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Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Note from Editor

Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

Geography And The Art Of Life, Edmunds Valdemars Bunkse Reviewed By Dawn M . Drake., Edmunds Valdemars Bunkse

The Geographical Bulletin

Reviewed by Dawn M. Drake, Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996. E-mail: [email protected]

Volume 48-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 48-2 Complete Issue

A Re-Examination Of The Lost Lake Effect In Buffalo, New York, Stephen Vermette, Emmanuel Orengo

The Geographical Bulletin

In 1943, the National Weather Service moved the weather station at Buffalo, New York from its downtown waterfront location to an inland location. Recently discovered air temperature data from the log books of the Colonel Ward Pumping Station (1943 to 1987) allow for a comparison of monthly temperatures with those of Buffalo’s current inland weather station. Our objective is to determine if the lake effect was lost in the climatic record with the inland move of the weather station. Differences in average monthly temperatures between the waterfront and inland locations support the loss of the lake effect. If the weather …

Where Are The Geographers? Newly Incorporated Municipalities (Nims) In The South, Russel M. Smith, Keith Debbage

The Geographical Bulletin

The creation of new cities can have dramatic impacts on urban landscapes regarding tax rates, land use patterns, school districts, and the provision of other municipal services. Between 1990 and 2005, 193 newly incorporated municipalities (NIMs) were created in the South. The study of these new cities falls under the purview of the larger field of boundary change. Boundary change can take the form of annexation, consolidation/ merger, secession, the formation of special districts, and incorporation. This paper examines the current literature on the different forms of boundary change and provides potential explanations for why municipal incorporation is an area …

Application And Comparison Of Geomorphological And Hydrological Pool And Riffle Quantification Methods, Amy M. Krueger, Kelly M. Frothingham

The Geographical Bulletin

Pools and riffles have long been recognized as fundamental geomorphological elements of meandering streams. As such, the quantification of pool and riffle characteristics and development of techniques to identify these bed forms has been an important research field for decades. The definition and identification of pools and riffles, however, can vary amongst disciplines. This research compares methods used in two different disciplines, geomorphology and hydrology, and determines the level of agreement between them. Initially, we identified pools and riffles using the bed differencing technique (bdt) in fifteen reaches of Ransom Creek, Clarence, New York. We then calculated the hydrological index, …

An All-Hazards Approach To Us Military Base Camp Site Selection, Mark Corson, Christopher Jasperro

The Geographical Bulletin

Throughout history, military forces have built encampments and bases in hostile areas to defend and sustain themselves while on campaign. The predominant criteria for site selection were and continue to be tactical and logistical concerns. This article applies a geographic perspective to US military base camp site selection in contingency operations such as Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, or Afghanistan. In particular, it argues that an all-hazards approach should be employed in the site selection process, and that the all-hazards approach be an integral part of the planning phase of base camp development and emerging site selection doctrine. This project begins with …

The Effects Of Pacific Oscillations On Snowpack In The Rattlesnake Creek Drainage, Western Montana, Deana Dewire

The Geographical Bulletin

Snow is an important water resource for communities throughout the western United States. In western Montana, 62% of annual precipitation falls as snow. Recent research suggests there is an inverse relationship between Northern Rockies snowpack and El Niño and between Northern Rockies snowpack and the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a realization that could benefit the communities and industries throughout the West that depend on snowmelt for their water needs. This research uses linear regression statistics to test if a correlation exists between ENSO or PDO and April 1 snowpack at the headwaters of the Rattlesnake Creek in …

Safety First: Unpacking Key Roles Of Arctic Adventure Guides, Barbara Olga Hild, Betty Weiler Professor

International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Building on past research on tour guides and guiding, this paper provides an in-depth examination of the safety management role of tour guides leading adventure trips. A review of previous literature identifies broad dimensions of tour guiding and, within these dimensions, specific guiding roles mainly in relation to communication. The current study’s qualitative examination of experienced Arctic guides, however, illustrates how environmental conditions contribute to near misses and points to safety management as an adventure guide’s fundamental role. The findings highlight the need for guide competence and certification and underpin recommendations for research in relation to guide education and practices …

Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Note from Editor

Volume 48-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 48-1 Complete Issue

Reel Racing: The Geography Of The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association, H. Jason Combs

The Geographical Bulletin

The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association (USLMRA) formed on April Fools’ Day 1992 and now has approximately 500 members and a national racing circuit. This paper examines the geography of the USLMRA as well as the reasons for its expansion. Professional lawn mower racing’s popularity is somewhat in response to NASCAR’s commercialization and nationalization efforts. Lawn mower racing is more affordable than stock car racing and provides an outlet for many adrenaline-enriched and mechanically inclined individuals. The national circuit runs through traditional stock car country—from Texas and Florida to Illinois, Wisconsin, and Ohio. The majority of USLMRA members and …

