Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Beneath I-280: Excavating A Neighborhood Lost To San José Freeways, Leila Ullmann, Gordon Douglas

Mineta Transportation Institute

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, thousands of people in San José, California were displaced from their homes as the state used eminent domain to purchase land and uproot neighborhoods for the construction of Interstate freeways. This report presents a multifaceted research and public knowledge effort that uncovers some of the communities buried beneath these freeways, in the area where I-280 and CA-87 meet today near downtown San José. The project builds primarily from previously unprocessed California Department of Transportation (CalTrans) archival documents, which this project studies for the first time. The records are rich in detail about valuation and sale …

Understanding Workforce Diversity In The Transit Industry: Establishing A Baseline Of Diversity Demographics, Asha W. Agrawal, Evelyn Blumenberg, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Brittney Lu

Mineta Transportation Institute

This study provides baseline data on the status of the racial/ethnic and gender diversity of the transit agency workforce in the U.S. and identifies potential barriers and promising practices for diversifying this workforce. Public transit agencies function best when the diversity of their workforce represents the communities they serve, yet previous research finds an underrepresentation of women and minorities in senior and managerial roles, along with an overconcentration of men and workers of color—particularly Black workers—in operational roles (e.g., drivers, janitors).

The study updates those earlier studies with newer data drawn from five discrete research tasks: 1) review of the …

Men Are From Mars And Women Are From Venus: Dyadic Collaboration In The Metaverse, Shu Schiller, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Andy Luse, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Purpose: The gender composition of teams remains an important yet complex element in unlocking the success of collaboration and performance in the metaverse. In this study, the authors examined the collaborations of same- and mixed-gender dyads to investigate how gender composition influences perceptions of the dyadic collaboration process and outcomes at both the individual and team levels in the metaverse. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on expectation states theory and social role theory, the authors hypothesized differences between dyads of different gender compositions. A blocked design was utilized where 432 subjects were randomly assigned to teams of different gender compositions: 101 male dyads, …

What Do Consumers Understand About Predispute Arbitration Agreements? An Empirical Investigation, Roseanna Sommers

Articles

The results of a survey of 1,071 adults in the United States reveal that most consumers do not pay attention to, let alone understand, arbitration clauses in their everyday lives. The vast majority of survey respondents (over 97%) report having opened an account with a company that requires disputes to be submitted to binding arbitration (e.g., Netflix, Hulu, Cash App, a phone or cable company), yet most are unaware that they have, in fact, agreed to mandatory arbitration (also known as “forced arbitration”). Indeed, over 99% of respondents who think they have never entered into an arbitration agreement likely have …

The Dichotomy Of Threat And Deprivation As Subtypes Of Childhood Maltreatment: Differential Functional Connectivity Patterns Of Threat And Reward Circuits In An Adult Trauma Sample, Michael T. Liuzzi, Farah Harb, Kevin Petranu, Ashley A. Huggins, E. Kate Webb, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Jessica L. Krukowski, Tara A. Miskovich, Terri A. Deroon-Cassini, Christine L. Larson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced activation of the nucleus accumbens, , a central region in the reward network, and overactivity in the amygdala, a key region in threat processing. However, the long-lasting impact of these associations in the context of later-life stress is not well understood. The current study explored the association between childhood threat and deprivation and functional connectivity of threat and reward regions in an adult trauma sample.

Methods

Trauma survivors (N = 169; mean age [SD] = 32.2 [10.3] years; female = 55.6%) were recruited from a level I trauma center. Two weeks after …

Experiences Of Racial Discrimination And Adverse Gene Expression Among Black Individuals In A Level 1 Trauma Center Sample, Claire M. Bird, E. Kate Webb, Steven W. Cole, Carissa W. Tomas, Jennifer M. Knight, Sydney C. Timmer-Murillo, Christine L. Larson, Terri A. Deroon-Cassini, Lucas Torres

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Up to 40% of individuals who sustain traumatic injuries are at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the conditional risk for developing PTSD is even higher for Black individuals. Exposure to racial discrimination, including at both interpersonal and structural levels, helps explain this health inequity. Yet, the relationship between racial discrimination and biological processes in the context of traumatic injury has yet to be fully explored. The current study examined whether racial discrimination is associated with a cumulative measure of biological stress, the gene expression profile conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), in Black trauma survivors. Two-weeks (T1) and …

