Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Policy Overview (February, 2024)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Challenges On Public Security System In Ai Era—Preface For Special Column “Artificial Intelligence And Public Security”, Juan Cao, Qiang Sheng, Guojie Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) technology has triggered new public security risks, posing a serious threat to national security and social stability. This study exhibits the recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) content generation and detection techniques, points out the challenges of detection techniques in real-world scenarios, and advocates that it is necessary to develop AIGC detection technology for public security needs and build a whole-process detection technology system from generative models to online platforms, which supports AIGC to be labeled at the generation phase, identifiable during dissemination and source-traceable after the incident occurs.

Research On Artificial Intelligence Crime And China’S Countermeasures, Jianxin Gao, Jinping Sun, Yukun Cai, Chongpeng Wang, Yanyan Yang, Kaiyue Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has constantly given rise to new scenarios, models, and markets, changing the way information and knowledge are generated. Nevertheless, the security risks exposed by technology, such as algorithm bias, data leakage, false content generation, and improper use, are also prone to trigger various new types of crimes. There are still loopholes in legal regulation and technological prevention under the current situation, which poses severe challenges to crime crackdown. In order to effectively meet the new challenges of China’s artificial intelligence (AI) crime, we should supplement and improve the existing legal norms, improve the …

Intelligent Algorithm Safety: Concepts, Scientific Problems And Prospects, Xueqi Cheng, Wei Chen, Huawei Shen, Shiguang Shan, Xilin Chen, Guojie Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Intelligent algorithms refer to the methods embodied in the computational processes that realize intelligence. These methods are often characterized by being data-driven, involving uncertain computations, and with unexplainable model inferences. These characteristics simultaneously introduce potential safety risks to the application of intelligent algorithms and AI. This study firstly explores the concepts of intelligent algorithm safety. Specifically, intelligent algorithm safety, based on the degree of human-machine integration, extends from the univariate safety of the algorithm itself to the bivariate applicational safety when the algorithm serves humans, and finally evolves into the multivariate systemic safety arises within complex socio-technical systems of human-machine …

Embodied Artificial Intelligence Security And Governance, Wenyuan Xu, Xiaoyu Ji, Chen Yan, Yushi Cheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Embodied artificial intelligence (EAI) is progressively integrated into the fabric of our daily lives, enhancing various sectors such as industrial production, healthcare, and national defense. Nevertheless, the diverse range of hardware devices, software algorithms, and data communications that constitute these complex systems may contain vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers, posing a serious threat to personal, social, and national security. Thus, this study examines the security implications and proposes a security framework of EAI, from the perspectives of the information domain, physical domain, and social domain, focusing on its ontological security, interaction security, and application security. To mitigate these …

Suggestions On Building China’S Artificial Intelligence Open Source Innovation Ecosystem, Yuntao Long, Haibo Liu, Zheping Xu, Yungang Bao, Yanjun Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the release and application of open-source large language models (LLMs) represented by DeepSeek, open-source innovation has played an increasingly important role in the rapid development of global artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Through technological innovation, cost reduction, performance improvement, and application demonstration, DeepSeek has opened up a disruptive innovation path and improved the research and application level of AI in China and its international influence. In order to further promote the construction of China’s AI open source innovation ecosystem and promote the continuous innovation and iteration of AI technology, this study analyzes the outstanding problems in China’s AI innovation ecosystem …

Discussion On Open-Source And Closed-Source Technology Models In Era Of Artificial Intelligence, Xiaolong Zheng, Jiatong Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This article presents the advantages and disadvantages of open-source and closed-source models in technology innovation and ecosystem construction in the era of artificial intelligence. We explore some current cutting-edge controversies between the two technology models, and puts forward some basic ideas for breaking the deadlock, which can provide some significant insights into promoting the healthy development of artificial intelligence technologies.

Current Situation, Challenges And Policy Suggestions Of Chinese Enterprises Participation In Open Source Innovation, Kaihua Chen, Xin Wen, Qigang Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Open source is emerging as a new paradigm and a crucial driving force for technological innovation and industrial development. It is shaping new impetus for the development of the digital economy, promoting the construction of an innovation ecosystem in the digital era, and it also serves as an effective path for Chinese enterprises to catch up in technology and industry. Through investigations and literature research, this study discovers that Chinese enterprises have achieved remarkable progress in the field of open source, with the scale of participation continuously expanding and the influence steadily increasing. Nevertheless, they still face numerous challenges in …

