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Articles 70351 - 70380 of 658879

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Labor Market And Inequality, Daisuke Nakamura Jan 2023

Labor Market And Inequality, Daisuke Nakamura

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation primarily centers its attention on the issue of income inequalitieswithin the labor market of Japan. The overarching theme of the three chapters revolves around the disparity in income among households. Each chapter initiates its analysis from a macroeconomic structural perspective. The first chapter scrutinizes whether part-time employment functions as a mechanism for adjusting labor supply during business cycles. The second chapter delves into the retirement decisions undertaken by elderly workers, while considering factors such as the social security system, taxation, and the transition from full-time to part-time employment. Lastly, the third chapter presents empirical studies that utilize regression …

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Health And Health Care Access In Rural Hospital Markets In The Us, Xue Wu Jan 2023

Health And Health Care Access In Rural Hospital Markets In The Us, Xue Wu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The first chapter examines whether losing access to hospital-based emergency department services play a role in heightening mortality in rural areas using Vital Statistics death certificate records from 2005-2018. Our analysis reaches several results. First, rural populations residing in counties experiencing complete loss of emergency department services suffer an increase in mortality from drug overdoses for two years. The effect is mainly driven by males aged between 15-44 living in the Rust Belt. Such effect is stronger among Black and Hispanic individuals than white individuals. Second, in the Mountain Census Division, which is a geographically dispersed region, rural populations residing …

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Counterfactual Thoughts And Their Relationship With Justice Perceptions, Wei Yang Sim Jan 2023

Counterfactual Thoughts And Their Relationship With Justice Perceptions, Wei Yang Sim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Justice perceptions have been shown to be important to work outcomes, but their cognitive precursors are less understood. Fairness Theory offers a potential mechanism to help explain how they are formed. An experiment with 292 student respondents was conducted to study the effects of justice (i.e., just, ambiguous, unjust) and target (i.e., supervisor, organization) manipulations on counterfactual thought generation (i.e., mental simulations of plausible alternative realities) with the objective of elucidating the mechanism by which justice perceptions are formed. Findings suggest that negative counterfactual thoughts are prevalent explanatory vehicles that are used by individuals to make sense of justice-related situations. …

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How Municipalities Transition To Renewable Energy And Address Problems That Occur In The Process: A Comparative Case Study Of Four Texas Municipalities, Ju-Ying Yang Jan 2023

How Municipalities Transition To Renewable Energy And Address Problems That Occur In The Process: A Comparative Case Study Of Four Texas Municipalities, Ju-Ying Yang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The dissertation revolves around the central theme of municipal transitions to renewable energy, with a comprehensive exploration presented through three interconnected papers. Each paper addresses unique aspects of the overarching theme while complementing and building upon the findings of the others. The first paper serves as the foundation, developing a model of local energy transitions and emphasizing the significance of contract risk management for municipalities to achieve complete energy transitions. It highlights the potential setbacks and incomplete transitions that can occur without effective contract risk management. Expanding on the initial model, the second paper identifies different pathways and explores the …

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An Inquiry Into Students’ Use Of Space And Time On Campus, Nahide Gelgec Jan 2023

An Inquiry Into Students’ Use Of Space And Time On Campus, Nahide Gelgec

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study has explored student’ use of space and time on campus at a public, urban research university in the northeast region of the United States. The study aimed to uncover how students spend time in classrooms and, separately, in public spaces (other than classrooms) on campus. The study complements prior work on the use of space in higher education in two ways. First, it extends what is known about how much time students spend (hours per week, times visited per week) in different kinds of campus space. Further, its focus on behavior – the decisions of students on where …

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A Comparison Of Teacher Evaluation Systems In New York State And Finland - Are There Alternatives To Appr?, Lindsay Tresansky Jan 2023

A Comparison Of Teacher Evaluation Systems In New York State And Finland - Are There Alternatives To Appr?, Lindsay Tresansky

