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Articles 90481 - 90510 of 658156
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Exploring The Relationship Between Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors, Anxiety, And Aggression In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ashley Gabriele
Exploring The Relationship Between Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors, Anxiety, And Aggression In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ashley Gabriele
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has demonstrated associations between restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) and anxiety, RRBs and aggression, and anxiety in aggression in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet no study has investigated the nature of the relationship between all three constructs. As such, the goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that anxiety mediates the relationship between RRBs and aggression. Participants consisted of 115 parent(s)/guardian(s) of children with ASD who completed parent/caregiver-report questionnaires on the frequency and severity of their child’s RRBs, anxiety symptoms, and aggressive behaviors. The present study is the first to use construct-specific measures …
Controlling For Developmental Language Differences In Spanish-English Learners: A Comparison Of The Ortiz Picture Vocabulary Acquisition Test And Woodcock Muñoz Language Survey-Third Edition, Amanda Garcia
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the vocabulary knowledge of Spanish-speaking English Learners (ELs) when controlling for developmental language norms. This research was essential given the multitude of literature indicating the connection between vocabulary skills and later academic success and the substantial achievement gaps between ELs and English Speakers (ESs). Considering the different normative standards in the Ortiz PVAT and WMLS III English, where the former includes bilingual, exposure-based norms, and the latter does not, this study evaluated the vocabulary knowledge of 27 Spanish-speaking ELs between the ages of 5 and 11 …
Clinical Adaptations Of Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, And Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy As A Result Of Culture And Language, Rebecca Wade
Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies are frequently used and highly effective; however, most of the research is conducted on Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) populations who are relatively homogeneous. The present study evaluated the use and adaptations of Cognitive Therapy (CT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) based upon WEIRD status, language, and cultural values as measured by Hofstede's country comparison (2021). In a survey, therapists worldwide (n=121) reported their use and adaptation of the techniques within their therapeutic orientation. Although no significant differences were found between WEIRD or language groupings specific to CT, CBT, or …
Associations Between Problem Recognition And Help-Seeking Behavior In Mothers Of Preschoolers, Samuel T. Jackson
Associations Between Problem Recognition And Help-Seeking Behavior In Mothers Of Preschoolers, Samuel T. Jackson
Theses and Dissertations
Preschool children are often underserved in mental healthcare. One explanation for this is that caregivers do not recognize preschoolers’ mental health difficulties as problems. While previous research has identified an association between a caregiver’s skill at accurately applying diagnostic labels and help-seeking, factors such as behavior severity, functional impairment, and caregiver stress are important to the help-seeking process as well. The current study examined associations between all these variables. Participants were 82 adult mothers of preschoolers. The participants read a series of vignettes describing preschool-aged children with depression, anxiety, and ADHD, and then answered a series of questions to assess …
Norm Sample Stratification And Socioeconomic Status: Examination Of Language Development Across Education And Income, Gavriel Franco
Norm Sample Stratification And Socioeconomic Status: Examination Of Language Development Across Education And Income, Gavriel Franco
Theses and Dissertations
The norm samples that are developed in Westernized countries are typically created using a routine process in test development that involves stratification of a range of independent variables. However, this method of creating norm-referenced samples may be discriminatory against individuals from low SES backgrounds since sampling across the full range of SES invariably results in an “average” that characterizes middle-SES individuals best. Because SES is generally stratified by category, according to U.S. Census demographics, any such sample developed in this manner is likely to be appropriate only for individuals within the “average” SES range. The literature contains a wealth of …
Do Sleep And Executive Functioning Predict Intimate Partner Violence? Investigation Of A Moderational Model, Ayelet Hochman
Do Sleep And Executive Functioning Predict Intimate Partner Violence? Investigation Of A Moderational Model, Ayelet Hochman
Theses and Dissertations
This study assessed if sleep and the executive function (EF) of response inhibition interact to predict intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in emerging adults. This study conducted a secondary data analysis on a sample of college students in romantic relationships who completed a series of EF tasks and self-report measures on emotional and relationship functioning. This study analyzed data from 86 college students (81% female) between the ages of 18-23. Moderational models were tested to evaluate whether deficits in response inhibition and sleep problems interact to predict IPV perpetration. Perpetration of any IPV, only minor forms of IPV, and only …