Challenges And Countermeasures For Lithium Resources In China And Analysis Of Global Distribution And Industry Status, Lirong Dou, Huaqing Liu, Dekuan Chang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the rapid development of the global new energy industry, the strategic significance of lithium mineral resources is becoming increasingly pronounced. As a crucial material essential to the primary sectors of electric vehicles and energy storage batteries, the security of the lithium supply chain directly influences the industrial and economic development of the country. Global lithium resource reserves are primarily concentrated in several key countries, including Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Australia. Although China possesses a significant amount of lithium reserves, it faces challenges such as high mining difficulty, stringent environmental protection regulations, and low ore grades. These factors contribute to …

Computing Power Security Governance From Perspective Of Overall National Security Concept, Hui Li, Na Wang, Long Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Currently, with the rapid development of computing technology and the continuous expansion of computing applications, various types of computing security incidents occur frequently. As an emerging security issue, computing security has become a key fact affecting national security. Strengthening the governance of computing power security has become an important part of the modernization of the national security governance system and governance capacity in China. To clarify the theoretical connotation, risk manifestations, and governance strategies of computing power security governance, this study takes the overall national security concept as guidance and the logical guidance of “issue identification-risk deconstruction-governance response” to analyze …

New Situation And Risk Coping Strategy Of Supply Chain Security Of Lithium Battery Industry Chain In China, Peng Du, Xuhua Qiu, Yusen Bai, Dong Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Lithium battery industry is the core of supporting modern energy transformation and technological innovation of traffic electrification. In recent years, China’s lithium battery industry chain and supply chain security is facing new situations such as international trade and geopolitical conflicts, core technology dependence, and changes in domestic investment and financing environment. Based on the perspective of global supply chain management and industrial technology innovation, this study systematically analyzes the supply chain security of lithium battery industry chain in China, discusses the necessity of strategic cooperation of resources worldwide, independent innovation of technology, and optimization of supply chain management, and puts …

Case Studies On Biomedical Innovation Systems In Major Countries, Xiaoling Ma

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The study focuses on the basic research, technological breakthroughs, transformation and commercialization of representative biomedical innovations over the past century—including penicillin, artemisinin, monoclonal antibodies, tumor immunotherapy, adenoviral gene therapy, mRNA vaccines, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, etc.—adopting a “dissecting the sparrow” case study methodology to conduct in-depth analyses (“double-clicking”) of each breakthrough, thereby mapping the institutional architectures and performance outcomes of national biomedical innovation systems and achieving a “seeing both trees and forest” perspective. Through comparative analysis, it reveals that the United States, compared with the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and China, has developed a smooth technology transfer system and a mature …

Exploration And Practice Of Scientific Communication In National Major Science And Technology Infrastructure: Taking China’S Fast Telescope As Example, Hui Ji, Jieyun Jiang, Chengmin Zhang, Xianghan Cui, Dehua Wang, Linyan Jiang, Yiyan Yang, Cai Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

National major scientific and technological infrastructure is a crucial pillar of national innovation, fulfilling multiple missions such as advancing scientific research, supporting engineering practice, and enhancing public scientific literacy. This study takes the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), known as the “FAST project,” as an example case to explore the practices and innovations in scientific communication within such national infrastructure. As the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope, the FAST project employs various methods, including exhibition halls, open days, popular science reports, educational programs, and all-media communication, particularly targeting rural and economically disadvantaged areas like Guizhou Province. These efforts provide …

The Impact Of Monetary Incentives On Delay Discounting Within A Year-Long Physical Activity Intervention, Vincent Berardi, Christine B. Phillips, Mindy L. Mcentee, Chad Stecher, Michael Todd, Marc A. Adams

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Delay discounting is the depreciation in a reward’s perceived value as a function of the time until receipt. Monetary incentive programs that provide rewards contingent on meeting daily physical activity (PA) goals may change participants’ delay discounting preferences. Purpose

Determine if monetary incentives provided in close temporal proximity to meeting PA goals changed delay discounting, and if such changes mediated intervention effects. Methods

Inactive adults (n = 512) wore accelerometers during a 12-month intervention where they received proximal monetary incentives for meeting daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) goals or delayed incentives for study participation. Delay discount rate and average …

Curricula As Ideology: A Study Of Cultural Representations In Arabic As A Foreign Language (Afl) Textbooks, Zakaria Fahmi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The present study examines cultural representations in two widely used AFL textbook series, namely Al-Kitaab and Arabiyyat al-Naas. Fundamentally, three main issues motivate this study: (1) the cultural politics of language textbooks underlying the construction and dissemination of cultural knowledge and its prioritization of the latter on grounds of subjectivity, ideology, and power, (2) the politicization of Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) in light of the post 9/11 language advocacy, and (3) the prevailing standard language ideology of al-Arabiya al-fuṣħaa (العربية الفصحى) and the pedagogical challenges posed by Arabic diglossia. The data comprise five textbooks from the aforementioned series, …