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Annual Professional Performance Review (APPR) system in New York State (NYS) has been called into question by educators since its adoption nearly 10 years ago, yet it remains the mandated evaluation system in NYS schools today. Much of the concern has been over changes such as assigning teachers final evaluation scores, as well as for the added emphasis of students’ state assessment results on teachers’ individual final evaluation scores. In fact, the US Secretary of Education continues to promote the importance of administering high-stakes standardized tests, in spite of educator feedback expressing concerns on the impacts of the COVID-19 …

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The Grass Is Greener On The Other Screen : A Moderated Mediation Analysis Of Social Media Use, Upward Social Comparison, And Social Support On Depression And Social Satisfaction Among College Students, Phoebe Edgerton Long Jan 2023

The Grass Is Greener On The Other Screen : A Moderated Mediation Analysis Of Social Media Use, Upward Social Comparison, And Social Support On Depression And Social Satisfaction Among College Students, Phoebe Edgerton Long

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Over the past decade, levels of depression and levels of social media use have risen considerably among college students in the United States. As such, a growing body of research has examined the relation between social media use and negative mental health outcomes among this population. However, research on the link between social media and depressive symptoms produces mixed and at times contradictory results. One evidenced mechanism is upward social comparison, by which a person perceives a peer to be better off than they are on social media, and subsequently makes negative evaluations about themselves. This study seeks to confirm …

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Value Alignment In Online Reviews: A Determinant Of Applicant Attitudes And Intentions, Henri T. Maindidze Jan 2023

Value Alignment In Online Reviews: A Determinant Of Applicant Attitudes And Intentions, Henri T. Maindidze

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Of interest in this study is the way organizational values communicated in online reviews are recognized and interpreted by job applicants in relation to their personal values, with this comparison potentially influencing their attitudes and intentions in relation to the organization. An ancillary research question is whether quantitative or qualitative reviews have a greater impact on applicant attitudes and intentions. Drawing on signaling theory, I employed an experimental vignette design to examine whether person-organization (PO) fit perceptions explain the relationship between value alignment and an applicant’s recommendation intentions and organizational attraction. The main effect of value alignment on PO fit …

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Verbal Barriers To Self-Compassion : The Frequency And Impact Of Frames Of Coordination And Opposition On Indices Of Distress And Well-Being, Shannon B. Underwood Jan 2023

Verbal Barriers To Self-Compassion : The Frequency And Impact Of Frames Of Coordination And Opposition On Indices Of Distress And Well-Being, Shannon B. Underwood

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Self-compassion has received increased attention as a process of change inevidence-based psychotherapies, owing to its relation with numerous positive health outcomes. Though several practices have been shown to increase self-compassion, our aim here is to evaluate the utility of one particular practice, namely loving-kindness or metta meditation (LKM). Despite evidence supporting biological and psychological benefits of LKM, other research has identified various nonspecific barriers and challenges associated with this practice that are linked with poor response to the practice itself. Relational Frame Theory (RFT) provides a behavioral and contextual perspective that may help clarify for whom LKM would likely …

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Using Classroom Assessments To Validate A Curriculum Sequence For System Dynamics Education, Monica Lynn De Tuya Jan 2023

Using Classroom Assessments To Validate A Curriculum Sequence For System Dynamics Education, Monica Lynn De Tuya

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The aims of university System Dynamics (SD) programs include the mastery of systems thinking skills, modeling skills, and/or application to solving real-world, dynamic, complex problems. Existing research has articulated learning sequences of what learners should know and be able to do, and when. It is called the competence development framework for learning SD (Schaffernicht & Groesser, 2016). A learning sequence is a hierarchy because it presumes that students must learn one learning goal in the sequence before they are able to learn the next. The hierarchical nature of this competence framework for SD has been validated via expert consensus of …

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Accounting For Student Performance In Online Higher Education, Mengdi Hao Jan 2023

