Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Bilingual Interactional Contexts Predict Executive Functions In Older Adults, Hwajin Yang, Yue Qi Germaine Tng, Gilaine Rui Ng, Wee Qin Ng

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Drawing on the adaptive control hypothesis, we examined whether older adults' bilingual interactional contexts of conversational exchanges would predict important indices of executive functions (EF). We assessed participants' engagement in each bilingual interactional context - single-language, dual-language, and dense code-switching - and their performance on a series of nonverbal EF measures. Sixty-nine healthy older adults (M-age = 70.39 years; ages 60-93) were recruited from local community centers. We found that the dense code-switching context was associated with enhanced overall EF, but not individual facets of EF (inhibitory control, shifting, and updating). These findings held true when we controlled for a …

Deconstruction Of A Dialogue: Creative Interpretation In Comparative Philosophy, Steven Burik

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

It is common knowledge that Martin Heidegger’s attempts at engaging non-Western philosophy are very much a construct of his own making. This article in no way seeks to disagree with those observations, but argues two things: first, that Heidegger’s “dialogue” with his two main other sources of inspiration, the ancient Greek thinkers and the German poets, is not different in kind or in principle from his engagement with East Asia. One can of course quite easily argue that Heidegger’s main interest was the ancient Greek thinkers, and then the poets, and only lastly Asia. But this hierarchy in preference does …

Covid-19 Stress And Cognitive Failures In Daily Life: A Multilevel Examination Of Within- And Between-Persons Patterns, Nadyanna M. Majeed, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Mingyao Li, Jonathan L. Chia, Verity Y. Q. Lua, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed an extremely high number of lives worldwide, causing widespread panic and stress. The current research examined whether COVID-19 stress was associated with everyday cognitive failures, using data from a seven-day daily diary study of 253 young adults in Singapore. Multilevel modeling revealed that COVID-19 stress was significantly associated with cognitive failures even after adjusting for demographic factors, both at the within-person and between-persons levels. Specifically, individuals experienced more cognitive failures on days they experienced more COVID-19 stress (as compared to their own average levels of COVID-19 stress), and individuals who experienced more COVID-19 stress overall …

Think Your Way To Happiness? Investigating The Role Of Need For Cognition In Well-Being Through A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Approach, Verity Y. Q. Lua, Wei Ming Ooi, Siti A'Isyah Binte Mohd Najib, Christine Yin Ting Tan, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Angela K. Y. Leung, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

While the extent to which individuals engage in and enjoy cognitive abilities, commonly known as need for cognition (NFC), has been suggested to promote adaptive behaviors associated with well-being, there has not been a systematic examination of the strength of the relationship between NFC and well-being. This meta-analysis sought to examine the association between NFC and well-being. Based on 108 effect sizes extracted from 52 samples (50 records), a small to medium positive relationship (r = .20, 95% CI [.16, .23], p r|s = [.07, .45]). Exploratory moderation analyses showed that age moderated the relationship between NFC and well-being, whereby …

Demonstrating Law Library Value Through Mission-Centered Assessment, Amanda Watson, Amanda Karel, Amanda Runyon, Leslie Street

Library Staff Publications

This article presents a history of evaluation in U.S. academic law libraries, shares survey results about our collective professional mindset, and offers practical steps for law libraries that are ready to abandon a pervasive culture of evaluation.

Climate Entrenchment In Unstable Legal Regimes, Martin Lockman

Faculty Publications

American climate law is the subject of serious and ongoing debate, and policy change is part of the ordinary process of democratic governance. However, in recent years some policymakers have deliberately undermined climate action by injecting legal instability into American climate law. This Essay addresses a simple question: how can Americans build necessary climate infrastructure in the face of an unstable political and legal regime?