Investigating The Potential Double-Edged Score Of Immigration-Related Stress, Discrimination, And Mental Health Access, Arthur R. Andrews, Kevin Escobar, Sandra Mariely Estrada Gonzalez, Sara Reyes, Laura M. Acosta

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

Prior work has suggested that discrimination and immigration-related stress may impede mental health care seeking and utilization among Latinx populations. These effects may be more nuanced as both discrimination and immigration-related stress may increase symptomology, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Both symptoms may, in turn, prompt attempts to seek care. The current study examined the direct effects of discrimination and immigration-related stress on care access, as well as potentially indirect effects with PTSD and depression symptoms as mediators. Interviews and online surveys were completed with 234 Latinx residents of the Midwest, assessing everyday discrimination, discrimination in healthcare, PTSD …

Lindenwood Digest, March 20, 2024, Lindenwood University

Lindenwood Digest

The Lindenwood Digest has been a digital employee newsletter since 2009.

The Effects Of Social Media On Investment Decisions Within An Online Community, Hector Vasquez, David Cross

Publications

This case study examined the effects of social media on investment decisions within an online community. The problem was the use of misinformation by inexperienced investors to make investment decisions, with investors making investment decisions based on misinformation. Data was gathered through an online questionnaire administered through one-on-one interviews with members from an online financial community. Twenty participants were gathered; responses were analyzed for recurring themes. Results validated a relationship between social media and investment decisions exists. A strongly recurring theme was that individual investors use social media as a resource to seek out potential investment ideas and make investment …

Using Chatgpt To Generate Gendered Language, Shweta Soundararajan, Manuela Nayantara Jeyaraj, Sarah Jane Delany

Conference papers

Gendered language is the use of words that denote an individual's gender. This can be explicit where the gender is evident in the actual word used, e.g. mother, she, man, but it can also be implicit where social roles or behaviours can signal an individual's gender - for example, expectations that women display communal traits (e.g., affectionate, caring, gentle) and men display agentic traits (e.g., assertive, competitive, decisive). The use of gendered language in NLP systems can perpetuate gender stereotypes and bias. This paper proposes an approach to generating gendered language datasets using ChatGPT which will provide data for data-driven …

Intersectionalities Of Systematic Barriers Set Upon Underrepresented Students In Stem: Capturing The Potential Benefits Of Online Modality, Raiyasha Aiyanna Paris

University Honors Theses

The prevalence of racism and microaggressions in STEM disciplines within colleges presents significant hurdles to the academic success and well-being of underrepresented students. Microaggressions, encompassing subtle biases and stereotyping, have a cumulative impact, inducing heightened stress, diminished motivation, and reduced self-efficacy among minority students, thereby impeding cognitive functioning and hindering academic progress (Ogunyemi et al., 2020). The existence of these negative emotional responses creates a less conducive learning environment for academic achievement. Additionally, structural inequalities within STEM institutions contribute to disparities in resource access, limited mentorship opportunities, and support networks crucial for success in STEM fields (Atkins et al., 2020). …

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Gaba) Neurons And Perineuronal Nets (Pnn) In The Monodelphis Domestica And Relevance To Psychiatric Disorders, Jatziry Z. Luna Escobedo, Mariela Garcia, John L. Vandeberg, Mario Gil

Research Symposium

Background/ Purpose: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that serves as the central nervous system’s (CNS) main inhibitory neurotransmitter. By inhibiting nerve transmission, it works to lower neuronal excitability. Altered GABA levels have been associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, for example Epilepsies, Parkinson’s Disease, and Schizophrenia. Perineuronal nets (PNN) are extracellular molecules that are released by neurons and glial cells that modulate many neuronal and glial functions by encapsulating the inhibitory cells and neurites. Altered PNN levels serve as a potential trigger to synaptic imbalance. The purpose of this study is to quantify and analyze the presence, …

Organizing Knowledge Through Revealing Data In Knowledgebases., Jian Qin, Qiaoyi Liu

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This paper uses the knowledgebases in the biomedical field as a case study to discuss the characteristics and requirements of knowledge organization (KO) practices and products by looking at the constructs, cross-linking, and curation methods. Modern knowledgebases such as Gene Ontology and Disease Ontology reflect the major expansions in KO to be more computational, portable (entification allows individual nodes to be extracted and used in combination with multiscale resources) and connected. Many techniques and methods used are not covered in KO textbooks. The interdisciplinary nature of KB development will be a worthwhile research area for the field of knowledge organization.