Accounting For Student Performance In Online Higher Education, Mengdi Hao

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This paper uses a novel data on both students’ and teachers’ online participation with students’ administrative academic records and characteristics. The first chapter provides evidence that pre-pandemic lower-achieving students benefitted of the extra time they got during the Spring 2020 lockdown by doing more homework and completing the work assignments that counted towards the final grade, improving their academic performance relative to their pre-pandemic performance (relative to the change observed among higher-achieving students). Using difference-in-differences models and event-study analyses, both with individual fixed effects, we find that lower-achieving students’ Spring 2020 GPA improvement relative to their pre-pandemic academic performance (relative …

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Official Development Assistance (Oda) For Education In Middle East, North Africa (Mena) And South Asia (Sa) : Exploring Allocation Patterns Of Two Major Donor Agencies, The World Bank And United States Agency For International Development Between 1990 And 2015, Maria Ishaq Khan Jan 2023

Official Development Assistance (Oda) For Education In Middle East, North Africa (Mena) And South Asia (Sa) : Exploring Allocation Patterns Of Two Major Donor Agencies, The World Bank And United States Agency For International Development Between 1990 And 2015, Maria Ishaq Khan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation explores the allocation patterns of the official development assistance (ODA) by the World Bank (WB) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in eighteen developing countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and South Asia (SA) for the time-period, 1990-2015. Differing perspectives have been offered by researchers on donor motivations for ODA allocation such as ethical drivers, influence of endogenous country characteristics (educational, socio-political factors of recipient nations) and exogenous considerations (interest of the donor agency) as well as the role of international commitments. This study uses exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques to evaluate relevant …

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Three Essays On Sovereign Default, Jinwook Nam Jan 2023

Three Essays On Sovereign Default, Jinwook Nam

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The first chapter examines the cyclicality of debt in standard quantitative sovereign default model, the strategic default model. The standard strategic default model has been a canonical model to explain high consumption volatility in emerging markets with default risks, such as Argentina in 2001. These emerging markets with high default risks can be characterized by exhibiting procyclical debt behavior and high level of mean and volatility of interest rate spreads. However, the notion of only emerging markets default has changed, since the Southern European debt crisis starting in 2010. Greece defaulted and other countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, and …

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The Moderating Role Of Food Cravings In The Relationship Between Weight Suppression And Binge Eating And Purging In Emerging Adults, Susana Cruz Garcia Jan 2023

The Moderating Role Of Food Cravings In The Relationship Between Weight Suppression And Binge Eating And Purging In Emerging Adults, Susana Cruz Garcia

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Weight suppression (WS), the difference between an individual’s current and highest adult weight, is predictive of bulimic symptoms and poor eating disorder treatment outcomes, but findings from non-clinical samples have been mixed. Cravings are strong urges for specific foods that are subjectively difficult to resist. Food cravings are now widely conceptualized as cognitive-affective states characterized by intrusive thoughts that are perceived as distressing and can interfere with adaptive functioning. Food cravings are known antecedents of binge eating, but little is known about how they interact with WS. This study examines the obsessive-compulsive aspects of food cravings as potential moderators of …

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Three-Factor Model Of Behavior Intervention : Psychometric Properties Of The Behavior Intervention Self-Efficacy (Bise) Scale, Ayaka Hisanaga-Probst Jan 2023

Three-Factor Model Of Behavior Intervention : Psychometric Properties Of The Behavior Intervention Self-Efficacy (Bise) Scale, Ayaka Hisanaga-Probst

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study theorized the dimensions of classroom behavior intervention, hypothesizing that preparedness to handle perceived challenging behaviors would split into three factors: internalizing behaviors, attention-related behaviors, and social behaviors. Based on this theory, a psychological measurement, the Behavior Intervention Self-Efficacy (BISE) scale was developed. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the BISE, investigating the factor structure, validity evidence based on the relationship with a similar scale, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Furthermore, the variability of the BISE responses was analyzed based on demographic characteristics of the school environment, training background, work experience, and …