Interviewed By Steven Schnell. Editor, The Geographical Bulletin, Minelle Mahtani

The Geographical Bulletin

Minelle Mahtani is currently an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Toronto. She holds a B.A. from Dalhousie University in anthropology, a Ph.D. in geography from University College London, and a postdoctoral position at the University of British Columbia. She has also had stints as a television producer for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and working for a nonprofit organization, the Institute for Media, Policy, and Civil Society. Her research interests include critical mixed race theory; feminist geography, women of color in geography, media and minority representation, and geographies of media.

Ecological Marginalization And Hill Tribe Security In Northern Thailand, Richard A. Crooker

The Geographical Bulletin

In recent decades, Thai elites have ecologically marginalized hill tribe farmers in northern Thailand. A region-wide population boom has fueled a ‘land grab’ by the elites and forced hill tribe farmers to live on less land with few off-farm options. The marginalized farmers are less secure in their livelihoods, and as a result, there has been conflict over resources between them and governmental authorities and ethnic Thais. This paper analyzes the hill tribes’ marginalization in order to assess the risk of heightened social conflict in the region. I chose hill tribe villages in the Mae Sa Valley as a “best-case” …

Environment And Security Conflicts: The U.S. Military In Okinawa, Jonathan Taylor

The Geographical Bulletin

This paper explores the effects of ongoing environmental issues related to U.S. military bases in Okinawa. Okinawa’s history, particularly the damage it suffered during World War II has led to an active anti-military movement on the island. The U.S. bases exist in a context of anti-military and environmental movements which seek to dislodge the bases from their current location. At the same time the U.S. military bases have had both direct and indirect effects upon Okinawa’s environment: some positive, though many negative. Some steps the U.S. military could take to lessen its environmental impacts upon Okinawa are suggested.

العلاقة بين تبادل القائد-العضو والأداء الاستباقي: الدور الوسيط التسلسلي للسلامة النفسية والتمكين النفسي, كمال كاظم الحسني

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

سعت الدراسة الحالية إلى استكشاف العلاقة بين تبادل القائد-العضو والأداء الاستباقي، مع التركيز على الدور الوسيط التسلسلي لكل من السلامة النفسية والتمكين النفسي. وتقديم إسهاماً علمياً من خلال الكشف عن الآليات الوسيطة التسلسلية التي تفسر العلاقة بين القيادة والسلوك الاستباقي. سعت الدراسة إلى اختبار فرضياتها من خلال عينة مكونة من 224 موظفاً في جامعة المثنى. استخدمت الدراسة الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، وتم تحليلها باستخدام أساليب إحصائية متنوعة، شملت التحليل العاملي التوكيدي(CFA) لتقييم صلاحية أدوات القياس، ونموذج المسار ضمن إطار الوساطة التسلسلية باستخدام برمجية PROCESS للإحصاءات المتقدمة. بينت نتائج الدراسة أهمية الوساطة التسلسلية للسلامة النفسية والتمكين النفسي في تفسير تأثير …

Examination Of Musical Sophistication And Working Memory Correlates In High School Students, Abby South

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between musical engagement and cognitive ability in high school students. While musicians’ brains have long been of interest to those who study experience-dependent neuroplasticity, a lack of adolescent data grossly limits our understanding of the relationship between music training and observed neuroplastic changes in the brain. Advances in psychometric testing and brain imaging reveal relationships among musical expertise, changes in brain function, structure, and connectivity, and enhanced cognitive ability, but categorical groupings of dichotomously defined musicians and non-musicians prevent nuanced understanding of these complex relationships. In this study, 83 …

A Historical Survey On Construction Of Institutional System Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Yangzong Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since its establishment in 1949, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has attached great importance to the construction of institutional system and played an important role in the development of China’s scientific and technological system and national scientific research institutions. At the same time, there are also long-term problems in the academic organization system, the governance of research institutes, the legislation of scientific research institutions, etc. that need to be solved in the new era of deepening reform and system innovation. Taking the establishment of the CAS’s Charter and the Institute’s leadership system as the central clue, this study reviews the …

Creating An Independent Path In Mathematical Research—Development And Prospects Of Mathematical Discipline Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Ping Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Mathematics is the foundation of all sciences and underpins all major scientific and technological advancements. The level of mathematical research and the reservoir of mathematical talents are key determinants of a nation’s capacity for innovation. At present, China has put forward an urgent need for accelerating the achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. This study aims to comprehensively review the over 70-year journey of the independent and self-reliant development of the Mathematics and Systems Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, highlighting its outstanding achievements and historic transformations. Additionally, …

Pursuing Excellence In Physical Science And Contributing Wisdom To The Country, Zhong Fang, Ming Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Institute of Physics (IOP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has been making admirable progresses in pace with the country since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It has made prominent contributions to China’s physical science by accomplishing substantial innovative achievements and cultivating a stream of outstanding talents. This study reviews on IOP’s development history in the past 75 years, a history of serving the nation’s needs and pursuing excellence in science, while overcoming difficulties to take the lead in institutional reforms.