Integrating Generative Ai In K-12 School Makerspaces, Sayed Mahmoud

Presentations

This presentation explores the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) within K-12 school makerspaces. It delves into the role of AI in makerspaces, highlighting its potential to enhance creativity and innovation among students. Various makerspace stations augmented with AI are discussed, offering practical examples to illustrate the possibilities. By incorporating AI into makerspaces, educators can cultivate a dynamic learning environment that fosters exploration, problem-solving, and technological literacy in young learners.

Migration Patterns Of Young Adults In Nevada, Annie Vong, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Demography

This fact sheet examines data on young adult migration patterns for two commuting zones in Nevada: Las Vegas, AZ & NV and Reno, NV. The original report published by Opportunity Insights features data from the United States Census Bureau and examines young adult migration patterns for commuting zones across the United States.

Value Beyond Cost Savings: Unlocking Diversity, Equity And Inclusion With Open Educational Resources, Nancy A. Henke

University Libraries Workshops & Webinars

The cost savings offered by the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) have garnered significant attention. As free teaching, learning, and research materials, OER reduce financial barriers to education by eliminating textbook costs. However, fewer people are aware that OER also contribute to a more inclusive learning environment. This session explores the value of OER beyond financial benefits, delving into how OER, as free and accessible resources, play a role in building an inclusive educational landscape. From embracing diverse perspectives in content creation to providing the opportunity to tailor course materials to students’ specific needs, this presentation uncovers the many …

Usa Archaeology Museum Newsletter - March 2024, Archaeology Museum

Archaeology Museum Newsletters

In this edition of the museum's newsletter:

• Upcoming Free Public Talks:

1. "The Cosmos Revealed: Precontact Mississippian Rock Art at Painted Bluff" Jan Simek, Ph.D.
2. "Documenting the Africatown Cemetery," Alexandria Jones, Ph.D.
3. Alliance Française, "A Thorn in Spain's Side: The Rise & Fall of 16th Century Huguenot Corsairs," Jen Knutson
4. "Down the Bay: Archaeology & Oral History," Philip Carr, Ph.D., Rachel Hines, and Ryan Morini, Ph.D.
5. "Where is the Parity: Exploring the Gap Between Health Disparities and Health Equities," Franklin Trimm, M.D. and Tiquera Hall

• On Exhibit at the Archaeology Museum: "Unwritten: Archaeology & Oral History of Jim Crow Mobile"

• Upcoming …

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Access To Sexual Assault Care And Exams On College Campuses – A Research-To-Action Project, Brenna Schwien

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Introduction: The rates of unreported sexual assaults on college campuses is astounding. This can be attributed to different factors, some of those including access to a location where they are able to receive a Sexual Assault Kit, transportation to locations that offer that service, and overall lack of education pertaining to the process after sexual assault. It can be seen on campuses that offer these services; students are utilizing the service at higher rates that expected.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine how to provide students with sexual assault care on college campuses in hopes to resolve …

A Fork In The Road: Uncovering The Impact Of Industrial Animal Agriculture On The Physical Health Of Communities Of Color, Mariana Zepeda

Population Health Research Brief Series

Nearly all (99%) farmed animals in the U.S. come from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). CAFOs are industrial agriculture facilities defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as operations where animals are raised in confinement and meet animal size and waste material thresholds. Communities located near CAFOs, which tend to have high shares of low-income and racial/ethnic minority residents, are at risk of exposure to CAFO-related air and water pollutants. This brief summarizes the health risks for communities located near CAFOs. Additionally, it calls for government regulations that improve transparency, management, and consumer empowerment.

A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Relationships Between Experiences With Sexual Harassment, Self-Objectification, And Self-Concept Clarity Among Women, Roxanne N. Felig

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This longitudinal research investigates the nuanced relationship between sexual harassment and self-concept development among both men and women over a six-week period, presenting a unified model that integrates theories of self-objectification and self-concept clarity. Across three waves of data collection (N= 370, N=315, N=279, respectively), I find evidence that women experience higher rates of sexual harassment, greater self-objectification, and lower self-concept clarity than men. Across time, I find that experiencing sexual harassment predicts heightened self-objectification, which further predicts a disrupted sense of self among both men and women. Critically, this work investigates the reciprocal nature of self-objectification and self-concept clarity, …

Searching Govinfo.Gov/, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

This U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO) database provides access to information legal, legislative, and regulatory information produced on multiple subjects by the U.S. Government. Content includes congressional bills, congressional committee hearings and prints (studies), reports on legislation, the text of laws, regulations, and executive orders and multiple U.S. Government information resources covering subjects from accounting to zoology.