The Role Of Social Skills In Protecting Against The Impact Of Family And Community Violence On Youth Psychopathology, Emily Christine Hockenberry
The Role Of Social Skills In Protecting Against The Impact Of Family And Community Violence On Youth Psychopathology, Emily Christine Hockenberry
Theses and Dissertations
Children and adolescents are exposed to family and community violence at high rates, and poly victimization is common. Further study is needed to assess the unique and additive effects of witnessing or directly experiencing violence in multiple contexts on psychopathology in urban youth of color. Additionally, analyzing the role of protective factors, such as social skills, in moderating the relation between violence exposure and psychopathology may aid in identifying unique and shared pathways by which different forms of interpersonal violence may impact mental health outcomes. This study sought to examine whether social skills (cooperation and assertion) moderated the relation between …
Patterns Of Change In Caregiver Anxiety And Depression During Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Tohar Scheininger
Patterns Of Change In Caregiver Anxiety And Depression During Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Tohar Scheininger
Theses and Dissertations
Caregivers play an integral role in their child’s trauma-focused cognitive-behavior therapy (TF-CBT; Cohen & Mannarino, 2006), an intervention that has established efficacy in treating children’s trauma-related symptoms (Cohen et al., 2017). Unfortunately, extant literature on TF-CBT lacks a comprehensive understanding and representation of demographic characteristics and baseline symptomatology for caregivers who participate in TF-CBT at community clinics. Furthermore, although researchers suggest that TF-CBT may improve caregivers’ own distress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression from pre- to post-treatment (e.g., Cohen et al., 2004a; Cohen et al., 2004b; Deblinger et al., 2011; Tutus et al., 2017), there is no assessment of …
Effect Of Shame-Proneness, Guilt-Proneness And Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms On Difficulties In Emotional Regulation, Yekaterina Nikiforova
Effect Of Shame-Proneness, Guilt-Proneness And Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms On Difficulties In Emotional Regulation, Yekaterina Nikiforova
Theses and Dissertations
Exposure to traumatic events will affect most individuals in their lifetimes, with some going on to develop emotional dysregulation difficulties, posttraumatic stress symptoms, shame, and guilt. The present study used a trauma-exposed college sample of adults from a northeastern university (n = 612, age M = 20.79, SD= 3.33, n = 463 female, n = 149 male) to test for a moderating effect of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness on the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and difficulties in emotional regulation, and lack of emotional awareness, a subcategory of difficulties in emotional regulation. The correlational relationship between these constructs was also investigated. …
Predicting Teacher Referral Of Psychopathology In Students: The Role Of Experience, Knowledge, And Gender, Carmel Y. Brunswick
Predicting Teacher Referral Of Psychopathology In Students: The Role Of Experience, Knowledge, And Gender, Carmel Y. Brunswick
Theses and Dissertations
Teachers are key players in recognizing mental health difficulties in their students and subsequently facilitating the referral to intervention process. However, the absence of a systematized approach leaves lingering doubt regarding accurate identification, rate of referral, and intervening factors, requiring a need to explore them further. Furthermore, to date, there is limited research examining teacher ability to recognize behavioral manifestations of trauma in their students. The current study surveyed primary and secondary teachers (n=54) across the United States. An anonymous survey presented a series of vignettes depicting behavioral representations of various childhood disorders. Teachers were asked to make a series …
The Association Between Personality Dysfunction And Alcohol And Substance Use Problems In Emerging Adults, Irma Sham
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the association between dimensions of personality problems (negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism) and alcohol and substance use problems in emerging adults. The sample of 169 participants was used for data analysis. Participants were recruited online via MTurk and a student research participant pool. We found that there is a correlation between the overall personality dysfunction and alcohol and substance use problems. However, only disinhibition, detachment, antagonism, and psychoticism were correlated with alcohol and substance use problems. Multiple regression was used to compare the relative strength of association of variables correlated with alcohol and substance use …
Limpiar La Raza: Island Vs. Diaspora Representations Of Dominican Race, Selines Sanchez
Limpiar La Raza: Island Vs. Diaspora Representations Of Dominican Race, Selines Sanchez
Theses and Dissertations
Investigating Dominicans and Dominican-Americans in the context of whiteness studies, specifically through the Spanish phrase limpiar la raza (cleaning the race), this thesis will examine the existence and effects of whiteness on this population of Latin Americans. I am using my experience and current discourse and representation to explore the way whiteness and blackness are both re-enforced and transformed in the Dominican-American diaspora and what limpiar la raza might mean in the 21st century amongst island-based, U.S. born, and immigrant Dominicans. My goal is to reveal how the history of whiteness, anti-blackness, and racial confusion persists in the diaspora today …