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Efficacy Of A Single Session Act-Based Intervention For Public Defender Attorneys: A Multiple Baseline Single Case Study, Lawrence Phillip Peterson Jan 2023

Efficacy Of A Single Session Act-Based Intervention For Public Defender Attorneys: A Multiple Baseline Single Case Study, Lawrence Phillip Peterson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Every day in the U.S., criminal courts render decisions that affect the people involved for the rest of their lives. Crucial to the functioning of these courts is the mental health of their public defender trial attorneys (Levin et al., 2012), who speak for the innocence and the rights of the accused. Since public defender work is highly demanding, both professionally and emotionally, their psychological distress is often high (Levin et al., 2012).It was reasoned that a brief training that teaches flexible responding skills could increase the psychological flexibility and decrease the general distress experienced by public defender attorneys. In …

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A Phenomenological Study Of Social Workers' Meaning Of Food, Mood, And Their Readiness To Adopt Dietary Interventions With Clients Who Are Depressed, Ronald Anthony Bunce Jan 2023

A Phenomenological Study Of Social Workers' Meaning Of Food, Mood, And Their Readiness To Adopt Dietary Interventions With Clients Who Are Depressed, Ronald Anthony Bunce

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As incidence of depression rises worldwide and treatment effectiveness remains flat, interest grows in developing novel treatments to improve outcomes for those seeking help for depression. Research on diet, nutrition, and depression suggests that food affects mood. The literature addresses how a certain dietary pattern may be incorporated in clinical treatment as a modifiable risk factor with those presenting with depression, but the voices of social workers are absent. Given that social workers are the largest providers of therapeutic services for those experiencing depression, the field has much to contribute to the development and assessment of new, non-pharmaceutical, treatment protocols. …

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Smartphones And Emotional Transfer : An Investigation Of Smartphone-To-Human Emotional Contagion, Stanislav Zavoyskiy Jan 2023

Smartphones And Emotional Transfer : An Investigation Of Smartphone-To-Human Emotional Contagion, Stanislav Zavoyskiy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

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Suicidal Ideation Of Asian College Students In The Us : The Roles Of Family Perfectionism, Imposterism, Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, And Relational Meaning In Life, Shangyun Zhou Jan 2023

Suicidal Ideation Of Asian College Students In The Us : The Roles Of Family Perfectionism, Imposterism, Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, And Relational Meaning In Life, Shangyun Zhou

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Suicide is the first leading cause of death for college-age individuals (17-24) in the US who identify as Asian and Pacific Islanders. Family perfectionism – discrepancy, defined as the perception of a gap between one’s performance and the family’s high standards, was found to be an important risk factor in this population due to the strong emphasis on interpersonal contexts in many Asian cultures. However, the current literature has not provided clear empirical support for the mechanisms through which family perfectionism exerts its impact on suicidal ideation. To fill this gap, the current study attempted to integrate the Interpersonal Theory …

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Morality, Context, And Crime Decision-Making, Shaina Herman Jan 2023

Morality, Context, And Crime Decision-Making, Shaina Herman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Recent criminological advancements increasingly aim to better understand criminal behavior in context. This is particularly true regarding how perceptions of legal sanction risk are anchored in reality and influence offending decisions. Yet research on extralegal considerations such as morality has not kept pace. The current dissertation integrates criminological morality literature, with psychological research on Self Concept Maintenance Theory (SCMT) and moral identity, into a perspective on moral decision-making dynamics that integrates personal and situational factors. I utilize three data collections containing randomized experiments to investigate the situational malleability of moral evaluations and the interrelatedness with moral identity and criminal intentions. …

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Examining Gandhian Ideals And The Feminized National Allegory In R.K Narayan's Waiting For The Mahatma, Fatama Zarin Khanam Jan 2023

