Medical Sciences Commons^™

Differential Regulation Of Iress In The Aurora A Mrna By Bfgf Through The Mtor Complex Torc2 Modulates Aurora A Kinase Expression, Roy L. Voice Iii

UT GSBS Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Identifying the mechanisms that contribute to tumorigenesis is a major area of focus in our fight against cancer. Epithelial malignant tumors, such as breast, colon, ovarian and pancreatic cancers have been shown to overexpress proteins that control cell mitosis, growth, and proliferation. One of those proteins is the Aurora A kinase. Aurora A kinase is a member of a small family of kinases that contribute to mitotic events such as centrosome duplication, separation, and maturation. Aurora A overexpression leads to genomic instability, which can contribute to tumorigenesis, on the other hand, inhibiting Aurora A expression leads to apoptosis, making it ...

Acute Brachial Artery Responses To Endurance And High-Intensity Interval Exercise In Young Healthy Males, Greg M. Mcgill

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Purpose: Habitual aerobic exercise improves vascular function; however, the acute vascular response to exercise is poorly understood. The present investigation compared the time course of acute changes in vascular function following two different types of aerobic exercise. Methods: Ten untrained males (23 ± 2 yrs) completed one bout of sustained moderate-intensity cycling (END) (30 mins at 55% peak power) or high-intensity interval (HIT) cycling (10 one-minute intervals at 80% peak power) on different days. Endothelium-dependent dilation was assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (baFMD) at baseline, immediately post-exercise, 1 hour post-exercise and 24 hours post-exercise. Endothelium-independent dilation was assessed via nitroglycerin ...

A Tri-Modality Comparison Of Volumetric Bone Measure Quantification Using 1.0 Tesla Peripheral Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography And High-Resolution-Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Images, Andy Kin On Wong

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

This comparative study of peripheral (p) QCT, high-resolution pQCT (hr-pQCT) and 1.0 Tesla pMRI technologies quantified short-term test-retest reproducibility, validity, one-year detection limit and clinical sensitivity of each modality’s derived bone measures. Select bone outcomes were evaluated from scans performed on Hamiltonian women above 50 years old and externally validated in a population-based cohort. In the local cohort (age: 74 ± 9 years and BMI 27.65 ± 5.74 kg/m²), Tb.Sp measured on pMRI, Ct.Th and vBMD from pQCT showed significant correlations (r²=0.52-0.85) with hr-pQCT, yielding slopes near unity. Bland-Altman analyses ...

The Biology Of Dendritic Cell Subsets In Allergen-Induced Asthma, Benny Dua

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, and there has been growing insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory basis of this disease. Research into the inflammatory mechanisms of asthma has progressively shifted focus from downstream effectors, such as mast cells and eosinophils, up to Th2 lymphocytes and their proallergic cytokines. Even more upstream in the allergic cascade are dendritic cells (DCs), potent APCs that orchestrate immune responses. Evidence supporting a role of DCs in regulating airway allergic inflammation is derived mainly from animal studies. In animal models of asthma, myeloid DCs (mDCs) induce and maintain ...

Catecholamine-Regulated Protein 40 In Parkinson’S Disease, Jovana Lubarda

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative movement disorder involving protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The current dissertation, motivated by a lack of valid biomarkers and sustainable therapies, examined the potential application of a novel target for therapeutics and diagnostics of PD — the multifunctional, heat-shock like protein Catecholamine-Regulated Protein 40 (CRP40). The goal of this program of research was to elucidate further the implications of CRP40 in PD using a variety of molecular biology, bioinformatics, and clinical approaches through integrative collaborations with academia, government, and industry partners to translate scientific findings into real world solutions. Chapters 2 ...

Massively Parallel Nonparametric Regression, With An Application To Developmental Brain Mapping, Philip T. Reiss, Lei Huang, Yin-Hsiu Chen, Lan Huo, Thaddeus Tarpey, Maarten Mennes

Philip T. Reiss

We propose a penalized spline approach to performing large numbers of parallel nonparametric analyses of either of two types: restricted likelihood ratio tests of a parametric regression model versus a general smooth alternative, and nonparametric regression. Compared with naively performing each analysis in turn, our techniques reduce computation time dramatically. Viewing the large collection of scatterplot smooths produced by our methods as functional data, we develop a clustering approach to summarize and visualize these results. Our approach is applicable to ultra-high-dimensional data, particularly data acquired by neuroimaging; we illustrate it with an analysis of developmental trajectories of functional connectivity at ...

