Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A174: Obese Adolescents: Exploring The Relationship Between Hiit Frequency And Weight Loss Effects, Minhua Wu, Meng Cao, Yuhang Gao

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: The incidence of overweight and obesity among adolescents is escalating rapidly. Many studies have validated the efficacy of low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, the influence of exercise frequency—a pivotal element in HIIT’s effectiveness—requires further exploration. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different HIIT frequencies on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents aged 10-13 years with obesity.

Methods: Sixty adolescents with obesity aged 10-13 (age: 11.0±3.0 years, BMI: 23.4±2.5 kg/m^2) were randomly allocated to three exercise intervention groups (IG1, IG2, and IG3) and a non-exercise control group …

A179: Investigation Of Hydration Status And Drinking Water Intake Recommendations In Taekwondo Athletes, Jiaqi Li, Yi Yan, Xinliang Pan, Jianhao Chen, Hongtao Sui

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

BACKGROUND: Water is a crucial component of the human body, participating in numerous metabolic processes and playing a vital role in maintaining life and athletic performance. Water imbalance is a common occurrence among athletes, including those in Taekwondo, who are particularly susceptible to dehydration due to intense exercise, significant fluid loss, and pre-competition weight reduction. Proper hydration is crucial for taekwondo athletes. However, current water intake recommendations have not been specifically tailored to this sport.

Objective: To investigate the quantity and composition of daily fluid intake among Taekwondo athletes, with the aim of preventing dehydration and improper rehydration practices that …

A005: Progress In Sports Rehabilitation For Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Wei Cao, Wei Qi, Dandan Liu, Zhenyu Qian, Mingyun Sun

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has become the third leading "killer" of the health of Chinese adolescents, following obesity and myopia. Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, usually characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine accompanied by rotation. The diagnostic criterion is a Cobb angle greater than 10 degrees on X-ray. With the promotion of the concept of "exercise is good medicine" and the Healthy China strategy, exercise therapy has received attention and development.

Purpose: To summarize different sports rehabilitation methods for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis worldwide with the hope to raise awareness of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and …

A007: Neuromuscular Factors Affecting Lower Extremity Explosive Strength Of Male Track And Field Athletes, Yanjin Li, Yue Zhou

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Objective: To investigate the neural and muscular factors affecting the explosive power of the lower limbs in college athletes by testing the neuromuscular function (H reflex) and explosive performance of male sprinting and long jump athletes.

Methods: H-reflex, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and one repetition maximum(1RM) tests were performed on male track and field college athletes using electromyography evoked potential and three-dimensional dynamometer. Test data of Hmax/Mmax, H-index, peak countermovement jump force and vertical stiffness of male college athletes were obtained. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between neuromuscular function and explosive performance in …

A008: Screening And Risk Factors Analysis Of Scoliosis In College Students, Wuzhaoyi Yang, Hua Liu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Objective: To understand the prevalence of scoliosis in college students and the risk factors affecting it, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of spinal curvature abnormalities.

Methods: During the physical examination of undergraduates at Wuhan Sports University, 523 undergraduates were initially screened for body morphometrics, other physical indicators, and scoliosis. The main screening indicators included ATR, ATI, Adams test, and thoracic kyphosis angle.

Results: The prevalence of initial screening for scoliosis was 28.68%, in which female students (35.63%) were greater than male students (22.05%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The positive prevalence of 30.67% for disciplines was greater than the prevalence of 27.78% for operative disciplines, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The results of …

A013: The Effect Of Inter-Limb Asymmetry On Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review, Xiaoang Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the current literature on (1) the influence of bilateral asymmetries on swimming performance and (2) the asymmetry characteristics that may affect swimming performance in the past 10 years, to provide a reference for future related research.

Method: An electronic search using PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO series databases was performed for English articles, and CNKI and Wanfang database was performed for Chinese articles from 2013 to 2024. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a modified version of currently established scales used in sport science, healthcare and …

A025: A Comparative Analysis Of Chinese And International Studies On Tai Chi Interventions For Knee Osteoarthritis, Yi Xiang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Research Objective: This study aimed to comparatively analyze the research progress, focuses, hotspots, and knowledge community evolution in the field of Tai Chi for knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation at home and abroad. Furthermore, this study seeks to reveal the deepseated reasons for the differences and promote the integration and development of research both domestically and internationally, providing more beneficial theoretical and practical references for the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis patients.

Research Methods: This study employed the CiteSpace V6.1.R6 software, built on the JAVA platform, to conduct a knowledge mapping analysis of 66 Chinese and English literature from 2004 to 2023. Pathfinder …

A024: Adverse Childhood Experiences On Social Participation And Informal Social Support In Adulthood In China, Lu Chen, Yan Gao

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on the developmental trajectory of healthy aging. The profound impact of ACEs on individuals may spill over to influence the informal social support and social participation (SP) of middle-aged and older adults. However, the precise influence of ACEs on SP and informal social support is not yet clear. Therefore, to fill the research gap, we examined the characteristics of different subgroups of ACEs and analyzed the effects of ACEs on SP and informal social support among middle-aged and older adults.

Method: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal …

A032: Archery Consistency Assessment By Using Inertial Measurement Unit (Imu), Zengkai Lin, Xinglong Zhou

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: Nowadays, the primary methods for evaluating archery techniques, especially the consistency, include force plates, motion capture systems, etc. However, these methods are characterized by their high cost, slow feedback, and lack of portability. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the consistency of archery techniques by using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and to verify its feasibility.