Examining Gandhian Ideals And The Feminized National Allegory In R.K Narayan's Waiting For The Mahatma, Fatama Zarin Khanam

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the character of Bharati in R.K Narayan’s novel, Waiting for the Mahatma, as a prominent female figure of political agency and representation of the role Indian women took during the revolutionary movement. Yet, also argues that problems arise when the author uses a feminine character as a national allegory and represents her as “Mother India,” because it makes the category of woman homogenous, neglecting to recognize the intersectional identities that make the lives of women diverse and incomparable. Additionally, another aspect of this argument is that Narayan’s depiction of Bharati fits into …

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Thomas Malthus In East Asia : Population Policy, Elite Competition, And The Developmental State In East Asia, Yimang Zhou Jan 2023

Thomas Malthus In East Asia : Population Policy, Elite Competition, And The Developmental State In East Asia, Yimang Zhou

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

East Asia is one of the most important origins of government-led population control in the mid-twentieth century. The states in Japan (1946-62), mainland China (1958-73), Korea (1951-1961), and Taiwan (1949-1964) developed different discourses and intervening policies of population control. In particular, Japan witnessed a population regime of human resource paradigm aimed at higher labor quality in the early 1960s, while the Chinese government launched a Malthusian paradigm to accelerate capital accumulation by slowing down population growth in the early 1970s. The states of Korea and Taiwan also established the Malthusian paradigm in the 1960s and transferred it to the human …

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“Talking Sweet And Moving Quiet”: Trauma And Resiliency In Gang-Involved Girls In Belize, Kristcha Deguerre Jan 2023

“Talking Sweet And Moving Quiet”: Trauma And Resiliency In Gang-Involved Girls In Belize, Kristcha Deguerre

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Currently, the research exploring gangs in Belize is growing, with one exception; current research excludes gang-involved girls and women. Besides a previous pilot study conducted by this author, there is no known research on gangs in Belize that includes girls and women. Given the extent to which gang violence and activity is increasing within Belize, it is crucial to understand the entire gang-involved population in order to combat this growing social issue.

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The Burnout Crisis In Education : A Systematic Review Of Interventions To Ameliorate Burnout And Promote Self-Care In School-Based Professionals, Jacqueline Sturdevant Blass Jan 2023

The Burnout Crisis In Education : A Systematic Review Of Interventions To Ameliorate Burnout And Promote Self-Care In School-Based Professionals, Jacqueline Sturdevant Blass

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was to systematically review available research on interventions that aim to reduce burnout and/or promote self-care in school-based professionals. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to identify studies for inclusion. Six databases were reviewed and a total of 4,571 records were generated. The titles and abstracts of these articles were reviewed for the inclusion criteria, yielding 200 articles matching eligibility criteria. Additionally, 107 duplicates were removed, yielding 93 studies eligible for closer review. After reviewing these studies, a total of 59 studies were analyzed. Most studies included burnout as …

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The Role Of Micro-Business Owners’ Social Networks : Mutual Aid In Community-Led Economic Eevelopment, Kelly J. Gross Jan 2023

The Role Of Micro-Business Owners’ Social Networks : Mutual Aid In Community-Led Economic Eevelopment, Kelly J. Gross

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation sought to fill gaps in our knowledge of the role that social networks play in fostering economic development in low-income, urban, highly distressed communities. It utilized both a quantitative methodology using social network analysis (SNA) and a qualitative methodology using NVivo v.12 software to identify themes emerging from interviews and observation. Although social networks have empirically been shown to support better success rates for small businesses in the United States, less is known about micro-business networks and the contributions they make to economic development efforts in a low-income setting. The study focuses on “micro-business owners,” which were the …

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Lay Judges Vs. Lawyer Judges : How Much Difference Can A Law Degree Make?, Jingyi Fei Jan 2023

