Cardiology Commons^™

Hydatid Cyst In The Right Ventricle Leading To Tricuspid Stenosis And Heart Failure: A Case Report, Muhammad Sheraz Hameed, Syed Rafay Hussain Zaidi, Shafaq Saleem, Muhammad Ahsan, Sarah Rahman, Azeen Razzaq, Ali Iqbal, Muhammad Sohaib Alvi, Muhammad Usama Naveed

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Cystic hydatid infection is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus, most commonly involving the liver and lungs. Cardiac involvement is rare, accounting for less than 2% of cases, with the left ventricle being the most commonly affected site. Involvement of the right ventricle is extremely uncommon and may lead to life-threatening complications such as tricuspid valve obstruction and hemodynamic compromise.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of a 42-year-old patient who presented to the emergency department with exertional dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, syncope, peripheral edema, and signs of right-sided heart failure. The patient …

Outcome And Clinical Characteristics Of Diaphragm Dysfunction After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: From Detection To Plication, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Bokir, Haifa Almuhanna, Abdulaziz Alanazi, Zehra Alabbas, Reem Beheri, Yasser Abdulrhman Alheraish, Khaled Alarwan

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background:

Diaphragm paralysis (DP) due to phrenic nerve injury is a rare but serious complication of pediatric cardiac surgery (0.3–5% of cases). It presents as an extubation failure or difficulty weaning from ventilation. Early recognition and management are essential.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristic and outcome of diaphragm paralysis after heart surgery in children.

Methods:

A retrospective single-center review (2019–2024) was conducted of ultrasound-confirmed DP case. Demographics, surgical details, ventilatory course, interventions, and outcomes were analyzed. Partial and complete DP were compared using multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors.

Results:

Out of 2,280 surgeries, 108 …

High Procedural Success And Functional Improvement After Transcatheter Edge-To-Edge Repair: Insights From A Single-Center Registry, Gongkai Liu, Saad Masud, Taylor Triana, Jorge Alvarez, Daniel Donovan, Jose Fernando Triana

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Utility Of Right Ventricular Mass Ratios In Recipients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A United Network For Organ-Sharing Database Analysis, Matthew P. Weber, Danial Ahmad, Howard J. Eisen, Eugene Storozynsky, René J. Alvarez, J. Eduardo Rame, Keshava Rajagopal, John W. Entwistle, Charles Hoopes, Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: There is a lack of data reviewing the role of predicted cardiac mass ratio (PCMR) in transplant recipients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). In particular, the right ventricular (RV) mass ratio (RVMR) is a component of PCMR not yet studied separately for this purpose. We aimed to review the relationship of PCMR and RVMR with PH in terms of post-transplant overall survival.

METHODS: The United Network for Organ-Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for primary heart transplant (HTx) patients from 2004 to 2023. Predicted RVMR was calculated for donors and recipients. A parsimonious multivariable model Cox model was formed for risk …

Late Presentation Of Shone’S Complex With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Refal Mahrouqi, Asayil Almarjan, Ahmed Sultan, Sheeren Khaled, Elnazeer O Ahmed

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background:

Shone’s complex is a rare CHD, often including supravalvular mitral ring, parachute MV, subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Variants of this complex have been reported with considerable anatomical and clinical heterogeneity.

Case Presentation:

a 14-year-old girl with severe cachexia (BMI 12.37) and cardiac failure, referred for CHD evaluation. Echocardiography and CT revealed a bicuspid AV, severe valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosis, subaortic membrane, muscle ridge causing LVOT obstruction, dilated LV with EF 25–30%, and VSD.

Intervention:

MV replacement, Konno procedure with LVOT and annular enlargement, AV replacement, and TV repair. She had an uneventful ICU course

What Is New In Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support In 2024-2025?, Maya Guglin

The VAD Journal

This review covers the most interesting publications on temporary mechanical circulatory support in 2024-2025. We include the latest research on intra-aortic balloon pumps, Impella devices, and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Hemodialysis Access-Related High-Output Heart Failure: From Mechanisms To Multidisciplinary Management, Chukwuemezie Mamanu, Estefania Oliveros, Yevgeniy Brailovsky

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

The 2025 Accra Declaration On Upskilling And Cost- Effective Cardiac Surgery In Africa, Charles Yankah, Jonathan Nwiloh, Carlos Mestres, Abdelmalek Bouzid, Tom Mwambu, Andrew Duncan, Mohamed Debieche, Samuel Omokhodion, Uvie Onakpoya, Matthias Angres

