Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Policy Overview (July—August, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Constructing Supportive Institutional System To Attract Social Investments To Fund Scientific Research, Ying Wang, Jialing Lyu, Yingming Li, Wei Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Innovation always originates from scientific research (basic research and applied research). Investing in scientific research can create new products and new industries, and bring continuous and huge profit. It appeals to a wide range of social investment from market to fund scientific research in recent years. Such economical return, however, is often thwarted by the high risk and uncertainty of scientific research. The main obstacle to the social investments funding scientific research is analyzed in this paper and then some examples are presented as well. It illustrates that it is crucial for public policy to shorten the gap between the …

Research On Strategic Transformation Of Consumer Goods Standardization For The New Development Stage, Shengnan Ma, Xuhua Wang, Ximin Sun, Yanbing Du, Ling Yan, Yi Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Small products and large integration of consumer goods is a tangible carrier reflecting a country's innovation capacity, manufacturing capacity and international competitiveness, and a physical embodiment of meeting people's needs for a better life. The marketization of China's consumer goods industry developed early and has played a leading role in stimulating the domestic cycle and promoting the international cycle for a long time. The standardization of consumer goods and industrial practice have been coordinating with each other and making mutual adaptations from the beginning, and have gone through the stages from scratch, to fast development and to sound development. This …

Discussion On Approaches To Improving Soybean Supply Capacity In China, Feng Feng, Zhinan Zhang, Yongzhe Gu, Junpeng He, Zhixi Tian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Soybean is one of the most important crops for food and oil. The soybean demand has been increased in recent years in China. Since China has limited soybean production capacity, it has been importing increasing amount of soybean from abroad. It is a critical topic for China to develop the soybean production and expand the import channels to ensure food security. Based on the soybean demand-supply situation from 2011 to 2020, this paper discussed the problems including severely insufficient domestic production and supply, high level of reliance on international supply, and limited import channels. It put forward suggestions on approaches …

Exploring Selection And Cultivation Of China’S Top Innovative Talents: Multi-Case Evidence-Based Research On Educational Practice, Yonghe Zheng, Xuanyang Yang, Yong Xie, Jingying Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The cultivation of top innovative talents has been widely concerned. China has carried out many useful practices in this field, especially at the higher education level, which has formed various distinctive talent cultivation models. This study summarizes and analyzes the experience of selecting and cultivating talents in the Special Class for the Gifted Young at the University of Science and Technology of China, the juvenile class of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yuanpei College of Peking University, Tsien Excellence in Education Program of Tsinghua University, and Xinstitute of Shenzhen. It concludes that the cultivation of top innovative talents in China emphasizes characteristics …

Theoretical Thinking Of Artificial Ecosystem For Modern Marine Ranching, Dewen Ding, Anning Suo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on the systematic review of the conceptual evolution process of marine ranching and its development of practice, this paper pointed out the problems existing in the construction of marine ranching in China, such as lack of theoretical support, lack of ecological engineering technologies, and lack of ecological management. It then proposed the concept of marine ranching artificial ecosystem. In addition, the paper analyzed the structural principle of marine ranching artificial ecosystem from the viewpoint of cultivating key functional communities and habitat construction for the marine ranch fishery resources. Finally, the paper discussed the theoretical framework of the modern marine …

Think Tank Science And Engineering: Construction Of New High-End Think Tank Starts From Specialization And Scientifization To Disciplinization—Interview With Professor Pan Jiaofeng, Editorial Office Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Ethical Questions In Life-History Interview Research, Anne Rothe

The Qualitative Report

Having interviewed Germans who emigrated to Israel and, in most cases, converted to Judaism, I experienced a paralyzing sense of ethical conflict when I began analyzing the first order discourse my participants and I had co-constructed to transform it into the second-order discourse of research publications. So, I set out to rethink the ethics of life-history interview research. My quest into our ethical responsibilities began with rule-based deontological and consequentialist ethics and the guidelines in the social sciences they inform. It led me to reconsider such core notions as informed consent, privacy, and risk-benefit analysis. I came to realize that …

The Growth Of Firms, Markets And Rents: Evidence From China, Daniel Berkowitz, Shuichiro Nishioka

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Using recent methods for estimating firm-level markups and profit shares, we document that Chinese manufacturing firms collected more rents following China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This is because the net entry of firms lagged the massive growth in the domestic market. These effects were particularly strong in domestic markets where state ownership was pervasive. While selection on large productive firms drove the rise in the aggregate markups in the United State (De Loecker et al, 2020), these competitive forces played a secondary role in Chinese manufacturing.