Some readers may be shocked by this question. Indeed, this framing is intentionally provocative. However, this Essay recognizes a simple fact: not all American polities, and not all American policymakers, are trustworthy and predictable partners …

Are Ride-Hailing Services Safer Than Taxis? A Multivariate Spatial Approach With Accomodation Of Exposure Uncertainty, Guocong Zhai, Kun Xie, Hong Yang, Di Yang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Despite many research efforts on ride-hailing services and taxis, limited studies have compared the safety performance of the two modes. A major challenge is the need for reliable mode-specific exposure data to model their safety outcomes. Moreover, crash frequencies of the two modes by injury severities tend to be spatially and inherently correlated. To fully address these issues, this study proposes a novel multivariate conditional autoregressive model considering measurement errors in mode-specific exposures (MVCARME). More specially, a classical measurement error structure is used to accommodate the uncertainty of mode-specific exposures estimated, and a multivariate spatial specification is adopted to capture …

Our Journey To “Concourse D”: A Student-Developed Space For Creating, Collaborating, And Developing Community In The Library, Katy Kelly, Adrienne Ausdenmoore

Books and Book Chapters by University of Dayton Faculty

This case study describes an academic library’s student-developed communal space for the purposes of creating, collaborating, and project development. The story begins with an exciting process and partnership developed between University of Dayton (UD) Libraries and UD’s Institute of Applied Creativity for Transformation (IACT). An IACT experiential learning program led 12 students to research and reimagine the role of the campus library, which resulted in Concourse D, “where projects take flight,” a prototyped transdisciplinary project development studio. This mutually beneficial process led the library to a user-centric mindset as they reimagined space as service; patrons as creators; and a new …

Snake In The Grass: Adapting Sex And Sexuality From Journalistic Truth To The Silver Screen, Patrick R. Johnson

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Sea Level Rise And Vulnerable Infrastructure: Wastewater, Virginia Coastal Policy Center, William & Mary Law School, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Coastal Policy Center

No abstract provided.

Sea Level Rise And Vulnerable Infrastructure: Wells, Virginia Coastal Policy Center, William & Mary Law School, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Coastal Policy Center

No abstract provided.

Sea Level Rise And Vulnerable Infrastructure: Roads, Virginia Coastal Policy Center, William & Mary Law School, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Coastal Policy Center

No abstract provided.

Nigerian Media: A Comparative Media Analysis, Temilade Inumidun Adeeko

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The comparative media analysis of Nigeria using Hallin and Mancini's model provides an insightful examination of the country's media system. Hallin and Mancini's model analyzes four dimensions: the degree of state intervention, the degree of political parallelism, the level of journalistic professionalism, and the role of the state. They offer three models of media and politics: The Liberal model, the Democratic Corporatist, and the Polarized Pluralist. Nigeria’s media system is characterized by high state intervention and political parallelism, significant control over media content by the state, a close relationship between the media and political parties, and a low level of …

Herstory 101: Examining The Representation Gap Of Bipoc Women Educational Leaders, Kinasha Brown

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how lived experiences influenced perceptions of leadership self-efficacy amongst Black, Indigenous, or Person of Color (BIPOC) women educational leaders in order to minimize future representation gaps in educational leadership. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 BIPOC cis-gender female leaders who worked in a large school district in the southwestern region of the United States. Results: Examining the social constructs of race, gender, leadership makes clear how BIPOC women are socially constructed as inferior and how that played out in this educational leadership settings. The interconnectedness of both approaches contributes to …

Evaluating The Impact Of Bitcoin On International Asset Allocation Using Mean-Variance, Conditional Value-At-Risk (Cvar), And Markov Regime Switching Approaches, Mohammadreza Mahmoudi

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This paper aims to analyze the effect of Bitcoin on portfolio optimization using mean-variance, conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), and Markov regime switching approaches. I assessed each approach and developed the next based on the prior approach’s weaknesses until I ended with a high level of confidence in the final approach. Though the results of mean-variance and CVaR frameworks indicate that Bitcoin improves the diversification of a well-diversified international portfolio, they assume that assets’ returns are developed linearly and normally distributed. However, the Bitcoin return does not have both of these characteristics. Due to this, I developed a Markov regime switching approach …

School Librarian Self-Efficacy Beliefs About Integrating Technology During Inquiry-Based Learning: A Mixed Methods Study, Joseph James Babb

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The purposes of this explanatory sequential mixed methods study were to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of school librarians about integrating technology during inquiry-based learning during the quantitative phase and then to explore how these practices about technology integration during inquiry-based learning were being implemented during the qualitative phase. This study was conducted to better understand the self-efficacy beliefs of school librarians and how they provided students with authentic and meaningful experiences when integrating technology during inquiry-based learning. For the quantitative strand of research, the Technology Integration Self-Efficacy Scale (Wang et al., 2004) was slightly modified to tailor it for school …

