Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Commons^™

Identifying Predictors For Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth: A Murine Study, Tzu Ning Liu Bs, Jose Galaz Md, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. A large proportion of preterm deliveries is affected by intra-amniotic inflammation, which can occur in the presence (intra-amniotic infection) or absence (sterile intra-amniotic inflammation) of microbes. Studies have shown an association between intra-amniotic inflammation, cervical shortening, and changes in the cervicovaginal microbiome. However, their causal relationships are unknown. This study aims to determine the causality of intra-amniotic inflammation, cervical shortening, and cervicovaginal microbiome alterations.

Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 dams received an ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of an endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the alarmin interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on ...

The Impact Of Dietary Fiber On Breast Cancer Incidence, Peyton North

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Abstract

Introduction & Background

The role of dietary fiber in breast cancer etiology remains unclear. A negative correlation may be due to fiber’s ability to stave off obesity and aid in the extraction of serum estrogen, two known risk factors for the disease. Effects may differ by source, and type, of fiber. Most of the data available is from research with non-Hispanic white women. However, fiber intake may vary significantly across cultures.

Purpose Statement & Question

The research sought to investigate whether an increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a corresponding decrease in the incidence of breast cancer. The ...

Urinary Incontinence: Understanding The Silent Plight Of Women, Yasmin Nadeem Parpio, Anmol Minaz, Sonia Ijaz Haider

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the complaint of involuntary loss of urine. UI affects both men and women but is more common in women. It has been identified as a World Health Organization priority. The burden related to UI at local, national, and global levels is huge and its impact in terms of physical, social, mental, and financial aspects makes it a concerning issue. However, there exist several barriers in terms of knowledge and attitude in seeking healthcare among women experiencing UI. This calls upon a multi-disciplinary approach involving professionals from different disciplines and tackling it with collaborative and ...

Understanding One Dietary Supplement For Pcos, Eva Schofield

Capstone Showcase

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common condition in women of reproductive age, yet nearly 70% of individuals with PCOS remain undiagnosed. For many women who do receive a diagnosis, it takes experiencing symptoms for two years or longer and receiving care from an average of 3 different providers before a diagnosis can be established. In an environment where prevalence is high, diagnosis rate is low and delayed, and dissatisfaction is prevalent regarding the health care women receive, many patients may turn to self-diagnosis and online resources to find their own therapeutic options. This CME article aims to ...

Does Administration Of Probiotics To Women Aiming To Get Pregnant Reduce The Risk Of Pregnancy Complications?, Olivia Kreider

Capstone Showcase

This paper aims to assess the role of the vaginal and uterine microbiota in pregnancy complications, specifically miscarriages. With 1% of women experiencing recurrent miscarriages, the need to further research risk factors for miscarriages is evident. The findings of this research revealed there may be a place for probiotics in the prevention of pregnancy complications. Studies have shown that there is an impact of various bacteria within the uterine and vaginal microbiota on conceiving and maintaining healthy, full-term pregnancies. Considering these findings, it is recommended that healthcare providers consider recommending probiotic supplements to anyone aiming to conceive, especially those who ...

Validation Of A Modified Rat Model For Erectile Function Evaluation, Anna G. Quinlan, Sabrina Toft Hansen, Peter Zvara, Lars Lund

Larner College of Medicine Fourth Year Advanced Integration Teaching/Scholarly Projects

The in vivo model for evaluation of erectile function in rats and mice has been widely used to investigate pathophysiology and treatment modalities of erectile function. The model is technically challenging which limits its broad availability. We have recently introduced a simplified surgical technique for dissection of corporal bodies and developed a new method to achieve stable contact between the cavernous nerve and the stimulating electrode without the need to manipulate the nerve between stimulations using 2-component silicone glue. The goal of this study was to validate this new technique and describe in detail the technical aspects of the procedure ...

Safety, Efficacy, And Reversibility Of Novel Male Contraceptives For Improved Pregnancy Prevention, Danielle Anton

Capstone Showcase

Unintended pregnancy is a global issue that can result from contraceptive failure or from a lack of contraceptive use. A literature search was conducted to explore novel methods of male contraceptives being developed for improved pregnancy prevention. Seven articles were selected, reporting on either oral contraceptive pills, transdermal gel, injectable hormonal, or bilateral intravas deferens polymer injection. The most common adverse events reported across all studies include changes in libido, mood, weight gain, acne, and headache. After reaching hormone and sperm concentration levels sufficient for pregnancy prevention, authors reported complete reversibility of contraceptive effects. Four studies described changes in various ...

Periaortic Venous Necklace And Renal Right Double Arteries; Case Report, Petru Bordei, Constantin Andrei Rusali, Constantin Ionescu, Dragos Serban, Valeriu Ardeleanu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The case was found on an organic sample consisting of the two kidneys with the renal pedicles and the corresponding segments of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. From the inferior face of the left renal vein, on the lower side of the aorta, a venous branch with an upward path of 8.02 mm was detached, passing on the anterior face of the aorta, passing before its right side, in order to end on the left side of the inferior vena cava, 13.9 mm above the end of the left renal vein in the inferior vena cava ...