Inequality As A Barrier To Economic Integration? An Experiment, Gabriele Camera, Lukas Hohl, Rolf Weder

ESI Working Papers

International economic theory suggests that people should embrace economic integration because it promises large gains. But policy reversals such as Brexit indicate a desire for economic disintegration. Here we report results of an experiment of how size and cross-country distribution of gains from integration influence individuals’ inclination to cooperate to reap its intended benefits and to embrace or reject integration. The design considers an indefinitely repeated helping game with multiple equilibria and strategic uncertainty. The data reveal that inequality of potential gains neither affected behavior nor reduced support for economic integration. However, integration may lead to disappointing, unequally distributed welfare …

Development And Pretesting Of Prescription Opioid Misuse Prevention Messages: Results And Implications For Practice, Holli H. Seitz, Mary Nelson Robertson, Je'kylynn Steen, Sarah G. Dulaney, David R. Buys

Publications

Well-designed health communication campaigns can contribute to the uptake of preventive behaviors, but there has been a lack of attention on using communication research to develop opioid misuse prevention messages. We report the results of two studies designed to inform the development of prescription opioid misuse prevention messages for adults ages 30–59. In Study 1, 16 adults across 4 counties participated in semi-structured interviews to provide input on message concepts addressing six key prescription opioid misuse prevention behaviors. In Study 2, 1,335 adults completed an online, survey-based between-subjects experiment in which participants were randomized to a no message control condition …

“My Companion Through The Pandemic”: The Importance Of The Human-Animal Bond During Covid-19, Christine Krouzecky, Jan Aden, Anastasiya Bunina, Katharina Hametner, Armin Klaps, Zuzana Kovacovsky, Nora Ruck, Birgit Ursula Stetina

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

The COVID- 19 pandemic, due to its global biopsychosocial effects, encourages re-search regarding the promotion of health. Studies in this area concentrate on the human–animal bond as a source of physical and psychological well- being (Shoesmith et al., 2021). In this context, contradictory results have been reported, which on the one hand underline the positive influences of animal companionship on humans’ well- being (Ratschen et al., 2020), and on the other hand demonstrate contrary effects (Mueller et al., 2021). Based on inconsistent findings, the present study aimed to investigate to what extent the human–animal bond influences different psychosocial parameters (including …

Mirrored Windows Theory And The Nypd: Does Heavy Surveillance Policing Translate Into Greater Use Of Force, Deborah A. Carroll

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

“Why Do I Have To Send My Child There?” How Low-Income And Working-Class Black Mothers Perceive School Choice In Washington, D.C., Brian Robinson

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Despite being cemented into the American education system, school choice policies remain controversial among scholars, practitioners, policy makers, and education reform advocates. This study seeks to understand how low-income and working-class parents, for whom school choice advocates claim these policies are intended to benefit, perceive school choice and what motivates these perceptions. In particular, this study focuses on low-income and working-class Black mothers who are often disadvantaged in the education marketplace. Taking advantage of a relatively robust school choice system in Washington, D.C., the author interviewed 10 low-income and working-class Black mothers. The mothers in this sample see school choice …

State Tanf Spending: Does Devolution Matter?, Rhucha Samudra

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Using the state-level panel data, this study examines the role of Second-Order Devolution (SOD) in state TANF spending patterns. The study uses the Within-Between RE model to examine this connection. No statistically significant effect of second-order devolution is observed. The race continues to be a strong predictor of state funding and complex effects for Black, Hispanic, and Asian clients are observed. Such effects encourage a nuanced discussion of the racialization of welfare policy beyond the dichotomous exploration of black-white differences. Implications of this evidence are discussed.

Race And The Rush To Reopen Schools During Covid-19, Emily M. Farris, Heather Silber Mohamed

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

While the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted student learning in the spring of 2020 and impacted nearly all of the 55 million students in kindergarten to 12th grade nationwide, it also magnified significant racial inequities in schools and society. Generations of systemic racism left communities of color and their neighborhood schools more at risk during the crisis. Over the summer of 2020, school leaders and communities considered whether to reopen school campuses or keep buildings closed for the 2020-2021 academic school year, and media began to highlight racial and ethnic difference in attitudes about those plans. Consistent with popular …

Impact Of Stand Your Ground, Background Checks And Conceal And Carry Laws On Homicide Rates In The U.S, Sounak Chakraborty, Charles E. Menifield, Ranadeep Daw

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

In recent years, the number of gun related killings appear to be on the rise. In fact, data show that gun related murders rose 32% between 2014 and 2017 (Gramlich 2019). While the second amendment to the U.S. Constitution allows citizens to bear weapons, many states have passed additional laws regulating the industry. These include restrictive and prohibitive laws. The goal of this paper is to assess the impact of changes in hand gun related legislation on firearm homicide rates in the United States for the period 1999-2015. More specifically, we focus on the impact of stand your ground, right …

Changing The Social Equity Language Game In Public Administration: An Ethical Perspective, Diana P. Negron, Parisa J. Vinzant, Staci M. Zavattaro, Adam M. Butz