Struvite-Phosphorus Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant And Soil Response In A Furrow-Irrigated Rice Production System In Eastern Arkansas, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye, Trenton L. Roberts, Jonathan Brye, Michelle Evans-White, Christopher G. Henry, Daniel J. Lessner, Chandler Arel

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers with low water solubility, like struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O), have been identified to possibly reduce nutrient losses in furrow-irrigated cropping systems. However, there is a lack of research on the impacts of P and nitrogen (N) fertilization on greenhouse gas [GHG; i.e., methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂)] production in furrow-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST), chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), triple superphosphate (TSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), environmentally smart nitrogen …

Richard Iii, The Tudor Myth, And The Transition From Feudalism To Capitalism, Thomas E. Lambert

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Over the last 10 years or so there has been a resurgence of interest in the English king Richard III, especially after his remains are found in 2012 after being lost or missing for centuries. Prior to this, there are many publications, reports, and documentaries alluding to a “smear” campaign being conducted against the king by either the Tudor monarchs who succeeded him and/or by their confederates and surrogates. It is alleged that this is done in order to promote and make the Tudor dynasty of the 16^th Century (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I) appear …

A Theory Of Change For One-On-One Peer Support For Older Adolescents And Young Adults, Janet S. Walker, Vanessa V. Klodnick, Brianne Lapelusa, Shannon M. Blajeski, Alex R. Freedman, Shannon Marble

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Peer support has become increasingly available as a formal mental health service. However, high quality research and implementation of peer support has been hampered over the years by the lack of theory that clarifies peer support roles and explains exactly how these roles foster positive outcomes for peer support users. Observers have noted that theory is particularly sparse in regard to peer support for older adolescents and young adults, and they have called for theory that not only clarifies roles and mechanisms of impact, but also identifies how peer support for young people might differ from peer support for …

Measurement Matters: A Commentary On The State Of The Science On Patient Reported Outcome Measures (Proms) In Autism Research, Hillary Schiltz, Zachary J. Williams, Shuting Zheng, Elizabeth A. Kaplan-Kahn, Hannah E. Morton, Kashia A. Rosenau, Christina Nicolaidis, Alexandra Sturm, Multiple Additional Authors

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

High quality science relies upon psychometrically valid and reliable measurement, yet very few Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have been developed or thoroughly validated for use with autistic individuals. The present commentary summarizes the current state of autism PROM science, based on discussion at the Special Interest Group (SIG) at the 2022 International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting and collective expertise of the authors. First, we identify current issues in autism PROM research including content and construct operationalization, informant-structure, measure accessibility, and measure validation and generalization. We then enumerate barriers to conducting and disseminating this research, such as …

Social Determinants Of Health Framework To Identify And Reduce Barriers To Imaging In Marginalized Communities, Mohab M Elmohr, Zulqarnain Javed, Prachi Dubey, John E Jordan, Lubdha Shah, Khurram Nasir, Eric M Rohren, Christie M Lincoln

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are conditions influencing individuals' health based on their environment of birth, living, working, and aging. Addressing SDOH is crucial for promoting health equity and reducing health outcome disparities. For conditions such as stroke and cancer screening where imaging is central to diagnosis and management, access to high-quality medical imaging is necessary. This article applies a previously described structural framework characterizing the impact of SDOH on patients who require imaging for their clinical indications. SDOH factors can be broadly categorized into five sectors: economic stability, education access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, social and community …

Sex-Specific Disparities In Covid-19 Outcomes, Zubaid Rafique, Valerie Durkalski-Mauldin, William F Peacock, Kabir Yadav, Joshua C Reynolds, Clifton W Callaway

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Sex-specific disparities in morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 illness are not well understood. Neutralizing antibodies (Ab) may protect against severe COVID-19 illness. We investigated the association of sex with disease progression and SARS-CoV-2 Ab response.

