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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Diffusion Of Volksmarching In The United States, Anita Joan Wepfer Mar 2025

The Diffusion Of Volksmarching In The United States, Anita Joan Wepfer

The Geographical Bulletin

I am indebted to the following persons for their invaluable assistance in collecting data for this paper: 1) Mr. James P. Buchanan, president of the Duluth (MN) Volkssport Association, without whose aid this project never would have begun; 2) Dr. David Toth, past president of the American Volkssport Association; 3) Mr. Carol Coffee, current president of the AVA; 4) Lt. C. Leon Childers, Executive Director of the AVA; 5) Mr. James Busbee of the Double Eagle Wanderers of Albuquerque, NM; Mr. Allison John Stafford, president of the Virginia Volkssport Association; and Mr. John M. Gaustad of The Jim Bowie Wanderers …

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A Numeric Classification Of Climate, Mark R. Cox Mar 2025

A Numeric Classification Of Climate, Mark R. Cox

The Geographical Bulletin

As one endeavors to create a system of categorizing different climatic types, he soon discovers that it is not an easy process. There are many factors and elements of climate which must be considered. The world also has an infinite number of unique climates that change through time. There are no abrupt changes from one climatic province to another as one might think by looking at a climate map. Each zone gradually meshes into the next adjoining zone, and the real difficulty lies in trying to determine an appropriate point to plot a division line. There are several important methods …

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A Student's Assessment Of The Employment Future For Geographers, Joseph A. Stevens Mar 2025

A Student's Assessment Of The Employment Future For Geographers, Joseph A. Stevens

The Geographical Bulletin

A young undergraduate returns home for Thanksgiving dinner during the Fall of his senior year. The house is full of relatives. Aunts, uncles, and cousins are gathered around the table. A voice from the other end of the table towers over the dull roar of the small crowd. "SO John, tell me, what are you studying to be in school?" John slowly looks up from his plate and replies, "I'm studying geography." "Geography," his uncle exclaimed. "What do you plan on doing with that, teach the names of all the capitals?" "I'm not sure just now. I might keep going …

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Cover And Forewords, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

Cover And Forewords, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

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Volume 26 Complete Issue, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

Volume 26 Complete Issue, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 26 Complete Issue

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News From The Chapters 1983-1984, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

News From The Chapters 1983-1984, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

News from the Chapters 1983-1984

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Just Scratching The Surface-Geographers And The Mining West, Rand E. Rohe Mar 2025

Just Scratching The Surface-Geographers And The Mining West, Rand E. Rohe

The Geographical Bulletin

Research for a doctoral dissertation on Western mining disclosed an enormous body of literature on the subject, a paucity of works by geographers, and an almost unlimited potential for such studies.' Most existing studies present and examine facts in their historical context with little or no attention to geographical interpretation.2 Yet, such analysis is essential to a full understanding of the significance of mining. Without geographic studies of mining, its perspective in the development of the West remains vague and its enduring significance to the present uncertain. While hundreds of works exist on the various gold and silver rushes, few …

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The Syrian Tabqa Dam: Its Development And Impact, Monib Ei-Khatib Mar 2025

The Syrian Tabqa Dam: Its Development And Impact, Monib Ei-Khatib

The Geographical Bulletin

The Euphrates River has its sources in eastern Turkey's Anatolian Plateau and extends 3,000 kilometers through Syria and Iraq before it discharges into the river's delta at Shat AI-Arab in the Arabian Gulf. It is an exotic river, a center of past civilization and population, and a managed river with an extensive delta. It floods in early summer but its flooded area dries-out very quickly in the semiarid climate. The Euphrates River can maintain an annual flow throughout its course because of relatively high rainfall and snow-melt at higher elevations. Utilization of its drainage basin has been intensified from its …

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A Primer In Scientific Geographic Research Terminology: Implications For Teaching Geography Majors, Sharafat Khan Mar 2025

A Primer In Scientific Geographic Research Terminology: Implications For Teaching Geography Majors, Sharafat Khan