Smurf2 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal And Aging, Charusheila Ramkumar, Yahui Kong, Sally E. Trabucco, Rachel M. Gerstein, Hong Zhang

GSBS Student Publications

The age-dependent decline in the self-renewal capacity of stem cells plays a critical role in aging, but the precise mechanisms underlying this decline are not well understood. By limiting proliferative capacity, senescence is thought to play an important role in age-dependent decline of stem cell self-renewal, although direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is largely lacking. We have previously identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 as a critical regulator of senescence. In this study, we found that mice deficient in Smurf2 had an expanded hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment in bone marrow under normal homeostatic conditions, and this expansion was associated ...

Jih, The Future Of Interprofessional Healthcare, Antonio E. Puente Phd

Journal of Interprofessional Healthcare

Describes the reason and mission of the Journal of Interprofessional Healthcare.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Neoadjuvant Embolization Of Larger Arteriovenous Malformations: An Institutional Experience, Richard Dalyai, Thana Theofanis, Robert Starke, Nohra El-Chalouhi, Md, George M. Ghobrial Md, Pascal Jabbour, Md, Aaron Dumont, L. Fernando Gonzalez, David Gordon, Robert Rosenwasser, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Objective. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of a multimodality approach combining staged endovascular embolizations with subsequent SRS for the management of larger AVMs. Methods. Ninety-five patients with larger AVMs were treated with staged endovascular embolization followed by SRS between 1996 and 2011. Results. The median volume of AVM in this series was 28 cm³ and 47 patients (48%) were Spetzler-Martin grade IV or V. Twenty-seven patients initially presented with hemorrhage. Sixty-one patients underwent multiple embolizations while a single SRS session was performed in 64 patients. The median follow-up after SRS session was 32 months (range 9-136 months ...

Effects Of Body Armor And Load Carriage On Lower Limb Joint Movement, Huiju Park, Donna Branson, Adriana Petrova, Semra Peksoz, Carla Goad, Aric J. Warren, Bert Jacobson, Panagiotis Kamenidis

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

This study investigated the impact of body armor weight and load magnitude and distribution on the lower extremities during walking. Range of motion (ROM) was assessed while seven healthy, male, right-handed, military university students walked while wearing seven different garments of varying weights (0.06 kg, 9 kg, 18 kg, and 27 kg) and load distributions. Decreased pelvic rotation found with an increase in weight implies decreased mobility by restricting the leg’s swing to propel the body forward. Increased ROM for pelvic tilt found with increased weight results from increased forward inclination suggesting an increased possibility for fatigue and ...

Prion Infection Impairs Cholesterol Metabolism In Neuronal Cells, Huanhuan L. Cui, Belinda Guo, Benjamin Scicluna, Bradley M. Coleman, Victoria A. Lawson, Laura Ellett, Peter J. Meikle, Michael I. Bukrinsky, Nigora Mukhamedova, Dmitri Sviridov, Andrew F. Hill

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Conversion of prion protein (PrP^C) into a pathological isoform (PrP^Sc) during prion infection occurs in lipid rafts and is dependent on cholesterol. Here, we show that prion infection increases the abundance of cholesterol transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter type A1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter type A1), but reduces cholesterol efflux from neuronal cells leading to the accumulation of cellular cholesterol. Increased abundance of ABCA1 in prion disease was confirmed in prion-infected mice. Mechanistically, conversion of PrP^C to the pathological isoform led to PrP^Sc accumulation in rafts, displacement of ABCA1 from rafts and the cell surface, and enhanced internalization ...

Paracrine Apoptotic Effect Of P53 Mediated By Tumor Suppressor Par-4, Ravshan Burikhanov, Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai, Nikhil Hebbar, Shirley Qiu, Yanming Zhao, Gerard P. Zambetti, Vivek M. Rangnekar

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

The guardian of the genome, p53, is often mutated in cancer and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Given that p53 is intact and functional in normal tissues, we harnessed its potential to inhibit the growth of p53-deficient cancer cells. Specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts selectively induced apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells. This paracrine effect was mediated by p53-dependent secretion of the tumor suppressor Par-4. Accordingly, the activation of p53 in normal mice, but not p53⁻/⁻ or Par-4⁻/⁻ mice, caused systemic elevation of Par-4, which induced apoptosis of p53-deficient tumor cells. Mechanistically, p53 induced Par-4 secretion by suppressing the ...