METHODS: In this exploratory analysis of the phase 3, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled Convalescent Plasma in Outpatients (C3PO) trial, we examined whether sex was associated with progression to severe illness, defined as a composite of all-cause hospitalization, emergency/urgent care visit, or death within 15 days from study enrollment. Patients had a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test, symptom onset within 7 days, …

The Psychosocial Beliefs, Experiences And Expectations Of Children Living With Obesity, Lisa Newson, Nicola Sides, Amineh Rashidi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Childhood obesity has been shown to impair psychological health. However, psychological factors are often overlooked in both research evaluations and treatment interventions, and children's perspectives on managing obesity are underexplored. Neglecting psychosocial factors might undermine interventions. This research explored the psychological beliefs, expectations and experiences of children living with obesity (range 7–13) and attending a weight management programme (WMP). Methods: Thirty-four participants (19 females, 15 males, average age 9.5 years) completed a semistructured interview. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four overarching themes were developed: (1) defining health and self-recognition; (2) external influence; feedback, …

Activating Rural Infrastructures In Regional Communities: Cultural Funding, Silo Art Works And The Challenge Of Local Benefit, Emily Potter, Katya Johanson, Molan D'Arcy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This article examines the issues involved in publicly funded regional arts initiatives, through two contrasting examples of art works that creatively repurpose grain silos in rural Australia: the Silo Art Trail in north-west Victoria, and the silo art practices of the small town of Natimuk in the same region. Via desktop analysis supported by observation and interviews, we consider these initiatives in the context of a turn to arts-led regeneration and creative place-making in rural and regional development approaches and the role of public cultural policy within this. With the majority of public funding for cultural and creative projects in …

Report From The Adventist Digital Library And Seventh-Day Adventist Periodical & Obituary Index, Katherine Van Arsdale

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Ddhd2-Stxbp1 Interaction Mediates Long-Term Memory Via Generation Of Saturated Free Fatty Acids, Isaac O Akefe, Saber H Saber, Benjamin Matthews, Bharat G Venkatesh, Rachel S Gormal, Daniel G Blackmore, Suzy Alexander, Emma Sieriecki, Yann Gambin, Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez, Nicolas Vitale, Yann Humeau, Arnaud Gaudin, Sevannah A Ellis, Alysee A Michaels, Mingshan Xue, Benjamin Cravatt, Merja Joensuu, Tristan P Wallis, Frédéric A Meunier

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The phospholipid and free fatty acid (FFA) composition of neuronal membranes plays a crucial role in learning and memory, but the mechanisms through which neuronal activity affects the brain's lipid landscape remain largely unexplored. The levels of saturated FFAs, particularly of myristic acid (C14:0), strongly increase during neuronal stimulation and memory acquisition, suggesting the involvement of phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity in synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the PLA1 isoform DDHD2 in mice dramatically reduces saturated FFA responses to memory acquisition across the brain. Furthermore, DDHD2 loss also decreases memory performance in reward-based learning and spatial memory …

Study Design And Methods: Us Study To Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention To Reduce Risk (Us Pointer), Laura D Baker, Heather M Snyder, Mark A Espeland, Rachel A Whitmer, Miia Kivipelto, Nancy Woolard, Jeffrey Katula, Kathryn V Papp, Jennifer Ventrelle, Sarah Graef, Marcus A Hill, Scott Rushing, Julia Spell, Laura Lovato, Deborah Felton, Benjamin J Williams, Mina Ghadimi Nouran, Rema Raman, Tiia Ngandu, Alina Solomon, Sharon Wilmoth, Maryjo L Cleveland, Jeff D Williamson, Katherine L Lambert, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, Claire E Day, Christy C Tangney, Darren R Gitelman, Olivia Matongo, Terrianne Reynolds, Valory N Pavlik, Melissa M Yu, Ashley S Alexander, Richard Elbein, Ann Marie Mcdonald, Stephen Salloway, Rena R Wing, Susan Antkowiak, Martha Clare Morris, Maria C Carrillo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER) is conducted to confirm and expand the results of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) in Americans.

METHODS: U.S. POINTER was planned as a 2-year randomized controlled trial of two lifestyle interventions in 2000 older adults at risk for dementia due to well-established factors. The primary outcome is a global cognition composite that permits harmonization with FINGER.