A Single-Case Alternating Treatments Design Utilzing Quantitative Electroencephalography To Observe And Measure Mental State Trends During Individual Participant Non-Nature-Based Small Initiative Adventure Therapy Experiences, Patrick Lane Robert Mcmillion

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This single-case alternating-treatments design research study observed and measured mental state trends during the counseling approach known as Adventure Therapy (AT) using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Participants wore a qEEG headset while participating in a multi-stage AT experience. Two problems were addressed in this study. The first was the lack of research in AT utilizing other empirical measures beyond subjective report surveys and the outcomes of specific programs. The second was the lack of neuroscientific measurement of counseling approaches and interventions within the field of counseling in general. There is a need for empirical evidence supporting AT to address access barriers …

Christianity And Mental Health Counseling: Voices Of The Black-Negro American Experience, Kyle Preston Goodwin

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The narration of the lived experiences of Black-Negro Christian Americans in relation to mental health counseling services is vital because opportunities for researchers and clinicians to hear their voices instead of a story written for them by the leading culture is created. Specifically, when it comes to Black-Negro spirituality and religion as part of Black-Negro culture, it is one of the most beautiful and intriguing experiences that exists. A critical theory paradigm is being used for how knowledge is created and disseminated for the purposes of social change. Narrative Qualitative research is used to capture the Black-Negro voice, along with …

Uruguayan Parents' Perceptions About Educational Segregation In Uruguayan Public Elementary Schools: A Case Study, Natalia Fernández

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Educational segregation has been increasing across public elementary schools in Uruguay producing negative effects on students’ outcomes, performance, and opportunities. It also affects social cohesion. Previous studies detect the presence of educational segregation in Uruguay, identify the predominance of socioeconomic segregation in education in the country, and study the relationships between public and private institutions. A review of the extant literature demonstrates there is a gap in the exploration of the possible factors that contribute to the phenomenon. Moreover, there is a need to know the perceptions and experiences of Uruguayan families about the influence of these factors in their …

Interactions Of Sexuality Training, Sexual Awareness, And Comfort With Sexual Discourse In Counselors-In-Training, Katie Adeline Rodenkirch

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Since the initial call to action nearly half a century ago, sexuality training has not been made a core component of counselor education. Despite this, upon graduation counselors are expected to be able to handle diverse client needs, some of which are likely to be sexual in nature. Nevertheless, there is limited research regarding counselor sexuality education or factors influencing counselor-in-training comfort with sexual discourse. The purpose of this research study was to determine the relationship(s) and interaction(s) between counselor-in-training sexuality training experience, sexual awareness, and comfort with sexual discourse. The study also explored group differences based on gender and …

Social Media, Gender, And Cancel Culture In The Punk Scene, Elizabeth Alexandra Mitchell

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis intends to examine the technological, political, and social dynamics surrounding the cancelation of musicians within the punk scene, specifically, modern Bay Area punk band, SWMRS. The technological dynamics involve the internet, networked publics, and digital politics. The social dynamics are not separate from sociality facilitated by social media and the networks they create. The politics of this context involves gender and the struggle over women’s agency to fight against sexual abuse and the social injustice it perpetuates. Because this thesis is interested in these issues within the context of popular music, it draws on the work on music …

The Impact Of Credit On Domestic Investment: Case Of West African Economic And Monetary Union Countries, Sylvie Sanou

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis evaluates the impact of credit offered by the banking system on the investment rate of seven West African countries that are members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries using data from the World Bank dataset from 1996-2012. Using a fixed effect model and random intercept model, I find that the credit offered by the banking system to private investors has a positive and statistically significant effect on the investment rate. In contrast, no significant effect was found for the credit offered by the banking system to the government. Further, I find a negative relationship …

Enhanced Maximum Likelihood Models For Underreported Variables: Extending To Multiple Claims Dimension, Shalaka Sudhanshu Sarpotdar

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis builds upon the foundations laid out in Xia et al. [2023], which explored the utilizationof Maximum Likelihood approach to model misrepresentation data in Generalized Linear Models (GLM) ratemaking models. We introduce the concept of “underreported variables”, a form of insurance misrepresentation where insured individuals provide inaccurate information about risk factors that influence insurance eligibility, premiums, and insured amounts. Unlike fraudulent misrepresentation, underreported variables arise from a lack of awareness regarding the insured’s mental and physical health conditions, rather than fraudulent intent. The study rigorously tests the proposed model using health insurance data and extends its applicability to other …

Essays On Parental Migration In China And Performance Of Two Asset Pricing Models, Yuqing Song

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation comprises two research strands. The first strand investigates the migration choices of parents in rural China and their specific impact on children's educational outcomes. The second strand delves into the realm of financial econometrics, focusing solely on the performance of two asset pricing models on days scheduled for important macroeconomic news announcements.

