Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Exploring School Administrators' Perceptions Of Zero Tolerance Policies For African American Female Students, Keysha D. Knight

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Zero tolerance policies disproportionately affect African American female students and contribute to their accelerated entry into the school-to-prison pipeline. Existing literature indicated that these policies subject African American female students to harsher disciplinary practices and that their behaviors were often misunderstood by school administrators. However, there is limited research on how school administrators’ discretionary implementation of zero-tolerance policies contributes to these disparities. The purpose of this general qualitative study was to explore how school administrators interpret and exercise discretion when implementing zero tolerance policies affecting African American female students through the lens of Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy theory. Four themes were …

The Role Of Green Infrastructure In Enhancing Flood Resilience: A Spatial Perspective, Jinhee Han, Yoomi Kim, Katsuya Tanaka

Center for Public Service Publications and Reports

The aim of this study is to empirically assess the effectiveness of green infrastructure (GI) in South Korea as a way to enhance flood resilience. We applied a spatial analytical approach to examine the impact of GI on flood resilience. Specifically, we tested spatial dependence with Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association, addressing it with spatial lag and spatial error models. We compiled government data on GI and other regional attributes for 226 administrative districts in South Korea. Unlike previous studies that focused only on damage costs, this study incorporated both damage and recovery costs to calculate flood …

Self-Concept Clarity And Relationship Satisfaction: The Mediating Role Of Approach And Avoidance Motives For Sacrifice Among Heterosexual Couples, Hannah F. Hatch

Theses and Dissertations

While individuals often engage in relational sacrifice to promote positive outcomes like connection (approach motives), they may also sacrifice for a partner to avoid negative outcomes like conflict (avoidance motives). These distinct motives for sacrifice have been repeatedly linked with divergent couple outcomes, yet little is known about the personal and relational factors which shape them. The current study addressed this gap using dyadic data from 289 mixed-gender couples to examine how self-concept clarity (SCC) predicted changes in relationship satisfaction via approach and avoidance motives for sacrifice. Participants represented diverse ethnic and sociodemographic backgrounds across all demographic regions of the …

Effective Courts Of Last Resort: The Supreme Court’S Limited Docket And The Rise Of The Courts Of Appeals As Final Arbiter On Minors’ First Amendment Rights, Lillian Powers

Honors Theses

This thesis explores how the Supreme Court’s power of selecting its own docket has resulted in fewer cases being addressed annually and its effect on minors’ First Amendment rights. Minors’ First Amendment rights is one of the many niche areas of law that do not receive hearings in front of the Supreme Court. My research shows that the Supreme Court’s neglect of these issues led to Court of Appeals taking on the role of a court of last resort. As precedent from select Supreme Court cases such as Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), Bethel School District …

Glass From The Past: A Chemical And Spatial Analysis Of French Container Glass From Fort St. Joseph, Ian Walraven

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Narratives, Neurons And Narcotics: The Neurological Impacts Of Biased Crime Media And How It Disproportionately Impacts Black And Brown Drug Defendants, Jade Celestine

Honors Theses

This thesis examines how crime media and neurological bias shape the experiences of Black and Brown drug defendants in the United States criminal justice system. Drawing on existing research in psychology and neuroscience, this explanation outlines the role of perception and threat detection in the formation of implicit bias while also emphasizing a need to expand the use of neurocriminology to all legal actors. Particular attention is given towards the influence of media portrayals of criminal cases, especially for drug-related offenses and how that impacts the audiences on a neurological level. An analysis of historical factors, such as the War …

Holding The Line: The Existential Threat To Dei Language And Values, Terrance Fitzsimmons, Larry Martinez, Jennifer Bishop, Darryl Rice, Florence Villesèche

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose – This article critically analyses and critiques the operationalisation of the Trump administration’s anti- DEI policies on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives in the United States of America and beyond. It specifically examines the attempt to silence DEI scholarship and practice, assessing the broader implications for social justice and global progress towards equity. The article also positions these attacks as an existential threat to DEI scholarship, scholars and practitioners, with the potential to reverse progress made since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The article serves as a call to action, urging the …

Responsibility Without Rescue: Community-Based Participatory Research, Legal Insecurity, And Ethical Accountability In Borderland Courtrooms, Ruben Morales Jr.

The Agora

In the context of immigration law and legal insecurity, this article examines how community-based participatory research (CBPR) reshapes ethical responsibility for researchers. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted during a National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (NSF REU) along the border between the United States and Mexico, the study reflects on how courtroom practices reproduce access to justice, how research itself influences what knowledge becomes visible, and how the researcher’s positionality influences ethical engagement. The article finds that doing ethical research in settings of legal precarity requires the researcher to shift from a neutral observer to an accountable participant, maintained …

Corrupt, Control, Repress, Noah Schimenti

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

This three-article dissertation discusses the competition for power and resources in regimes with weak or nonexistent democratic accountability. I begin with an overview in the introduction and then turn to the individual articles in each chapter. In chapter 2 I investigate the composition of post-conflict transitional power-sharing governments. I hypothesize that a greater number of rebel organizations included in the transitional government is associated with increased corruption levels. Using data on 44 post-conflict countries, I find little support for this hypothesis; the number of rebel organizations in the transitional cabinet has no effect on corruption levels.