The Geographical Bulletin

The major purpose of this paper is to (1) focus on the meaning of geographic research and (2) identify and elaborate upon the basic terms utilized within geographic research literature. Geographic research is the critical objective study, investigation and explanation of specific cultural and physical phenomenon. Transportation planners, economic planners, military personnel and others are heavily dependent upon geographic research to provide pertinent data they need to make tactical and strategic decisions. Specifically, geographic research is utilized in many diverse academic and non-academic organizations and agencies. As more data become available about the world, there will be more demand for …

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Land Use Related Adjustments To Aquifer Depletion In Southwestern Kansas, M. Duane Nellis Mar 2025

Land Use Related Adjustments To Aquifer Depletion In Southwestern Kansas, M. Duane Nellis

The Geographical Bulletin

From prairie to wheat field, the historical transformation of the Kansas landscape has been dramatic. The contributions to this transformation have been based on many factors including new grain varieties, irrigation technology, and other resource converting-space adjusting techniques. In Western Kansas in particular, with inadequate precipitation (14 to 16 inches average from AprilSeptember) for high yield intensive cropland agriculture, the structure of land transformation has been strongly influenced by the availability of water for irrigation. Since surface sources are negligible, groundwater from the Ogallala Aquifer is the critical source for irrigation water. With the dramatic increase in land area irrigated …

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New Opportunities In Historical Geography: Guest Editorial, Marshall Mclennan Mar 2025

New Opportunities In Historical Geography: Guest Editorial, Marshall Mclennan

The Geographical Bulletin

Traditionally universities and colleges have served as the employer of opportunity for aspiring geographers. The "baby boom generation" has graduated from the nation's universities, however, and its offspring won't make a significant numerical impact upon the hallowed halls of higher academia until late in the next decade. Demographics have dictated a contraction of the traditional employment market, and it behooves today's geography students to seek other outlets for useful application of the geographer's set of expertises. Alternative employment opportunities have proven particularly hard to come by for aspiring cultural and historical geographers. Consequently, the Department of Geography & Geology at …

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Cover And Forewords, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

Cover And Forewords, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

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News From The Chapters 1983-84, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

News From The Chapters 1983-84, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

News from the Chapters 1983-84

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Volume 27 Complete Issue, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

Volume 27 Complete Issue, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 27 Complete Issue

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An Historical Perspective Of The Growth And Development Of Canada's Petroleum Industry: 1946-1970, Elwood J. C. Kureth Mar 2025

An Historical Perspective Of The Growth And Development Of Canada's Petroleum Industry: 1946-1970, Elwood J. C. Kureth

The Geographical Bulletin

Prior to 1947, 85% of Canada's crude oil requirements were met by importing oil from foreign sources. Most of this oil came from the United States and Venezuela. The oil from the United States entered Canada by means of pipe lines to the Sarnia and Montreal areas while that shipped into the prairie provinces arrived by railroad tank car. Canada's coastal refineries, in the Maritimes and in British Columbia, received their oil by way of tankers. In all, domestic oil production in Canada in 1946 amounted to only 21,000 barrels per day, while imports exceeded 200,000 barrels per day.' This …

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Mental Maps Of Language Distribution In Rio Grande Do Sui (Brazil), Denni R. Preston Mar 2025

Mental Maps Of Language Distribution In Rio Grande Do Sui (Brazil), Denni R. Preston

The Geographical Bulletin

Preston, 1982 used informant-drawn maps to show young, well-educated Hawaiians' perceptions of language differences in the United States. Figure 4 displays one informant's response to the request to outline and label areas where people " speak differently." Figure 5 shows the technique (similar to the "bundling of isoglosses" in traditional dialect geography) which permits a composite (Figure 6) to be created.