RESULTS: U.S. POINTER is centrally coordinated and conducted at five clinical sites (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03688126). Outcomes assessments are completed at baseline and …

Gene-Specific Acmg/Amp Classification Criteria For Germline Apc Variants: Recommendations From The Clingen Insight Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel\, Isabel Spier, Xiaoyu Yin, Marcy Richardson, Marta Pineda, Andreas Laner, Deborah Ritter, Julie Boyle, Pilar Mur, Thomas V O Hansen, Xuemei Shi, Khalid Mahmood, John-Paul Plazzer, Elisabet Ognedal, Margareta Nordling, Susan M Farrington, Gou Yamamoto, Stéphanie Baert-Desurmont, Alexandra Martins, Ester Borras, Carli Tops, Erica Webb, Victoria Beshay, Maurizio Genuardi, Tina Pesaran, Gabriel Capellá, Sean V Tavtigian, Andrew Latchford, Ian M Frayling, Sharon E Plon, Marc Greenblatt, Finlay A Macrae, Stefan Aretz, Insight-Clingen Hereditary Colon Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: The Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP) was established by the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours and the Clinical Genome Resource, who set out to develop recommendations for the interpretation of germline APC variants underlying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, the most frequent hereditary polyposis syndrome.

Methods: Through a rigorous process of database analysis, literature review, and expert elicitation, the APC VCEP derived gene-specific modifications to the ACMG/AMP (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology) variant classification guidelines and validated such criteria through the pilot classification of 58 variants.

Results: The APC-specific criteria …

Should Secondary Pharmacogenomic Variants Be Actively Screened And Reported When Diagnostic Genome-Wide Sequencing Is Performed In A Child?, Jan M Friedman, Yvonne Bombard, Bruce Carleton, Amalia M Issa, Bartha Knoppers, Sharon E Plon, Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Mary V Relling, Marc S Williams, Clara Van Karnebeek, Danya Vears, Martina C Cornel

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

This white paper was prepared by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health Regulatory and Ethics Work Stream's Pediatric Task Team to review and provide perspective with respect to ethical, legal, and social issues regarding the return of secondary pharmacogenomic variants in children who have a serious disease or developmental disorder and are undergoing exome or genome sequencing to identify a genetic cause of their condition. We discuss actively searching for and reporting pharmacogenetic/genomic variants in pediatric patients, different methods of returning secondary pharmacogenomic findings to the patient/parents and/or treating clinicians, maintaining these data in the patient's health record over …

The Limits Of Data Science, David E. Drew

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Data science can contribute valuable predictions in diverse fields. But I write to express some concerns and red flags. I suggest that data science is being oversold. This article contains three questions that I believe data science must address as this new discipline matures. Is data science significantly different from statistics? This is a question that has haunted the field since the term first was introduced. By creating algorithms based on current societal decision rules that may be biased, even bigoted, does data science lock in and exacerbate inequality? Scholars have identified a continuum from data to information to knowledge …

Finding Your Mathematical Roots: Inclusion And Identity Development In Mathematics, Linda Mcguire

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

This paper details a semester-long course project that has been successfully adapted for use in mathematics courses ranging from introductory level, general-education classes to advanced courses in the mathematics major. Through creating aspirational mathematical family trees and writing mathematical autobiographies, this assignment is designed to help battle belonging uncertainty, to challenge students to self-situate in relation to the history of mathematical and scientific knowledge, and to make visible a student’s developing identity in mathematics and, more broadly, in STEM.

The construction and scaffolding of the project, assignments, examples of student work, foundational readings, assessment and outcomes, and adaptation strategies for …

Human Zoo Healthcare At The 1904 World’S Fair, Angel Blake

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Human Zoo Healthcare at the 1904 World’s Fair

Were precautions taken or put into place for the Human Zoo performers at the 1904 World’s Fair? This topic has been overlooked and understudied by historians, there are few articles written and we do not know the true death toll which shows the racism towards these indigenous peoples. The research for this project was conducted at the State Historical Society of Missouri, the St. Louis Mercantile Library, Newspapers.com, Archives.com, St. Louis Public Library, and the Missouri Historical Society, including research on primary sources such as official World’s Fair committee meeting minutes, hospital …

Stability And Crisis Response: Comparing The U.S. And Canadian Banking Systems, Sarah E. Boslaugh

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In 2007-08, the United States experienced a banking crisis, as 5 of the 6 other G-7 countries. The exception? Canada, which experienced only a mild recession, with no bank failures or government bank bailouts. Further research reveals that while banking crises have been commonplace in the United States (8 occurred in the 19th century alone), they are essentially nonexistent in Canadian history. I find that the primary reasons for these differences in national experience lie not in the strictness of government regulation or the qualifications demanded of borrowers in the two countries, but in the differing structures of the banking …