In chapter 3 I …

Maternal Age And Income Moderate The Effects Of Infant Sleep Interventions On Maternal Sleep And Mood, Rachel Kerr, Afton Craig, Kara Mcrae Duraccio

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Introduction: Demographic and social factors, including maternal age, number of children, and income, may influence the success of sleep training approaches for infants based on differences in supports available and varying levels of maternal self-efficacy/confidence. This study investigated whether maternal income, age, and number of children moderated the effect of three infant behavioral sleep interventions on maternal sleep and mental health.

Methods: Mothers of infants (ages 5-10 months) were randomly assigned to basic sleep hygiene control, graduated extinction, or responsive parenting interventions to help improve the sleep of their infant. Mothers completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PROMIS Sleep Disturbance …

Fhss Collaborations: Departmental Cohesion And Inter-Departmental Ties, Sydney P. Goodson, Alexandra Williams, Aaron Hunter, Salem Hansen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This project analyzes patterns of faculty collaboration within the College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences (FHSS) at BYU using social network analysis of co-authorship data. As part of this research, we compiled data from Google Scholar on the 216 publishing faculty members within FHSS and their co-authorship connections. The study evaluates both internal cohesion and inter-departmental collaboration. Key measures include clustering coefficients to assess within-department cohesion, and degree and strength to capture the breadth and volume of collaborations across departments. Findings indicate that departments such as Sociology, School of Family Life, and Geography exhibit relatively high internal cohesion, suggesting …

Comparing The Effects Of Suicide Stigma Reduction Interventions On Adult Help-Seeking Intentions: An Experimental Investigation, Max Stivers

LSU Master's Theses

With relatively few individuals who experience suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors (STB) engaging in formal treatment, one critical aspect of bridging the treatment gap is to reduce barriers to their seeking help (WHO, 2014). Stigma regarding suicide and mental health help-seeking has been identified as a barrier to care, inspiring development of interventions and public health campaigns targeting stigma reduction as a means of increasing help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and behavior (Corrigan et al., 2004). However, because efforts focusing specifically on reducing stigma may fail to address other logistical and psychosocial barriers to engaging with treatment, their broader impact in promoting help-seeking …

Essays In The Political Economy Of Non-Democracies, Mate Malashkhia

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Over half of the world’s population lives under non-democratic rule, where citizen preferences are often ignored and institutions such as independent courts are generally absent (Gehlbach et al., 2016). In these regimes, elections do not serve as a viable mechanism for regime change: incumbents can, in principle, always rely on electoral fraud and declare victory. In addition, although opposition parties often exist, they face severe constraints in reaching the public due to state repression, slanted media environments, and limited access to resources and funding. While recent scholarship has increasingly focused on authoritarian politics, much of this work centers on incumbents’ …

When Metal Theft Becomes A Life Safety Crisis, Alan Saquella

Publications

By any traditional measure, scrap and metal theft has long been categorized as a property crime, costly, disruptive, and frustrating, but rarely viewed as an immediate threat to human life. That framing, however, no longer reflects reality. What was once considered a nuisance crime has evolved into something far more consequential, particularly when it intersects with critical infrastructure.

Building on the risks outlined in “Scrap Disposal: When the End of the Supply Chain Becomes a Brand and Public Safety Risk,” by Marcos Fontes, a more serious dimension comes into focus when essential systems are targeted. In these cases, the impact …

Morphology Extraction And Analysis Of Primary Soot Particles And Aggregates And Aggregates In Soot Tem Images Using Machine Learning, Timothy Paul Day

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Accurate characterization of soot morphology is crucial for understanding soot’s physical and chemical properties and their effects on climate and public health. Morphological characterization requires manual identification and segmentation of individual primary particles and aggregates, a labor-intensive and time-consuming process limits scale and reproducibility and contributes to uncertainty in climate models. Therefore, automated approaches are needed to reliably quantify soot morphology. This work develops SAGE (Soot Aggregate Geometry Extraction), an instance segmentation model and framework to segment primary particles in TEM images and extract morphological properties. Four key questions are addressed: (1) can the model achieve segmentation quality comparable to …