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

none

Managed Racial Capitalism: Understanding The Bureaucratic State’S Racialized Practices In Detroit, Michigan, Meghan Wilson, Prentiss A. Dantzler, Jason D. Rivera

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Public administration navigates an important place in governing in that it is multidisciplinary and focused on practice, thus all theories need to be prepared to face critique from the people. At this watershed moment of social justice, political reckoning, and revolutionary imagination, it is key that public administration contends with the racist logics driving the field and the practice. In this article, we examine the ways that the current governing system fails to account for the racialized political economy, thus reproducing the inequality inherent in that system. The paper poses two questions: 1) How does the public administration of local …

Strategies For Introspection And Instruction Towards Antiracism In Public Management And Administration, Rachel Emas, Megan E. Hatch, Del Bharath, Tia Sherèe Gaynor

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

To be anti-racist is to be actively engaged in the fight against racism, as inaction only serves to reinforce racism and oppression. In teaching the next generation of public servants, educators have a responsibility to be antiracist in their classrooms. The development of this antiracist approach requires both introspective and instructional efforts. Building on knowledge from Critical Race Theory, Black Feminism, intersectionality, and public service pedagogy, this article discusses the internal work that educators must undertake to become antiracist before teaching students how to do so. Then, the article explores what steps faculty can take towards building an antiracist pedagogy …

What The Hell Is Wrong With America? The Truth About Racism And Justice For All, James E. Wright Ii, Stephanie Dolamore, Rajade M. Berry-James

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

A Call For Racial Justice And Improving Equity In Policing, Education, And Childcare, Charles E. Menifield

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

Reflections On Studying With A Neurodiverse Difference, Keith Murphy

Other resources

No abstract provided.

Science And Engineering State Indicators: Mountain West States, Olivia K. Cheche, Kristian Thymianos, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Higher Education

This fact sheet examines the Science & Engineering State Indicators database from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.

Possible Gender Differences In The Level Of Perceived Social Support In Couples Who Are Experiencing Issues With Infertility., Maya Pinzon, Shawna Rotoli

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Objective The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are gender differences in the level of perceived social support in couples experiencing issues with fertility. Methods A total of 938 participants aged 18-47 years, with self-reported issues of infertility, were evaluated using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) which comprises three subscales which correspond with distinct sources of social support: significant other (SO), family, and friends. Differences between sexes for total score and for all subscale scores were subsequently analyzed using SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp, Armonk, USA). Results Mean total scores and scores on all subscales …

Lanthorn, Vol. 57, No. 05, September 19, 2022, Grand Valley State University

Volume 57, August 1, 2022 - April 10, 2023

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

“Be A Pattern For The World”: The Development Of A Dark Patterns Detection Tool To Prevent Online User Loss, Jordan Donnelly, Alan Dowley, Yunpeng Liu, Yufei Su, Quanwei Sun, Lan Zeng, Andrea Curley, Damian Gordon, Paul Kelly, Dympna O'Sullivan, Anna Becevel

Articles

Dark Patterns are designed to trick users into sharing more information or spending more money than they had intended to do, by configuring online interactions to confuse or add pressure to the users. They are highly varied in their form, and are therefore difficult to classify and detect. Therefore, this research is designed to develop a framework for the automated detection of potential instances of web-based dark patterns, and from there to develop a software tool that will provide a highly useful defensive tool that helps detect and highlight these patterns.

Doing More With A Dm: A Survey On Library Social Media Engagement, Jason Wardell, Katy Kelly

Roesch Library Faculty Publications

Objectives – This study sought to determine the role social media plays in shaping library services and spaces, and how queries are received, responded to, and tracked differently by different types of libraries.

Methods – In April and May of 2021, researchers conducted a nine-question survey (Appendix A) targeted to social media managers across various types of libraries in the United States, soliciting a mix of quantitative and qualitative results on prevalence of social media interactions, perceived changes to services and spaces as a result of those interactions, and how social media messaging fits within the library’s question reporting or …

Usage And Impact Of Benefits Among Frontline Healthcare Workers, Mathieu Despard

Social Policy Institute Research

We completed a study about frontline healthcare workers – the benefits they get through work and how they are doing financially. This brief provides highlights from our survey to 2,321 workers and interviews with 30 workers.

Chimes: September 19, 2022, Calvin University

Chimes

Calvin to invest in goals of Strategic Plan for Athletics, including possible football team by Lauren Nyong

Between grief and hope: Social work at Calvin a program in recovery by Katie Rosendale

With no COVID restrictions, campus navigates new normal by Grace Buller

Remote job opportunities come with benefits and drawbacks for students and alumni by Ezra Cracker

Rhetoric Center reaches across campus with resources for all disciplines by Emily Thomas

Engineering professor aims to start conversations about gender diversity in make-dominated field with new book by David Ogboro

Behind the screens: a graduate student's journey from band director to …