General Surgery, East Africa

The Pan-African Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery (PASCaTS) organized the 1st Pan-African Cardiothoracic Surgery Summit on 21 to 24 February 2025 in Accra, Ghana. The summit brought together leading specialists from across Africa, China, Europe, South America and the USA to address the growing burden of cardiovascular disease, to share their vision for the fight against cardiovascular disease, to raise standards in the diagnosis, treatment and recovery of patients thereby improving procedural safety and clinical outcomes in Africa. The experts agreed on the need for cost effectiveness in cardiac surgery, simulation skills training, an African regional cardiothoracic surgery database, African heart …

Leadless Pacing And The Emerging Era Of Combined Procedures In Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Srikant Das, Brock A Karolcik, Taylor S Howard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Protocol For Non-Invasive Assessment Of Skeletal Muscle Structure And Function In Adolescents With Single Ventricle Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study., Tyler A. Fick, Trent J. Herda, Emily Cramer, David A. White, Daniel Forsha

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation, and the most severe type, single ventricle (SV) heart disease, requires the Fontan surgical palliation. Fontan palliation minimizes hypoxemia and volume overload by separating systemic and pulmonary circulations, resulting in the absence of a sub-pulmonary pump. Skeletal muscle health may have a greater relative contribution to overall functional capacity of those with SV physiology, via the skeletal muscle (SkM) pump mechanism and oxidative capacity. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate multiple domains of SkM in this population compared to those with normal cardiac anatomy.

METHODS: Forty …

Same Day Discharge Can Be Performed Safely After Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation Using A Wide-Footprint Lattice-Tip Dual-Energy System., Tyler L Taigen, Devi G Nair, Dinesh Sharma, Erich L Kiehl, Jose Osorio, Petr Neuzil, Josef Kautzner, Stavros E Mountantonakis, Andrea Natale, John D Hummel, Shephal K Doshi, Anish K Amin, Usman R Siddiqui, Kelly A Van Bragt, Jeffrey Cerkvenik, Khaldoun G Tarakji, Vivek Y Reddy, Moussa Mansour, Elad Anter

Heart and Vascular Articles

BACKGROUND: Same-day discharge (SDD) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is generally considered safe, since most complications are identified during (or immediately) after the procedure.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate SDD in the SPHERE Persistent-Atrial Fibrillation trial.

METHODS: Patients with persistent AF were randomized to the dual-energy lattice-tip mapping and ablation catheter (investigational) vs a conventional contact-force radiofrequency ablation system (control). SDD and timing of 30-day procedure- or device-related serious adverse events (SAEs) were assessed in the full cohort. In a subset of centers that performed SDD in the trial, predictors of SDD, 30-day readmissions, and mortality rates were assessed. …

Cardiac Medication Use In Action For Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy., Carol A. Wittlieb-Weber, Brian Birnbaum, Chesney D. Castleberry, Tyler W. Cunningham, Paul Esteso, Katheryn E. Gambetta, Emily A. Hayes, Daphne T. Hsu, Beth D. Kaufman, Benjamin Kroslowitz, Ashwin K. Lal, Angela Lorts, Hugo Martinez, Deepa Mokshagundam, Deipanjan Nandi, John J. Parent, Frank Raucci, Nelia Soares, Jonathan H. Soslow, Renata Shih, Svetlana Shugh, Chet R. Villa, Sarah J. Wilkens, Bethany L. Wisotzkey, Jennifer Conway

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

This study seeks to understand cardiac medication use in a large cohort of males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) followed prospectively with focus on current practices and adherence to consensus directed medical therapy (CDMT). DMD patients have been enrolled in the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) Dystrophinopathy Registry since 2021. Cardiac medication use was analyzed at enrollment and most recent follow-up. CDMT was defined as concurrent use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) /angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) plus beta-blocker (BB) plus mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). Two hundred sixty-five males with DMD (median age 17.5 (IQR 14.5-21.5) …

Sequential Presentation Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Acute Ischemic Stroke, And St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report, Ichlasul Mahdi Fardhani, Putu Aditya Darmawan Kuntadi, Hammam Arif Shabri, Muhammad Isra Rafidin Rayyan, Zarrah Yuniar Qolbi Harris, Tristi Lukita Wening, Azham Purwandhono

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI), the simultaneous occurrence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a rare and life-threatening emergency. Management becomes even more challenging when accompanied by metabolic complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We report a case of a 45-year-old man with hypertension and a chronic smoking history, found unresponsive with right-sided hemiparesis. He was last seen well six hours before arrival. On examination, he was hypertensive, tachypneic, had a ketotic breath odor, GCS 12, and NIHSS 15. Laboratory results confirmed DKA, with a random blood glucose of 412 mg/dL and metabolic acidosis. Non-contrast brain CT revealed …

Superior Mediastinal Cut-Off Measurements In Chest Radiographs For Screening Of Silent Thoracic Aortic Diseases, Kantheera Leesmidt, Boonyarit Sintuvikaiwong, Apichaya Sripariwuth