Hvaldimir: Russian Beluga Spy Whale, John Granicke

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In April of 2019, a beluga whale was found off the coast of Norway. The whale’s presence there is perplexing, as beluga whales are not often seen in the area. What is even more strange is the fact that the whale was wearing a mysterious harness and seemed to be tame. Nobody has officially claimed ownership of the whale, and nobody really knows why the whale is in Norway. Most importantly however, nobody knows what the whale's real mission is. Conspiracy theorists have proposed that the whale, dubbed Hvaldimir, is a trained Russian spy who escaped and abandoned his mission. …

Tritons United: Against Gender-Based Violence, Kayla Bowling, Jessica Emert, Kimberly Werner, Maggie Gross

Undergraduate Research Symposium

This project presents the campus interventions UMSL’s Tritons United: Against Gender-Based Violence has been able to accomplish under the U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women’s campus programming grant.We explain the goals of Tritons United and the structure of our Coordinated Community Response Team (CCRT). Tritons United was established in 2019, and since then has implemented 6 campus education and 3 professional training curriculums on UMSL’s campus, one of which was developed by our team, and others are facilitated by in conjunction with our community partnering agencies and help from the Tritons United CCRT. The current campus interventions …

The Roaring Lion Of Berlin: The Life, Thought, And Influence Of Eugen Dühring, Arden Roy

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The life and influence of 19th-century German polymath Eugen Dühring remain but a mere footnote in the history of ideas, being primarily relegated to the status of little more than a theoretical rival to Marxism in the German socialist movement and the occasional object of Freidrich Nietzsche's rhetorical flogging. Despite the current consensus on the subject, Eugen Dühring was a scholar of vast, remarkable learnedness, contributing greatly to philosophy, economics, and the natural sciences. The aim of this talk will be to clear the fog surrounding the life and work of the controversial blind scholar and give an account of …

Precautionary Buying During The Covid Pandemic: Evidence From Grocery Scanner Data, Blake Williams, Trilce Encarnacion

Undergraduate Research Symposium

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals across the world engaged in Disaster Related Buying Behaviors to prepare for extended lockdown periods. These behaviors, commonly referred to as “panic buying”, had retailers scrambling to meet the new demand patterns for critical supplies, which are goods that are indispensable for sustaining life and the normal functioning of households and businesses. The inability of supply chains to rapidly increase the production and distribution of critical supplies resulted in widespread shortages. The main goal of this research is to explore the role that media coverage of the pandemic has on “panic buying” …

Socio-Demographic Risks Affect Executive Functioning, Brittny Rodgers, Nicole Shelley, Hannah B. White, Ph.D

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The goal of study 1 was to see if there was an association between average fixation durations in infants and socio-demographic risk. There were 102 infants (3.5 month old) that participated in the study. While infants were looking at stimuli, the researchers tracked their average fixation durations; their mothers took the socio-demographic risk scale (Rutter, 1979; Sameroff, 2000). This scale shows the mothers cumulative risk score by giving points to mothers based on their socio-demographic circumstances. Mothers received a point if they were, below median maternal education, below median estimated family income, or a racial minority. Results showed that the …

Evaluating Farm Size Change As An Expression Of Preferential Alignment In The Corporate Food Regime, Rachael Carpenter

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Food system awareness is increasingly prevalent in international development and relations. In particular, the impact of food systems on climate change, and the impact of climate change on the capacity of production form a feedback loop that has the potential to have a severe impact on the future. Whether this contribution will be positive or negative hangs in the balance, but the window of opportunity for forming and implementing such policies may be closing. In many ways, this understanding of food as a fundamental force in shaping the lives of people, particularly those who will be severely impacted and face …

The Association Between Coping-Motivated Drinking And Alcohol-Related Consequences., Jacob D. Salser, Ian A. Mcnamara, Ryan W. Carpenter

Undergraduate Research Symposium

ABSTRACT. Background: College students’ alcohol use is an important topic of research. Past research indicates that people who drink to cope are at a higher risk for alcohol-related consequences compared to other drinking motives (i.e., enhancement, social, or conformity motives). This project aims to analyze drinking motives, specifically the subscales of coping-anxiety motives and coping-depressive motives, and their association with alcohol-related consequences in a unique population. In addition, the moderating effects of stress will be tested.

Methods: The data for this project was collected through a survey that was given to students (N=176) at the University of Missouri …