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The Nowruz Oil Spill In The Arabian Gulf: Case Study Of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah S. Ai-Amirah Mar 2025

The Nowruz Oil Spill In The Arabian Gulf: Case Study Of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah S. Ai-Amirah

The Geographical Bulletin

The Arabian Gulf has suffered from hundreds of oil spills, some of them reported but most unreported. In many cases the amounts of the spills and their causes are usually undetermined. During 1978-1979, tanker captains reported to the Japan Oceanographic Data Center about 412 oil slicks in the Gulf and its approaches.' Table 1 shows major oil spills exceeding 3,000 barrels which occurred between August, 1980, and August, 1982. Although these are relatively current, it should be noted that other significant oil spills have occurred since oil was discovered in the region by Iran in 1908.

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Landslides Along The Lewis Overthrust Fault, Glacier National Park, Montana, Jack G. Oelfke, David R. Butler Mar 2025

Landslides Along The Lewis Overthrust Fault, Glacier National Park, Montana, Jack G. Oelfke, David R. Butler

The Geographical Bulletin

As development in the mountainous areas of the western United States continues to accelerate, the exposure of humans and structures to natural hazard threats from high-magnitude masswasting events also increases. This encroachment into previously uninhabited, undeveloped mountain areas creates situations whereby mass-wasting events now pose threats to human activity. Glacier National Park, Montana, is one such location where the potential exists for high-magnitude mass-wasting events. The mountains in this area commonly have steep slopes, high relief, and weathered bedrock features. These features, combined with a mid-latitude climate conducive to extensive frostweathering action, have resulted in a landscape possessing many slope …

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Editorial Comments, Robert M. Ward Mar 2025

Editorial Comments, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

The message in this issue is directed to my teaching colleagues, but it is also appropriate for the student body. My topic pertains to enrichment and overall maturity of our students beyond the subject matter in our geographic specialities. From a student perspective the contents of this editorial applies to those majoring in any educational pursuit. Specifically I am concerned about the development of writing and oratory skills, as well as personal and character growth. This is predicated on the assumption that college graduates should be expected to attain some level of leadership and consequently should have mastered the knowledge, …

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Cost Modeling For State Longitudinal Data Systems, Benjamin Boer Mar 2025

Cost Modeling For State Longitudinal Data Systems, Benjamin Boer

Practitioner Toolkits and Resources

A tool to support the development and scaling of longitudinal data supports in state policymaking.

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Buyer Beware: Pay-For-Play Research Outreach Services, Erica Finch, Cameron Nielsen Mar 2025

Buyer Beware: Pay-For-Play Research Outreach Services, Erica Finch, Cameron Nielsen

Library Faculty & Staff Presentations

Shortly after completing a groundbreaking study, a researcher receives an email from a science news website offering to promote their findings to a wider audience. But there’s a fee attached, and they want to know if the library will help cover the cost …

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Does Social Media Have An Impact On Inciting Violence?, Cora Thorne Mar 2025

Does Social Media Have An Impact On Inciting Violence?, Cora Thorne

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

What is social media? What comes to mind? What is if for? What is its purpose? Is it the variety of popular applications such as Instagram, Tik Tok, Snapchat, Facebook? Or, is it the headlines that come across those apps? Headlines about crime and criminal justice, major events, and politics? Among all the different platforms and the many people on them there is one common theme, hate and violence.

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The Effects Of Faith-Based Programs In Prison, Emmery Huber Mar 2025

The Effects Of Faith-Based Programs In Prison, Emmery Huber

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Faith based programs in prison is a cheaper way that the DOJ has found to be able to reduce recidivism rates. Studies show that these programs help inmates find purpose and joy during their situation. However, there is also a question to whether these programs break the establishment clause in the Constitution.