The first essay places emphasis on the migration decisions of two-parent households with school-aged children. The findings affirm the hypothesis that household characteristics, rather than each parent’s personal traits, play an important role in determining parents’ migration choices.

The second essay examines the short-run effects of …

A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Factors Associated With Burnout Among Early Childhood Education And Care Providers, Lee Wells

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Burnout among the early childhood workforce has gained widespread attention in research and policy due to greater awareness of the negative impacts on children, providers, and organizations. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) providers create supportive and nurturing environments that facilitate early learning and development for young children. Accordingly, ECEC providers are the connective tissue between program intentions and outcomes. Despite the critical nature of the field, early childhood providers continue to be underpaid, under-resourced, and undervalued, leading to a high risk of burnout. With turnover rates of ECEC providers higher than ever, the link between burnout and attrition has …

No More Prolonging Students’ Sense Of Belonging: A Content Analysis On The Issues And Resolutions Regarding Discriminatory School Discipline Outcomes For Students Of Color, Taren Renee Turner

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Racial discrimination in school discipline for students of color is steeped within the history of educational institutions throughout the United States. Despite the federal law Title VI, which prohibits discrimination in schools based on race, color, or national origin, discriminatory school discipline outcomes persist and perpetuate educational inequities and continued marginalization of students of color. The issue of disparate school discipline is attributed to implicit and explicit adult biases, cultural dissonance between teachers and students, and systemic issues in school discipline policies, such as subjective and vague definitions for minor discipline infractions and wide-sweeping zero-tolerance policies. As a result of …

The Mediating Roles Of Maternal Psychological Distress And Parenting On The Association Between Intimate Partner Violence And Adolescent Delinquent Behavior, Sophie K. Zolinski

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts one in four women in their lifetime, with the reported violence most commonly occurring around childbearing age. Unfortunately, children and adolescents are often unintended victims of IPV, and years of evidence suggest a strong link between maternal IPV and a host of negative adolescent outcomes, including a greater likelihood of engaging in delinquent behavior. Given the negative outcomes linked to adolescent delinquency, the field has been interested in identifying factors that contribute to the association between maternal experiences of IPV and adolescent delinquent behavior, such as the influence of maternal psychological distress and parenting. Many …

The Transition Into Higher Education For Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Tj Estabrook

Masters Theses

There are more students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in higher education now than ever before and these students need to be supported in ways that will guarantee their success. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of six students with ASD as they transition into higher education through the use of semi-structured interviews. What was discovered is that students with ASD typically overestimate the difficulty of academics and underestimate the amount of social interaction they will encounter at the college level. These students are able to identify aspects of themselves that help them to succeed …

The Toolkit For Social Support And Social Anxiety: S*A*S*S*, Cynthia E. Kmety

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to create a toolkit for social support and social anxiety using the Communal Coping method. There was background research conducted on social anxiety and social support, COVID impact, Communal Coping, and resilience and skill building. Before constructing the toolkit, a survey was conducted with 29 Eastern Illinois University students to measure their assessment of their social anxiety and social support. The results of this survey found that students have a need for social support and are affected by their anxiety. Once the toolkit: the workbook and the facilitator’s manual, were completed, a pilot class …

A Non-Profit As A Branded House: Douglas-Hart Nature Center And Foundation Branding Alignment, Skylar Fushi

Masters Theses

Branding plays a significant role in representing an organization and can help further its mission (Kylander & Stone, 2012). The purpose of this creative thesis is to help the Douglas-Hart Foundation and its three nature locations: the Douglas-Hart Nature Center, Friendship Garden, and the Whiteside Garden assess its branding and establish fitting strategies for the branding of the organization moving forwards. The method used to accomplish this was a brand audit of several key communication channels and documents of the organization and a SWOT analysis of these aspects along with suggested strategies and examples showing how the organization might integrate …