Lay Judges Vs. Lawyer Judges : How Much Difference Can A Law Degree Make?, Jingyi Fei

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

With about 13.2 million misdemeanor cases processed through the criminal justice system each year, an increasing number of researchers has shifted their interests from felony courts to lower criminal courts (Smith & Maddan, 2019). One aspect of these lower criminal courts that is of particular interest is the eligibility of non-lawyers to run for and hold judgeships. Although New York and 18 other states have permitted the employment of lay judges, court reformers have long questioned their ability to safeguard defendant’s due process rights. However, at no point in the history of agitation against lay judges have their critics sought …

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Immune System Dysfunction To Toxicant Exposure: An Examination Of Mismatch Theory With Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) And Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (P,P'-Ddt), Florence Lee Jan 2023

Immune System Dysfunction To Toxicant Exposure: An Examination Of Mismatch Theory With Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) And Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (P,P'-Ddt), Florence Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Exposure to environmental contaminants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can disrupt normal immune function. As POPs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p’-DDE, a metabolite of p,p’-DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are synthetic chemicals with long half-lives and can bioaccumulate and biomagnify within organisms throughout the food chain. This dissertation proposes that pollutant exposure can affect the immune system based on a sample of Native American women, thereby influencing human biological variation, and the development of an autoimmune phenotype. Data was collected from a sample of Native American women utilizing anthropometric measurements, medical diagnoses of autoimmune disease, autoimmune dysfunction symptoms, and serum samples. …

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Value Congruence And Employee Engagement: An Exploration Of Mechanisms, Laura Santiago Jan 2023

Value Congruence And Employee Engagement: An Exploration Of Mechanisms, Laura Santiago

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Employee engagement has been linked to a host of organizational outcomes such as turnover, commitment, and productivity, as well as employee outcomes such as depression, job satisfaction, and anxiety. As such, it is critical to understand how engagement can be fostered at work, or even predicted in applicants. Organizational culture has been linked to engagement, as well as person-job fit, but not enough research has been done on the link between organizational culture fit, or value congruence, and employee engagement. Specifically, not enough research has been done looking at why value congruence could lead to engagement. This study evaluates two …

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Street-Level Goals And Teacher Discretion: An Exploration Of Antecedents And Consequences, Heasun Choi Jan 2023

Street-Level Goals And Teacher Discretion: An Exploration Of Antecedents And Consequences, Heasun Choi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Scholars have long noted that street-level administration faces significant challenges due to ambiguous work environments and limited resources. At the same time, street-level bureaucrats exhibit widely different behavioral patterns when using discretion while scholars continue to examine their motives. Despite a substantial body of literature on street-level bureaucracy, little attention has been given to the connections between goal dynamics and street-level discretion. This dissertation addresses this gap by conducting three empirical studies that combine a survey of teachers’ priorities, time allocation, and working conditions with administrative data on student achievement. The studies explore the antecedents and consequences of street-level goals …

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Mindful Control Vs. Mindful Acceptance : An Experimental Evaluation Of The Acute Impact Of Intentions Guiding Mindfulness Practice On Psychological And Emotional Experiences, Eric Daniel Tifft Jan 2023

Mindful Control Vs. Mindful Acceptance : An Experimental Evaluation Of The Acute Impact Of Intentions Guiding Mindfulness Practice On Psychological And Emotional Experiences, Eric Daniel Tifft

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Mindfulness meditation (MM) has gained attention from the mainstream media and scientific communities due to its benefits in ameliorating psychological suffering, aiding in the treatment of physical conditions, and promoting well-being. However, a growing body of research suggests that MM may also produce unintended, adverse effects. Research in emotion regulation suggests that how people use MM may be critical in understanding both the benefits and iatrogenic effects of such practices. Emotion regulation science suggests that efforts to avoid, suppress, or otherwise control unwanted internal experiences are ineffective long-term strategies and can backfire, thus potentiating psychological distress. Conversely, acceptance of difficult …

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