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective: To determine cut-off values for superior mediastinal width and the mediastinal width-to-thoracic cage ratio from chest radiographs for the early detection of unrecognized thoracic aortic diseases. Additionally, this study aims to enhance diagnostic strategies for identifying aortic abnormalities.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included 152 subjects who underwent both computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the thoracic aorta and chest radiograph between April 2007 and January 2021. Superior mediastinal width was measured at 3 levels on chest radiographs. Thoracic CTA findings were categorized into normal and abnormal groups, the latter comprising aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic …

Faktor Risiko Perdarahan Gastrointestinal Pada Pasien Dengan Sindrom Koroner Akut: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis, Assyadilla Kirana Setyobudi, Amie Vidyani, Jonathan Christianto Sutadji, Lady Aqnes Kurniawati, Kevin Fernando Suhardi

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a serious but potentially preventable condition. Its symptoms include hematemesis, hematochezia, and melena. Risk factors for GIB include medications such as antiplatelets and anticoagulants, which are standard treatments for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). GIB is strongly associated with ACS and represents the most common bleeding complication in these patients. This study aimed to systematically review the factors contributing to GIB in patients with ACS.

Methods. Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and EBSCO databases, covering studies on GIB risk factors in ACS patients published between March 31, 2003, and March 31, …

Free Versus In Situ Right Internal Mammary Artery As A Conduit In Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Meta-Analysis, Yuta Kikuchi, Tomoki Sakata, Tomonari Shimoda, Shinichi Fukuhara, Junichi Shimamura, Makoto Hibino, Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Hiroo Takayama, Hisato Takagi, Michel Pompeu Sa, Toshiki Kuno

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: There is debate regarding the optimal choice for a second conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting. The right internal mammary artery (RIMA) is commonly employed as a second conduit; however, it is unclear whether the free (fRIMA) or in situ (isRIMA) configuration yields superior outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare clinical outcomes between fRIMA and isRIMA as the second conduit.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and CENTRAL was performed through May 2025 to identify studies comparing outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with either fRIMA or isRIMA as a second …

2025 Novel Drug Approvals, Katherine Ghattas Pharmd, Amanda Rawa Pharmd

Transformative Medicine

The year 2025 marked another strong chapter in pharmaceutical innovation, with multiple novel therapies gaining approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These approvals reflect continued progress in addressing unmet medical needs across a wide range of disease states. This article reviews the FDA’s 2025 novel drug approvals, spotlighting a few therapeutic advancements and emerging trends. A comprehensive table of all approved agents is provided, along with a focused discussion of four particularly impactful therapies: donidalorsen (Dawnzera), taletrectinib (Ibtrozi), delgocitinib (Anzupgo), gepotidacin (Blujepa), etripamil (Cardamyst). Each of these agents represents a step forward in its respective field and …

The Forgotten Ecg Clues Of Pulmonary Embolism, Badri Aryal, Devi Parvathy Jyothi Ramachandran Nair

Transformative Medicine

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Radial Artery Anatomy With Various Anatomical Variants In Patients Undergoing Transradial Catheterization, Nisarg Desai, Sharadkumar Jain, Kunal Parwani, Pooja Vyas, Yaqub Sidatar

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence of radial artery anomalies in a large cohort of patients undergoing TRA and to evaluate their specific impact as predictors of procedural failure and access site complications.

Methods: This prospective, observational, single-center study enrolled 1000 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography or intervention via TRA between 2022 and 2024. Radial artery anatomy was assessed using retrograde radial arteriography immediately following sheath insertion. Anatomical variants were categorized into high bifurcation (origin proximal to the cubital fossa), Radial artery loops (full 360-degree curvature), Tortuosity (curve of more than 45 degrees in the vessel), Narrow calliber, …

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Cardiac Point-Of-Care Ultrasound: A Prospective Single-Arm Study, Lior Fisher, Michael Fiman, Yuval Yarkoni, Ella Segal, Boris Fishman, Kobi Faierstein, Noa Rubin, Adiel Am-Shalom, Howard Amital, Qiong Zhao, Smadar Kort, Praveen Mehrotra, Ehud Schwammenthal, Robert Klempfner, Eyal Zimlichman, Ehud Raanani, Elad Maor

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical utility of combining artificial intelligence (AI) with handheld focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) performed by noncardiologist physicians in clinical care settings.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, single-arm study conducted from July 1, 2022, through December 31, 2023 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05455541), 660 adult patients presenting to the emergency department or internal medicine wards were assessed with handheld ultrasound devices enhanced by AI algorithms. These algorithms provided automated analysis of ventricular function, valvular disease, pericardial effusion, and inferior vena cava size. Participating physicians received focused training and performed examinations either in response to clinical suspicion or as part …