Memory Representations In Cortico-Hippocampal Systems, Angelique Ibanez Delarazan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Episodic memory often captures both the content of past events (e.g., people, places, and situations involved) and the specificity with which those events are remembered, ranging from summary-level to detailed recollection. Content-based theories, including the PMAT Framework, propose that cortical networks are organized around the types of information memories contain. In particular, the Anterior Temporal Network (ATN) supports entity representations, including characters, and the Posterior Medial Network (PMN) support contextual information, such as locations. Specificity-based theories, including the Trace Transformation Theory, propose that the level of recall specificity maps onto functional gradients within the hippocampus, with posterior regions (pHPC) supporting …

The Causes And Consequences Of Territorial Disputes, Amaan Charaniya

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines how external actors and events shape territorial disputes and their influence on domestic public opinion. While traditional approaches to international relations treat territorial conflicts as isolated bilateral interactions, I argue that disputes are interconnected across international actors and domestic arenas. Thus, external actors and proximate disputes influence how conflicts start and domestic foreign policy attitudes. The first chapter shows how borders imposed by third-party actors capture unstable political and geographical features that lead to border instability. Using original historical data and a unique typology of borders, I find that borders imposed by external actors increase the likelihood …

A Proposed Methodology For Online Asynchronous Therapeutic Dreamwork, Gregory Sparrow, Ryan Hurd, Yih-Jiun Shen, Kim Phetteplace

Counseling Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the acceptance of online “telemental” health as an alternative to sitebased service delivery. Concurrently, therapists have adopted various asynchronous virtual mental health resources, such as bulletin boards/forums, delayed chat, and email, to supplement traditional practice. Asynchronous dream sharing, pioneered in the early 1980s, has since supported online conferences and ongoing dreamwork communities. However, the potential of asynchronous therapeutic dreamwork (ATD) still needs to be explored. This article reviews the evolution of asynchronous online dream sharing and proposes that combining it with “co-creative” dreamwork—particularly the FiveStar Method—may generate distinctive contributions while providing greater safeguards than content-focused interpretive …

Florida Police Officers’ Reflections On Faith And Spirituality Through Lived Experiences, Steven Vose Mcgillicuddy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative phenomenological study examined how Florida police officers perceived changes in their spiritual and religious beliefs following prolonged exposure to critical incidents. The research question asked how officers interpreted, adapted, and transformed their spiritual or religious beliefs in response to repeated critical incident exposure. Nine sworn frontline officers participated and were interviewed using a semi structured protocol. Transcripts were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis. Three primary findings emerged: (1) Career and Impact captured cumulative occupational exposure that prompted moral appraisal and coping, and participants did not report uniform loss of faith; (2) Spiritual Belief followed three common trajectories—stability, strengthening/reaffirmation, …

Understanding And Alleviating Teacher Burnout: A Focus On Supports For Teacher Candidates, Meghan Glahn

Honors Projects

This Honors Project begins by analyzing the overall patterns of burnout, and then narrowing to the experienced pressures by special educators. This research topic highlights how stress arrives early during teacher preparation and increases for individuals entering special education. Research from various sources emphasize the prevalence of burnout and the contributing factors that often lead to mental and physical consequences. This study also has results from a survey involving Intervention Specialist majors that captures their college experiences with academic demands, emotional labor, and field placement expectations. The outcomes supported by literature and the survey demonstrate that teacher burnout is severe, …

Teaching The Rainbow: An Educator's Guide To Implementing Lgbtq+ Inclusive Curriculum In The Early Childhood Classroom, Alice Prosser

Honors Projects

This resource serves as a guidebook for early childhood educators interested in implementing LGBTQ+ inclusive curriculum in their classrooms. The guidebook includes rationale, addresses common objections educators may have, and provides examples of standards aligned lesson plans by grade level, as well as additional resources and suggestions.

Lived Experiences Of Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing (Emdr) Certified, Staci Ekblad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This phenomenological study explored counselors’ lived experiences of utilizing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with children ages 8 to 12 years of age. Guided by a Husserlian approach, the research examined how clinicians make meaning of adapting EMDR—traditionally conceptualized as a structured, eight-phase protocol—for developmental and relational responsiveness within child psychotherapy. Through phenomenological reduction and epoché, counselors described a shift in consciousness from viewing EMDR as a rigid procedure to experiencing it as a flexible, relationally attuned process grounded in the child’s lived world. Counselors described the phenomenon of implementing EMDR with children with playful adaptations and co-regulation. The …

Perceptions And Experiences Of Federal Employees Following The Dissolution Of Deia Initiatives, Angela Silva

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The federal government faces the ongoing challenge of sustaining a workforce that represents the diversity of the American public while navigating through policy changes that eliminated diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility initiatives. The federal government is public serving and is one of the largest employers in the United States. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of government employees navigating the termination of all diversity and inclusion programs through the lens of the antecedents and outcomes of inclusions model, which showed that inclusive leadership, climate and practices contribute to positive employee and organizational …