Free Fatty Acid Treatment Alters Autophagy During Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development, Zuleika C. L. Leung

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Obesity-induced hyperlipidemia is one of the main factors for female infertility. Hyperlipidemia, specifically with high levels of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA), interferes with preimplantation development. Autophagy is essential in early embryo development but, it is unknown whether hyperlipidemia affects autophagic mechanisms in preimplantation embryos. It was hypothesized that PA will alter autophagy in preimplantation mouse embryos and that the subsequent effects will be reversed by OA. PA impaired blastocyst development by arresting embryos at the 8-cell stage. PA also elevated early embryo autophagy by increasing autophagosome formation, decreasing maturation, and disrupting degradation. Co-treatment with OA showed developmental ...

The Onset Of Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia And Individual Differences In Inappropriate Arginine Vasopressin Excretion: A Review Of Proposed Mechanisms, Michelle Stehman, Stephen A. Maris

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 10, 2021. Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) has been reported to develop during endurance events such as triathlons and marathons. As these events become more popular, the incidence of developing EAH also increases. The development of EAH is commonly associated with the overconsumption of hypotonic fluids such as water and tends to be more prevalent in females. There is also evidence to suggest the inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) leading to water retention may predispose an individual for developing EAH, especially when coupled with the overconsumption of fluids. Recent research ...

Maternal 3,3'-Diiodothyronine Sulfate Formation From Guinea Pig Placenta Perfused With 3,3',5-Triodothyronine, Sing-Yung Wu, Charles H. Emerson, Edward Tjioe, Dong-Bao Chen

Open Access Publications by UMass Chan Authors

OBJECTIVE: Serum 3, 3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) remains low in near-term fetus to prevent the growing fetus from undue exposure to its active catabolic effect in mammals. The present study was undertaken to gain insight in the role of placenta in T3 metabolism, fetal to maternal transfer of T3, and its metabolites by in situ placenta perfusion with outer-ring labeled [(125)I]-T3 in pregnant guinea pig, a species showing increased sulfated 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2S) levels in maternal serum in late pregnancy (term = 65 days), similarly to humans in pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-pass placenta perfusions performed on pregnant guinea ...

Associations Of Hdl Metrics With Coronary Artery Calcium Score And Density Among Women Traversing Menopause, Samar R. El Khoudary, Alexis Nasr, Karen A. Matthews, Trevor J. Orchard, Maria M. Brooks, Jeffrey Billheimer, Dan Mcconnell, Imke Janssen, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Sybil L. Crawford, Daniel J. Rader

Open Access Publications by UMass Chan Authors

The cardioprotective association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may vary by menopause stage or estradiol level. We tested whether associations of comprehensive HDL metrics (HDL subclasses, phospholipid and triglyceride content, and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity [HDL-CEC]) with coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and density vary by menopause stage or estradiol level in women transitioning through menopause. Participants (N = 294; mean age [SD]: 51.3 [2.9]) had data on HDL metrics and CAC measures at one or two time points during the menopause transition. Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses. Effect modifications by menopause stage or estradiol level were ...

Onco-Fertility And Personalized Testing For Potential For Loss Of Ovarian Reserve In Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Proposed Next Steps For Development Of Genetic Testing To Predict Changes In Ovarian Reserve, Bei Sun, John Yeh

Open Access Publications by UMass Chan Authors

Women of reproductive age undergoing chemotherapy face the risk of irreversible ovarian insufficiency. Current methods of ovarian reserve testing do not accurately predict future reproductive potential for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Genetic markers that more accurately predict the reproductive potential of each patient undergoing chemotherapy would be critical tools that would be useful for evidence-based fertility preservation counselling. To assess the possible approaches to take to develop personalized genetic testing for these patients, we review current literature regarding mechanisms of ovarian damage due to chemotherapy and genetic variants associated with both the damage mechanisms and primary ovarian insufficiency. The medical literature ...

Phenotypic Expansion Of Nucleolar Protein 6, A Potential Haplo-Essential Gene Contributing To Reproductive Failure, Alexandria N. Gonzalez

MEDI 8127 Scholarly Activities Pre-Clerkship

Haplo-essential genes are those which cannot tolerate a loss-of-function (LoF) mutation in a single allele. These essential genes are critical for cell survival (cell essential) and organism development (developmental essential). De novo LoF mutations of halpo-essential genes, therefore, likely contribute to reproductive failure in humans. Recently, Nucleolar protein 6 (Nol6), a protein coding gene, has been identified as an ideal candidate for phenotypic expansion for exploring genetic variants related to stillbirth [1]. Mouse embryos were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 reagents to induce a heterozygous LoF mutation in Nol6, followed by in vitro culture to blastocyst stage to experimentally assess haplo-essentiality ...