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Should Courts Trial Juveniles As Adults, Dylan Velasco Mar 2025

Should Courts Trial Juveniles As Adults, Dylan Velasco

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

The question of whether juveniles should be charged as adults in the criminal justice system is a controversial issue. Some scholars argue that charging juveniles as adults for serious offenses, such as violent crimes, is necessary for ensuring accountability, protecting public safety, and deterring future crimes. Charging juveniles as adults sends a clear message about severity of criminal actions, regardless of the perpetrator's age, and provide a means to safeguard communities by incarcerating dangerous individuals on adult facilities. However, other scholars highlight that developmental differences exist between juveniles and adults. For instance, adolescent brains are still maturing, particularly in areas …

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Does Media Influence Public Perception Of Crime, Dylan Leach Mar 2025

Does Media Influence Public Perception Of Crime, Dylan Leach

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Media encompasses anything that can spread mass communication, such as news outlets, social media, music, etc. This study includes a review of various scholarly sources to determine the impact that various forms of media have for influencing public perceptions of crime in our nation as well as nations across the world. Initial findings implicate exposure to local news media and rap music influence public perceptions of crime, to include but not limited to increases in violence, concern about local crime rates, and negative perceptions of law enforcement. This study reports some of those results.

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Does Crisis Intervention Training Reduce Negative Encounters With The Mental Health Population, Jayden Smith Mar 2025

Does Crisis Intervention Training Reduce Negative Encounters With The Mental Health Population, Jayden Smith

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Law enforcement officers frequently interact with individuals experiencing a mental health crisis. These encounters can lead to negative outcomes including escalation, use of force, or unnecessary incarceration. Crisis intervention training (CIT) aims to equip officers with the necessary skills to recognize and respond to people with mental health conditions. This research examines the effectiveness of CIT in reducing negative encounters between law enforcement and the mental health population in communities. Analyzing data on arrest rates, use of force incidents, and officer and community perception will show whether CIT leads to safer interactions. However, critics say that CIT is ineffective due …

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Is There A Relationship Between Drug Addiction And Incarceration?, Lindsey M. Lopez Mar 2025

Is There A Relationship Between Drug Addiction And Incarceration?, Lindsey M. Lopez

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

The connection between drug addiction and incarceration has been widely debated. Many individuals who struggle with substance abuse will end up in the criminal justice system, mainly due to drug-related crimes or offenses committed under the influence like DUI’s. This study examines whether incarceration is effective in solving substance abuse issues or if alternative approaches such as rehabilitation, offer better results. The analysis explores the balance between punishment and treatment programs to determine what the most effective strategy is in reducing recidivism and addressing why drug addiction is high in the justice system.

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Up From The Ashes: The Role Of Posttraumatic Growth In The Decision To Become A Clinical Psychologist, Richard Warmke Mar 2025

Up From The Ashes: The Role Of Posttraumatic Growth In The Decision To Become A Clinical Psychologist, Richard Warmke

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Clinical psychologists report experiencing higher levels of trauma than other professionals, potentially impacting their ability to provide effective mental healthcare services. Although trauma can result in psychological problems, it can also result in posttraumatic growth (PTG). The purpose of this research was to explore the role of PTG in the decision to become a clinical psychologist to help inform the recruitment and training of clinical psychologists. The theoretical foundations of this study were PTG, vocational choice theory (VCT), and career construction theory (CCT). The key research question of this study was, “What is the role of PTG in the decision …

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March 27, 2025 Nagpra And Tribal Relations Committee Meeting Minutes, Bryan Morey Mar 2025

March 27, 2025 Nagpra And Tribal Relations Committee Meeting Minutes, Bryan Morey

University NAGPRA and Tribal Relations Committee

Minutes from the March 27, 2025 meeting of Western Kentucky University's NAGPRA and Tribal Relations Committee. The meeting was conducted via Zoom.

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Sentencing Disparities Towards Racial And Ethnic Minorities, Hannah Loomis Mar 2025

Sentencing Disparities Towards Racial And Ethnic Minorities, Hannah Loomis

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Society and those working in the criminal justice system have been at odds for decades regarding the question of whether racial and/or ethnic minorities experience disparities in sentencing decisions by the courts. When looking at data, evidence clearly indicates a history of disparities towards African American and Hispanic populations. Despite the evidence, controversy still exists. Some researchers argue that over the years the level of bias has declined, and any level of disparities is an insignificant amount. While evidence may show a decrease, there is still a presence of disparities, and any bias is too much.

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