Identifying Subtypes Of Dysfunctional Anger: A Latent Profile Analysis Of The Anger Disorders Scale (Ads), Katharine Romero
Identifying Subtypes Of Dysfunctional Anger: A Latent Profile Analysis Of The Anger Disorders Scale (Ads), Katharine Romero
Theses and Dissertations
Although we see patients present to outpatient and inpatient settings with problematic anger as frequently as with anxiety and depression (Lachmund et al., 2005), we lack the diagnostic categories for anger that most affective disturbances have been granted by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5: American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Anger is, instead, most often seen as an aspect of the pathology within a wide range of mood and personality disorders. DiGiuseppe and Tafrate (2007) proposed 13 subtypes of disturbed anger via a hierarchical cluster analysis of the Anger Disorders Scale (ADS) standardization data. While more recent attempts …
Pathways To And From Social Withdrawal: Antecedents, Correlates, Consequences, And Considerations For Evaluating Dimensions Of Social Withdrawal In Adolescents, Laura Cyran
Theses and Dissertations
Research into child and adolescent social withdrawal has identified multiple forms of withdrawal behavior, most of which fall under the subtypes of shyness or preference for solitude. Social withdrawal can lead to a variety of maladjustment outcomes, though there is evidence to suggest that the trajectory might differ depending on the form and function of social withdrawal experienced. However, much of the previous research in this area has failed to account for the moderate correlation between shyness and preference for solitude, which calls into question findings on distinctions between these two forms. We investigated the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of …
The Effect Of Strategy Instruction And Spatial Ability On Spatial Problem Solving, Nia Scarboro
The Effect Of Strategy Instruction And Spatial Ability On Spatial Problem Solving, Nia Scarboro
Theses and Dissertations
High spatial skills tend to be a strong indicator for predicting STEM success. There are varying abilities when it comes to spatial skills, despite that spatial skills are adaptable and can develop with proper training. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the role of strategy instruction on spatial thinking performance. More specifically whether or not a response elimination strategy (count the number of folds and multiply by two) or a visualization strategy (imagining unfolding the paper) would be more beneficial in terms of improving Paper folding task score. Students participating in this experiment were undergraduate students from St. …
The Cognitive Content Specificity Hypothesis In Anxiety And Depression, Krystell Adriana Montalvo
The Cognitive Content Specificity Hypothesis In Anxiety And Depression, Krystell Adriana Montalvo
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, we recruited 400 participants through an online platform and obtained measures of social anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and irrational thinking. We tested the cognitive content specificity hypothesis which predicts that anxious symptoms will be more highly correlated to irrational and dysfunctional beliefs with anxious cognitive content, and depressive symptoms would be more highly correlated with depressive cognitive content. The results were mixed, but generally showed that depressive cognitive content was more highly correlated to depressive symptoms, especially in the case of the positive association between irrational thoughts about self-depreciation and depressive symptoms.
Racial Discrimination And Core Executive Functions, Luke H. Keating
Racial Discrimination And Core Executive Functions, Luke H. Keating
Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have theorized that exposure to racial discrimination may impair executive functioning. The limited existing data broadly support this notion and suggest that discrimination may exert acute and persistent effects on executive functioning, potentially because of the cognitive demands associated with responding to discrimination. However, it is unclear if discrimination is differentially associated with different core executive functions. Further, the effects may vary depending on the timing of exposure, as recent or acute exposure to discrimination may operate on executive functioning through different mechanisms than exposure across the lifetime. The current study evaluates the relations of both recent and lifetime …
Media Exposure And Effects On Social Cognitions, Adenique Lisse
Media Exposure And Effects On Social Cognitions, Adenique Lisse
Theses and Dissertations
The media, which is comprised of mass media and social media (Bennett, 1982; Carr & Hayes, 2015), is a powerful tool that reflects as well as change’s public opinion and social cognitions (Fan & Pedrycz, 2017; Bandura, 2002). Research posits that Black and Latino individuals are more likely to be portrayed negatively in the media (Dixon, Weeks & Smith, 2019; Dixon et al., 2003; Dixon & Linz, 2000; Dixon, 2017). Thus, media exposures can cultivate real-world stereotypical views of individuals within these ethnic/racial groups (Haft & Zhou, 2021; Han & Budarick, 2018) and shapes individual’s self-view (Tsfati, 2007). White individuals, …
A Survey Of Practitioner Methods And Decision-Makng In Evaluation Of Diverse Students, Noelle Ferrara