The Analysis Of Risk Factors Associated With Women's Urinary Incontinence; Literature Review, Denisa Oana Balalau, Octavian Gabriel Olaru, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Stana Paunica, Daniela Gabriela Balan, Anca Daniela Stanescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition among women. Approximately 50% of them had an involuntary loss of urine at least once in their lifetime. It can be present during sexual activity, contributing to sexual dysfunction and often associated with anxiety or even depression, thus having a negative impact on the quality of life. The incidence of UI is related to the existence of predisposing factors. The best known are: age, weight, family history, race/ ethnicity, number of pregnancies and mode of birth, history of genitourinary interventions and factors related to ordinary habits: smoking, caffeine consumption, oral contraceptives. Studies on ...

Predictors Of Irritability Symptoms In Mildly Depressed Perimenopausal Women, Anouk E. De Wit, Erik J. Giltay, Marrit K. De Boer, Margo Nathan, Aleta Wiley, Sybil L. Crawford, Hadine Joffe

Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing Publications

OBJECTIVE: Irritability is a highly burdensome complaint, commonly, but not universally, linked with depressive symptoms. While increased variability in estradiol has been associated with depressive symptoms during perimenopause, more insight is needed into reproductive hormone dynamics and other factors that predispose perimenopausal women to irritable mood.

METHODS: Among 50 mildly depressed perimenopausal women (mean (SD) age 48.4 (3.9) years), severity of irritability symptoms (on Symptom Questionnaire Hostility subscale, range 0-23) was assessed weekly for eight weeks, concurrent with potential predictors. Associations between these were examined using generalized estimating equating models.

RESULTS: Most women (82.0%) reported having moderate ...

Stability Of The Cytosine Methylome During Post-Testicular Sperm Maturation In Mouse, Carolina Galan, Ryan W. Serra, Fengyun Sun, Vera D. Rinaldi, Colin C. Conine, Oliver J. Rando

Open Access Publications by UMass Chan Authors

Beyond the haploid genome, mammalian sperm carry a payload of epigenetic information with the potential to modulate offspring phenotypes. Recent studies show that the small RNA repertoire of sperm is remodeled during post-testicular maturation in the epididymis. Epididymal maturation has also been linked to changes in the sperm methylome, suggesting that the epididymis might play a broader role in shaping the sperm epigenome. Here, we characterize the genome-wide methylation landscape in seven germ cell populations from throughout the male reproductive tract. We find very few changes in the cytosine methylation landscape between testicular germ cell populations and cauda epididymal sperm ...

Methamphetamine Associated Cardiomyopathy In Pregnancy: The Distinctions And The Implications, Ashan Hatharasinghe, Hossein Akhondi

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Methamphetamine associated cardiomyopathy (MAC) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are both rare obstetric conditions. Literature regarding methamphetamine associated cardiomyopathy in the obstetric population is limited, and it can be difficult to make the distinction between the two given the similarities in clinical presentation. However similar, there are significant distinctions in the pathophysiology of these two that can help clinicians with the management process.

Clinical Findings and Outcomes

This case involves a 35-year-old Hispanic G6P5005 at 37 weeks gestation presenting with acute respiratory failure secondary to acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and superimposed preeclampsia leading to urgent cesarean ...

Deficient Spermiogenesis In Mice Lacking Rlim, Feng Wang, Maria Gracia Gervasi, Ana Boskovic, Fengyun Sun, Vera D. Rinaldi, Jun Yu, Mary C. Wallingford, Darya A. Tourzani, Jesse Mager, Lihua Julie Zhu, Oliver J. Rando, Pablo E. Visconti, Lara Strittmatter, Ingolf Bach

Radiology Publications

The X-linked gene Rlim plays major roles in female mouse development and reproduction, where it is crucial for the maintenance of imprinted X chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic tissues of embryos. However, while females carrying a systemic Rlim knockout (KO) die around implantation, male Rlim KO mice appear healthy and are fertile. Here, we report an important role for Rlim in testis where it is highly expressed in post-meiotic round spermatids as well as in Sertoli cells. Systemic deletion of the Rlim gene results in lower numbers of mature sperm that contains excess cytoplasm, leading to decreased sperm motility and in ...

Chronic Use Of Non-Medical Abdominal Compressors: Medical And Psychological Implications, Sawsan Edriss, Bushra Azom, Manar Edriss, Mustafa Edriss, Ann-Cathrin Guertler, Eva Waineo Md, Diane L. Levine Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

The popularity of waist cinchers, shapewear, abdominal binders, corsets, and waist trainers has increased in the population. Although corsets have been part of western fashion since the 18th century, abdominal compressors remain in style even today. In 2018, sales for shapewear worldwide were estimated at 2.26 billion USD. 1 Despite its popularity, shapewear safety and medical effects have not been widely studied.

In 1968, “Pantygirdle Syndrome” was described, attributing vulvitis, urethritis, and urinary tract infections to materials used from the “pantygirdle”. 2 The article describes that the girdle caused gastrointestinal symptoms with diaphragmatic and stomach displacement causing gastro-esophageal reflux ...