Neurosciences Commons^™

Microglial Disruption In Young Mice With Early Chronic Exposure To Lead, Christina Sobin Ph.D., Mayra Gisel Flores Montoya M.A., Natali Parisi Ph.D., Tanner Schaub Ph.D., Miguel Cervantes B.S., Rodrigo Xavier Armijos M.D., Scd

Christina Sobin, Ph.D.

The mechanisms by which early chronic lead (Pb) exposure alters brain development have not been identified. We examined neuroimmune system effects in C57BL/6J mice with Pb exposure, including levels that may be common among children in lower socioeconomic income environments. Pups were exposed via dams’ drinking water from birth to post-natal day 28 to low, high or no Pb conditions. We compared gene expression of neuroinflammatory markers (study 1); and microglial mean cell body volume and mean cell body number in dentate gyrus, and dentate gyrus volume (study 2). Blood Pb levels in exposed animals at sacrifice (post-natal day ...

Effects Of Intranasally Administered Dnsp-11 On The Central Dopamine System Of Normal And Parkinsonian Fischer 344 Rats, James H. Sonne

Theses and Dissertations--Anatomy and Neurobiology

Due to the blood-brain barrier, delivery of many drugs to the brain has required intracranial surgery which is prone to complication. Here we show that Dopamine Neuron Stimulating Peptide 11 (DNSP-11), following non-invasive intranasal administration, protects dopaminergic neurons from a lesion model of Parkinson’s disease in the rat. A significant and dose-dependent increase in an index of dopamine turnover (the ratio of DOPAC to dopamine) was observed in the striatum of normal young adult Fischer 344 rats by whole-tissue neurochemistry compared to vehicle administered controls.

Among animals challenged with a moderate, unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the substantia nigra ...

Inhibition Of Calpains By Calpastatin: Implications For Cellular And Functional Damage Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Kathleen M. Schoch

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating health problem based on its high incidence, economic burden, and lack of effective pharmacological treatment. Individuals who suffer an injury often experience lifelong disability. TBI results in abrupt, initial cell damage leading to delayed neuronal death. The calcium-activated proteases, calpains, are known to contribute to this secondary neurodegenerative cascade. Prolonged activation of calpains results in proteolysis of numerous cellular substrates including cytoskeletal components, membrane receptors, and cytosolic proteins, contributing to cell demise despite coincident expression of calpastatin, the specific inhibitor of calpains.

A comprehensive analysis using two separate calpastatin transgenic mouse lines was ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Brain Tissue Abnormalities: Transverse Relaxation Time In Autism And Tourette Syndrome And Development Of A Novel Whole-Brain Myelin Mapping Technique, Yann Gagnon

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The transverse relaxation time (T2) is a fundamental parameter of magnetic resonance imaging sensitive to tissue microstructure and water content, thus offering a non-invasive approach to evaluate abnormalities of brain tissue in-vivo. Prevailing hypotheses of two childhood psychiatric disorders were tested using quantitative T2 imaging and automated region of interest (ROI) analyses. In autism, the under-connectivity theory, which proposes aberrant connectivity within white matter (WM) was assessed, finding T2 to be eleveted in the frontal and parietal lobes, while dividing whole brain data into neurodevelopmentally relevant WM ROIs found increased T2 in bridging and radiate WM. In Tourette syndrome, tissue ...

Understanding Parkinson’S Disease Pathology In Yeast: A Role For Endocytosis, Maiwase Tembo '15, Madhavi Senegolage

Steven Galovich Memorial Student Symposium

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is linked to the compromised degradation of the protein α-synuclein. Therefore, increasing α-synuclein degradation is of therapeutic interest. Endocytosis is hypothesized to be a route to α-synuclein degradation at the lysosome. Recently, our lab found that several endocytic genes regulate PD-related α-synuclein properties. Most importantly, vps28 deletion alters α-synuclein localization and increases its accumulation and toxicity in yeast cells. I extended this work and observed that increasing the concentration of α-synuclein in vps28-lacking yeast further enhances α-synuclein accumulation and toxicit. This work illustrates the growing relevance of endocytosis in PD pathology.

Multifactorial Modulation Of The Blood-Brain Barrier: Relationship To Stroke, Bei Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface, mainly consisting of highly specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that segregate the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation. Impairment of the BBB, due to disruption of tight junction (TJ) proteins and inflammatory responses, may initiate and/or contribute to the progress of CNS disorders, including stroke. Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It has been shown that aging and environmental pollutants can induce brain endothelium dysfunction, and are considered as risk factors for stroke.

Deficiency of telomerase is highly linked with aging-associated vascular diseases. Evidence indicates ...

Neonatal Pain Accelerates Meal Onset And Increase Body Mass In Adult Female Rats With Poor Spatial Memory, Lauren M. Schmuck, Yoko Ogawa, Nicole C. Victoria, Anne Z. Murphy, Marise B. Parent

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Neonatal Pain And Inflammation Impairs Hippocampal-Dependent Memory In Middle-Aged Rats, Nivedita Nagar, Yoko Ogawa, Nicole C. Victoria, Anne Z. Murphy, Marise B. Parent

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Diagnosis, Evaluation And Treatments For Dementia, John W. Margraf Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Diagnosis, Assessment And Evaluation For Seizures, John W. Margraf Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Migraine Diagnosis And Treatment, Vitaliy Koss Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Treatment Options For Seizures: Practical Points In Epilepsy Management, Soraya E. Jimenez Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Diagnosis And Evaluation Of Peripheral Neuropathies, Jay D. Varrato Do

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Defining The Need For Specific Neurological Studies, John E. Castaldo Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Current Standards For Treatment Of Stroke: Management Of Acute Ischemic Stroke, John E. Castaldo Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

How To Think Like A Neurologist – Review Of Exam Process And Assessment Findings, Gary Clauser Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Special Populations And Considerations In Migraine Therapy, Gary Clauser Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Diagnosis And Treatment Options For Multiple Sclerosis, Gary Clauser Md

Neurology Update for the Non-Neurologist

No abstract provided.

Purines And Neuronal Excitability: Links To The Ketogenic Diet [Post-Print], Susan A. Masino, Masahito Kawamura Jr., David N. Ruskin, J D. Geiger, D. Boison

Faculty Scholarship

ATP and adenosine are purines that play dual roles in cell metabolism and neuronal signaling. Acting at the A(1) receptor (A(1)R) subtype, adenosine acts directly on neurons to inhibit excitability and is a powerful endogenous neuroprotective and anticonvulsant molecule. Previous research showed an increase in ATP and other cell energy parameters when an animal is administered a ketogenic diet, an established metabolic therapy to reduce epileptic seizures, but the relationship among purines, neuronal excitability and the ketogenic diet was unclear. Recent work in vivo and in vitro tested the specific hypothesis that adenosine acting at A(1 ...

Gradients And Ranges Of Visually Selective Attention Based On Location, Objects, Color, And Size: Gradients Are Universal, But Range Is Uniquely Spatial, William S. Bush

Open Access Dissertations

Two interesting properties of the distribution of spatially selective attention have been noted in the behavioral and electrophysiological literature. First, there is a graded field of attention that expands from the center of the attended area. Second, the size of the attended area can be adjusted to be either larger or smaller in order to match the demands of the current task. Five event-related potential (ERP) studies are presented that extend these findings in several important ways; 1) The time frame of these two distribution properties is different. Results are consistent with a two stage model of spatial attention in ...