A Survey Of Practitioner Methods And Decision-Makng In Evaluation Of Diverse Students, Noelle Ferrara
Theses and Dissertations
It is estimated by the year 2060, minority students will make up more than 50% of the United States population (Ding, Cho, Wang & Yu, 2019). The importance of correctly identifying and placing students in special education is becoming crucial as the population of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse students (CLD) and English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing. Bilingual school psychologists are few in number across the nation. Moreover, the most significant problem with regard to bilingual assessment is the lack of a set of standards or guidelines by which practitioners can be held responsible for their assessment practices. The Standards …
A Cognitive-Behavioral Smart Board Program For Youth With Anger, Vanessa Rumie
A Cognitive-Behavioral Smart Board Program For Youth With Anger, Vanessa Rumie
Theses and Dissertations
Society today has vastly integrated technology into every industry, and this is no different for psychotherapy and education. Increasing research supports utilizing technology to deliver Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. Specifically, current literature supports the use of CBT for students experiencing anger regulation difficulties delivered within the school setting. However, no study has a school-based CBT program for children with anger-related problems delivered via the SMART Board technological platform. Interactive SMART Boards are a technological platform that students of the 21st century are highly familiar with as it has increasingly replaced the traditional black chalkboard in classrooms. As early anger …
Spatial Thinking And Strategy Use: A New Perspective With Eyetracking Data, Joseph Pontorno
Spatial Thinking And Strategy Use: A New Perspective With Eyetracking Data, Joseph Pontorno
Theses and Dissertations
This paper explores spatial skill level and strategy use on the Paper Folding task using eyetracking data collection methods. Despite the popularity of self-report methods, the current research aims to provide a clearer understanding of how people approach visuospatial tasks. Test performances from 52 undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Chicago were recorded. A crucial component of this research is how eyetracking hardware and software were used to measure “toggles,” which are the eye movements that participants made across interest areas. Finally, we discuss how toggling relates to strategy use and the different decisions that high and low …
Preschool Teachers’ Knowledge Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) As It Relates To Accuracy Of Symptom Identification, Jessica Prizer
Preschool Teachers’ Knowledge Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) As It Relates To Accuracy Of Symptom Identification, Jessica Prizer
Theses and Dissertations
Although most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not diagnosed until after four years of age, they can and should be identified much earlier. Given that preschool teachers repeatedly observe children in social contexts, they are in a unique position to aide in the early identification of ASD, which can prompt the initiation of intervention services that mitigate levels of disability. Few studies exist that examine preschool teachers’ knowledge of ASD in the United States and no study to date has researched the relationship between knowledge and accuracy of symptom identification in this population. The current study aimed to …
An Analysis Of The Relation Between Vocabulary And Emotion Regulation: Toward Developing Problem Identification Tools For The School Setting, Ariella Gettenberg
An Analysis Of The Relation Between Vocabulary And Emotion Regulation: Toward Developing Problem Identification Tools For The School Setting, Ariella Gettenberg
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research suggests that the ability to describe one’s own emotions significantly impacts their overall emotional adjustment. The current study aimed to determine whether the relation between language and emotional adjustment extends beyond emotion vocabulary, to general vocabulary. Participants (n = 181) were administered measures of emotion vocabulary, general vocabulary, and emotional maladjustment. Results indicated that a general vocabulary measure cannot replace an emotional maladjustment measure but may serve as a proxy for emotion vocabulary in predicting mental health outcomes. Statistical analyses revealed that general and emotion vocabulary constructs are most closely related to mental health outcomes in the specific …
Effective Organizational Structure And Leadership Theory For Homeland Security Organizations, Lowell Dimoff
Effective Organizational Structure And Leadership Theory For Homeland Security Organizations, Lowell Dimoff
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Homeland (DHS) was borne of the fires of 9/11 and assigned the mission to protect America from terrorism, and what has subsequently grown into a broad range of threats. As evidenced by reports produced by governmental watchdog agencies and academic literature, DHS has been widely criticized for its response to a number of emergencies, and the morale of its workforce remains at or near the bottom of all federal government agencies. Using existing literature and theory as a baseline, this dissertation will examine organizational structure and leadership theory as applied to homeland security organizations through a comparative …
Measuring Irrational Beliefs Among Youth: Development Of The Children’S Irrational Response Checklist, Alexa K. Pata