Beyond Bmi: The “Metabolically Healthy Obese” Phenotype & Its Association With Clinical/Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease And All-Cause Mortality -- A Systematic Review, Lara L. Roberson, Ehimen C. Aneni, Wasim Maziak, Arthur Agatston, Theodore Feldman, Maribeth Rouseff, Thinh Tran, Michael J. Blaha, Raul D. Santos, Andrei Sposito, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Ron Blankenstein, Matthew J. Budoff, Khurram Nasir

HWCOM Faculty Publications

Background

A subgroup has emerged within the obese that do not display the typical metabolic disorders associated with obesity and are hypothesized to have lower risk of complications. The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature which has examined the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) population.

Methods

Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until December 2012. Studies were included which clearly defined the MHO group (using either insulin sensitivity and/or components of metabolic syndrome AND obesity) and its association with either all ...

Control Of Ltr Transcription By Swi/Snf Baf And Pbaf Complexes, Irene Guendel, Rachel Van Duyne, Fatah Kashanchi

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Exosomes Derived From Htlv-1 Infected Cells Contain The Viral Protein Tax, Aarthi Narayanan, Elizabeth Jaworski, Rachel Van Duyne, Sergey N. Iordanskiy, Irene Guendel, Ravi Das, Robert Currer, Gavin C. Sampey, Myung Chung, Kylene Kehn-Hall, Charles Bailey, Anastas Popratiloff, Fatah Kashanchi

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Methods And Matrices: Approaches To Identifying Mirnas For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Jordan L. Plieskatt, Gabriel Rinaldi, Yanjung Feng, Paul H. Levine, Samantha Easley, Elizabeth Martinez, Salman Hashmi, Nader Sadeghi, Paul J. Brindley, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Jason Mulvenna

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

We tested two miRNA discovery workflows on two sample sources for miRNAs associated with NPC. In the first workflow, we assumed that NPC tumor tissue would be enriched for miRNAs, so we compared miRNA expression in FFPE from NPC cases and controls using microarray and RNA-Seq technologies. Candidate miRNAs from both technologies were verified by qPCR in FFPE and sera from an independent NPC sample set. In a second workflow, we directly interrogated NPC case and control sera by RNA-Seq for c-miRNAs associated with NPC, with candidate c-miRNAs verified by qPCR in the sera from the same independent NPC sample ...

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Incidence And Survival In The Republic Of Ireland 1994-2009., Cormac J. Jennings, Paul M. Walsh, Sandra Deady, Brian J. Harvey, Warren Thomas

Molecular Medicine Articles

OBJECTIVE: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy associated with exposure to asbestos. The protracted latent period of MPM means that its incidence has continued to rise across Europe after the introduction of restrictions on asbestos use. In order to obtain a clearer indication of trends in the Republic of Ireland (ROI), incidence and survival were assessed based on all MPM cases reported since the establishment of the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCR).

METHODS: NCR recorded 337 MPM diagnoses in the ROI during 1994-2009. Survival was assessed for all cases diagnosed with adequate follow-up (n=330). Crude and ...

Transient Silencing Of A Type Iv P-Type Atpase Results In Decreased Glut4 Translo-Cation And Altered Signaling Of Mapk And Pi3k Pathways, Sarah Hurst, Nolan Hoffman, Jeffrey Elmendorf, Madhu S. Dhar

Madhu S Dhar

SBN: 978-14775549-6-8

Genome Of The Human Hookworm Necator Americanus, Yat T. Tang, Xin Gao, Bruce A. Rosa, Sahar Abubucker, Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin, Peter J. Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony, +23 Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report sequencing and assembly of the N. americanus genome (244 Mb, 19,151 genes). Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm's invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms. N. americanus has undergone a considerable and unique expansion of ...

Concordant Integrative Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Of Multiple Large-Scale Two-Sample Expression Data Sets, Yinglei Lai, Fanni Zhang, Tapan K. Nayak, Reza Modarres, Norman H. Lee, Timothy A. Mccaffrey

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Background

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is an important approach to the analysis of coordinate expression changes at a pathway level. Although many statistical and computational methods have been proposed for GSEA, the issue of a concordant integrative GSEA of multiple expression data sets has not been well addressed. Among different related data sets collected for the same or similar study purposes, it is important to identify pathways or gene sets with concordant enrichment.

Methods

We categorize the underlying true states of differential expression into three representative categories: no change, positive change and negative change. Due to data noise, what ...