Psychosocial Characteristics Of North American Male Cannibals, Sheila A. Murphy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Criminal cannibalism is a rare form of violent offending that remains understudied despite public attention. This gap limits understanding of the psychosocial characteristics and life experiences of individuals who engage in cannibalistic behavior. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore psychosocial characteristics within the life experiences of North American males who engaged in cannibalistic behavior and identify common themes. Grounded in social control theory and self-control theory, the study examined how weakened social bonds and diminished self-regulation may relate to extreme deviance. The guiding research question focused on identifying common psychosocial characteristics within this population. A descriptive phenomenological …

Psychometric Properties Of A Newly Developed Self-Report Scale To Determine The Relationship Between Retained Primary Reflexes And Behavioral Signs And Symptoms In An Adult Population, Joan Marie Macmillan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many adults suffer from mental health issues, often caused by retained primary reflexes. There are current gaps in the literature surrounding primary reflex assessment methods. The purpose of this quantitative psychometric study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new behavioral self-assessment scale used to identify retained primary reflexes from behavioral indicators, while also determining if statistically significant relationships exist among study variables. The theoretical foundation for this cross-sectional study was based on the neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral work of Melillo, while conceptually benefiting from several neuroplasticity related frameworks, such as those developed by Ayres, Bach-y-Rita, and Masgutova. The self-report …

Leadership Practice And Organizational Culture In Reducing Burnout Among Sud Supervisors, Christine Arismendi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Burnout in supervisors/managers working in residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings poses serious threats to the agency, staffing, and client care. Behavioral health leaders need to understand how organizational culture and leadership practices shape burnout and resilience in their teams. This qualitative case study drew on the Leadership and Workforce categories of the Baldrige Excellence Framework to examine the influence of leadership and organizational culture on staff emotional well-being and resilience at a Boston-area nonprofit residential SUD treatment center. The study sought to answer: (a) how organizational culture and leadership affect supervisor and manager well-being and resilience; and (b) …

Church, Mosque, And State: The Impacts Of Sectarian Politics On Lebanon’S Democracy, Tonia Attie

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

As Lebanon seeks to reform multiple sectors of the country, it is crucial to understand how its consociational government, centered on religious identities, interacts with its citizens. Electoral accountability is the process by which an electorate holds politicians liable for their actions while in office. While previous studies, such as Vincent Hutchings’ “Public Opinion and Democratic Accountability,” have shown how electoral accountability functions within traditional party systems based on political ideology, there is little research on how accountability mechanisms operate in confessional party systems based on religion. This paper posits that within countries with confessional systems, voters are less able …

What's The Scoop On Life In New Hampshire? Youth Perspectives On New Hampshire As A Place To Live, Learn, And Work After High School, Elliot Ng, Jayson Seaman, Cindy L. Hartman, Andrew D. Coppens, Kate Moscouver, Hannah Falcone

Carsey Publications

To support its long-term economic vitality, New Hampshire must cultivate and retain its young talent. This brief analyzes the perspectives of New Hampshire youth and proposes actionable strategies that encourage them to build their futures in the state. While a majority of New Hampshire youth leave the state after high school, retention opportunities lie in leveraging what youth already love about the Granite State: Its natural environment, abundant outdoor amenities, and safe communities. By leveraging these assets and complementary policies such as expanding career-connected learning, promoting the abundance of in-state opportunities, and developing centralized social spaces, New Hampshire can create …

The Artificial Maintenance Of Relationship Satisfaction: Romantic Ai Companion Usage Sustains Emerging Adults' Human Romantic Relationship Satisfaction While Eroding Relationship Stability, Rebekah M. Hakala

Theses and Dissertations

As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly sophisticated, romantic AI companions--AI systems designed to simulate romantic, emotional, or sexual relationships--have emerged as a novel relational phenomenon. Nearly one in four emerging adults now engage with romantic AI companions, yet little is known about how this usage affects their romantic human relationships. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and the Investment Model of Commitment, and employing structural equation modeling, this thesis uses data from 2,431 emerging adults in romantic relationships to examine whether romantic AI companion usage influences relationship satisfaction and relationship stability among emerging adults in the United States (ages 18-30), and whether …

Three Papers On The Impacts Of Electoral Rules On The Behavior Of Politicians, Jordon Tyler Newton

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is composed of three papers that examine the ways that electoral rules may provide elites incentives that cut against citizen interests. In the first, titled ``Maybe Later: Term Limits and Strategy Behind Candidate Entry," I use the context of term limits to reexamine conditions for candidate entry. I argue they reduce the number of candidates who challenge incumbents, leading to a lock-in effect. By increasing the frequency of open races, term limits incentivize potential challengers to wait for an open race. To demonstrate this, I analyze primary data from 85 legislative chambers in 44 states over a two-decade …