Measuring Irrational Beliefs Among Youth: Development Of The Children’S Irrational Response Checklist, Alexa K. Pata
Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) are evidenced-based approaches that have been identified as effective for the treatment of psychological disorders among youth (Bernard & Terjesen, 2020). However, although beliefs and cognitions have been shown to be predictive of emotional and behavioral problems in children (Mogoaşe, Podină, et al., 2013), and modifications in cognitions have been shown to be vital for treatment (David et al., 2017), the research and psychometric properties surrounding measures designed to specifically assess irrational beliefs, self-statements, or automatic thoughts in youth are lacking due to theoretical and practical limitations (Terjesen et al., …
Therapeutic Alliance And Treatment Outcomes In Clients Of Color At A University-Based Training Clinic, Aimée Baez
Therapeutic Alliance And Treatment Outcomes In Clients Of Color At A University-Based Training Clinic, Aimée Baez
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the differences between diverse and Caucasian clients in their ratings of the therapeutic alliance and therapeutic outcomes. Data were collected from 166 participants from a University-Based training clinic in a metropolitan section in the northeastern, United States. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the relationship between ethnicity and the therapeutic alliance. Treatment outcomes included session frequency, working alliance, motivation to change in treatment, and overall quality of life. Results showed that ethnicity is positively related to working alliance, quality of life, and client’s motivation to treatment. In some cases, ethnicity was confounded by age and/or gender …
Gender, Attachment Patterns, And Mental Representations Of Parents And Self As Predictors Of Early Adolescents’ Trauma Symptoms, Bryan Blum
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
Gender, attachment patterns and mental representations of close relationships have not previously been used to predict trauma symptomatology in early adolescents. In this study, 109 eighth grade students ages 12-13 (44% female) were recruited from a private Manhattan middle school for academically advantaged, ethnically diverse students. The study took place over the course of four years, with each new group of participants providing data in September of their eighth grade year. Participants reported on trauma symptoms and the affective valence of their mental representations of self and parents, and school staff reported on participants’ attachment patterns. While boys reported more …
Family Invalidation And Cognitive Flexibility Within Asian Young Adults, Jennifer Lee
Family Invalidation And Cognitive Flexibility Within Asian Young Adults, Jennifer Lee
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
The concept of the “invalidating environment” is a core construct of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), serving as a defining component of Linehan’s biosocial theory (1993a). In this context, the understanding and practice of validation helps to strengthen the relationship between young adults and their caregivers. Research proposes that invalidation increases emotion dysregulation and impairs cognitive processing ability (Martel and Fuchs, 2017). Cognitive flexibility, which allows individuals to adapt to distressing, changing environments, seems to play an important role in emotion regulation. Cognitive flexibility within Asian children has been studied in the context of family conflict and parental rejection (Ahn, Kim, …
The Effectiveness Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy For The Treatment Of Substance Use Problems: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Deena Warshaw
The Effectiveness Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy For The Treatment Of Substance Use Problems: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Deena Warshaw
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
Millions of people worldwide use and misuse psychoactive and alcoholic substances, which can cause a plethora of negative outcomes (WHO, 2018). A handful of studies have researched the efficacy of psychodynamic interventions in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for individuals with substance use problems, with most only examining treatment for specific substances (Crits-Christoph et al.; Imel et al., 2008). These studies are thus limited by their narrow focus on specific substances, and their (between-group comparison) findings have not always been consistent. The present study aims to fill several gaps in the literature, in part by broadening the types of eligible outcome …
The Raw Material Of Beauty: A Qualitative Study Of Actors' Perceptions Of Creativity And Mental Health, Alexander J. Seife
The Raw Material Of Beauty: A Qualitative Study Of Actors' Perceptions Of Creativity And Mental Health, Alexander J. Seife
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
The following qualitative study aims to further the literature's understanding of actors' attitudes regarding the connection between mental health and creativity. Generally, there has been a one-way relationship between the field of psychology and acting, in that actors have utilized the field of psychology to inform character development, while scare psychological research has been completed with actors as a sample. For this study, 12 professional New York-based actors, ages 22-56, participated in individual interviews with the principal investigator via on-line video conferencing. Interviews were conducted in order to: (a) better understand actors' beliefs about the relationship between creativity and mental …