Focused On Chinese Life Science Research For 96 Years, Anchoring The Goal Of Scientific And Technological Power To Make New Contributions, Gexia Qiao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Institute of Zoology (IOZ) is one of the oldest scientific research institutions of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). During its prominent 96-years history, IOZ always serves national strategy and pursues the forefront of science. IOZ has made significant contributions to the discipline development of zoology even life science in China. The major zoological research systems in China are built based on IOZ, as well as several sub-disciplines of zoology and life science in China are derived and flourished from IOZ. IOZ made many critical achievements, including national natural resource investigation, nature reserve establishment, pest insect and rodent management, conservation …

Serving The Nation With Science And Technology—A Chronicle Of The Development Of Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Zhongmin Liu, Yuqi Jin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since its establishment 75 years ago, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences has always taken the national needs as its own responsibility, produced many important scientific and technological achievements, and emerged a number of patriotic scientific and technological talents. Taking 75 years of history as an axis, the article combs through the scientific research history of the Institute following the needs of the country, and examines the innovative initiatives of scientific research system and mechanism behind the achievements as well as the silent cultural kernel, so as to provide references for the innovative development of national …

Wang Chi: China Aims To Become A Space Science Powerhouse, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Information About Branches, Research Institutions And Universities Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Scenario-Oriented Technology Foresight On Information Technology For Public Governance, Kaihua Chen, Shuo Wang, Chao Zhang, Jie Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Lei Guo, Yue Hao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

To effectively adapt to the reshaping of public governance concepts, models, and tools driven by the new generation of information technologies represented by artificial intelligence, it is essential to take practical application scenarios as the entry point. Implementing periodic technology foresight on public governance information technologies can promote the integrated development of governance and digital technologies. This is an urgent task for both the public governance and information technology domains. Foresight for information technologies supporting public governance must be oriented toward the demands of complex data-driven and intelligent governance scenarios. It should focus on guiding technological directions with social value, …

Key Technology Foresight And Policy Recommendation For Information Technology Enabling Smart Justice, Yirong Wu, Shuo Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Fair justice is the last line of defense for maintaining social fairness and justice, and promoting the construction of smart justice is an important means to improve the efficiency and fairness of judicial work. Currently, China’s smart judiciary is in a critical stage of upgrading its intelligence in areas such as investigation, trial, supervision, and judicial execution, empowered by information technology. The application of information technology in national governance faces order dilemmas and security risks, with the establishment of corresponding laws and regulations demonstrating noticeable lag. Designating to meet the demand of information technology supporting the construction of smart justice …

Empowering Modernization Of National Emergency Management With New Generation Of Information Technology: Technology Foresight And Policy Recommendations Based On Typical Scenarios, Haibo Zhang, Xinyu Dai, Yi Peng, Yi Liu, Xue Lin, Yongjian Zhu, Wu Chen, Zhen Wu, Xinyue Qin, Depei Qian, Jian Lv

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the context of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, how to grasp the historical opportunity of supporting the development of the “overall safety and emergency response framework” with the NGIT, and promoting the transformation of the public safety governance to emphasis on prevention, is a pressing issue to be studied. This study focuses on five typical scenarios in emergency management, drawing on multiple rounds of expert interviews and questionnaire surveys to identify a list of critical technologies, analyze future development trends and constraints, and provide references for advancing relevant technological research and development. The study further emphasizes …

Challenges, Countermeasures, And Forward-Looking Technologies For Cyber Society Governance From System Security Perspective, Hongbin Pei, Jingxin Hai, Pinghui Wang, Xiaohong Guan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence and information technologies, the cyber society has evolved into a new form featuring human-machine integration, mass interaction, and intelligent interconnection. While transforming human life and production, it has also brought security risks such as cyberattacks, privacy breaches, online rumors, and information cocoons, posing serious challenges to social order. Cyber society governance has thus become a key component of national governance modernization. This study proposes the STC governance paradigm from a system security perspective, covering three key dimensions: security (cyber infrastructure security), trustworthiness (credibility of cyber entity identities), and controllability (content …