Cde, Gretchen A. Perilli Md, Krista Casey Mba

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.