Method: Six Chinese national archery team archers (3 men, 3 women, elite) participated in the 50m-target field test by using 5 IMUs (Xsens-DOT, Netherlands; 60Hz) and 8-lens Qualisys Motion Capture Equipment (Qualisys-OQUS-700, Sweden; 200Hz). Phases were divided based on Qualisys data, and the Coefficient …

A035: What Makes Ecological Sport Possible: Reflections On Lewis Mumford's Technological View Of Mass Sport, Qiang Gao, Guosheng Shi

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: Lewis Mumford insightfully points out that "if sport is played for sport's sake, then its primary significance is lost". Under the coercion of the machine system, sport has become a so-called spontaneous response to resist the machine system, but such spontaneous response has not succeeded in resisting the machine system, instead, it has made sport itself a compensatory system to stabilize the order under the machine system, which has led to a crisis in the ecology of sport itself. Mumford's critique is an effective path to solving the ecological crisis of sport by practicing deep ecological sport ideology. Deep …

A036: Research On The Impact Of Physical Dance On Body Dissatisfaction Among Female College Students, Hanlu Yang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: With the exacerbation of social phenomena such as "internal competition" and "labeling," mental health issues among university students, especially anxiety and depression among female students, are becoming increasingly prominent. “Body Dissatisfaction”, recognized as a key factor influencing mental health, has garnered widespread attention from various sectors of society. This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical dance on body dissatisfaction among female college students, with the goal of fostering positive body image and promoting healthy exercise habits.

Method: This study employed a combination of literature review, experimental methods, interviews, field observations, questionnaire surveys, and mathematical statistics. Three measurement …

How Important Are Labor-Market Gender Gaps In The South Caucasus?, Marc Teignier, David Cuberes

Economics

In this paper, we use survey data from the South Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) to document the presence of gender gaps in the labor market and examine its consequences. To do the analysis, we use a numerical general-equilibrium occupational choice model with heterogeneous agents in entrepreneurial ability. We then introduce the observed gender gaps in labor-force participants, employers, and self-employed. We find that entrepreneurship gender gaps cause an average GDP loss of 6.2%, while gender gaps in labor-force participation cause an average GDP loss of 9%. Armenia (2007) displays the largest total loss and Georgia (2007, 2014) the …

Patient Preferences And Physician Availability Based On Physician Nativity And International Medical School Attendance, Brigham Walker, Janna Wisniewski, Sarah Tinkler, Miron Stano, Rajiv Sharma

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Roughly a quarter of physicians in the United States are either international medical graduates (IMGs) or foreign-born physicians (FBPs). We propose a theoretical model where patient preferences that disfavor IMGs/FBPs may result in these physicians offering better access to their services compared with non-IMGs/FBPs in equilibrium. We use data from two field experiments to test the predictions from the model: one concerning patient preferences and the other concerning physician availability. In the patient preferences field experiment, we find that patients strongly prefer physicians educated in the United States to IMGs by more than 2-to-1. In the physician availability field experiment, …

It’S So Liberating To Do The Work: Education In Archives Creates Space For People With Disabilities, Jen Hoyer, Julia Pelaez

Publications and Research

What are the barriers and possibilities archives education presents to the disabilities community? More specifically, how can archives education and teaching with primary sources provide opportunities for disabled students that they might not find in mainstream education settings? What matters when working with students with disabilities in archives, and what does it feel like to be a disabled educator in an archive? How can education in archives provide opportunities for vulnerability, connection, and liberation? Sharing a passion for the possibilities of education work in archives and special collections, Jen Hoyer and Julia Pelaez sat down for a conversation about these …

Bridging The Gap: Fostering Open Dialogue On Resource Access And Service Needs, Cameron Castillo

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This project investigates whether there are additional resources desired by clients or are needed to better support said clients in their recovery at the Interim, Inc. organization. This agency is a nonprofit organization whose sole purpose is to build community connections through providing services to individuals facing mental health and substance use challenges. While there is a wide range of programs available, there may still be clients with unmet needs. The purpose of this project was to identify any service gaps by conducting separate surveys of clients and staff members. Through the use of open-ended questions, the expectation of receiving …

Appreciative Inquiry: Guiding Principles For Majority And Minority World Teams Conducting Research In Majority World Countries, Kendall Cotton Bronk, Lindsey C. Blom, Seren Fryatt, Flomo Mau Maiwo, Yabadel Appleton

Journal of Youth Development

The vast majority of youth development research takes place in minority world cultural contexts. To understand and nurture the optimal development of young people living in majority world countries, cross-cultural research teams are uniquely suited to conduct careful and culturally sensitive research in these settings. However, this is difficult. Navigating research in a new language, a different cultural context, and a far-away geographic location is challenging, and the risks of getting it wrong are high. We argue that the guiding principles of Appreciative Inquiry can help teams navigate many of the challenges inherent in conducting youth development research in majority …

From “At-Risk” To “Aspiring” Youth:Locating Positive Youth Development In Kenya, Kennedy Karani Onyiko, Justine Amadi Orucho, Lawrence Asige, Dennis Omuse Obushe, Aden Ang'aba Esokomi, Faith Inyele Olita, Simon Kitiyo

Journal of Youth Development

The youth population bulge in Kenya comes with so many challenges such as poverty, gender inequalities, political inequities, the absence of adequate health and medical resources, low educational attainment, homelessness, increased involvement in violence, drugs, and alcohol, poor physical and mental health, a lack of key life skills, premature sexual involvement. Using inductive or “bottom up” thematic analysis, we explored experiences of the youth aged 18-34 (n=36), youth workers (n=26) and administrators of youth programs (n=22) on existing youth development programs and their alignment to the positive youth development principles. Six key findings from the study sufficed as follows: (1) …

Resilience And Grit: What They Are And Why They Matter For Youth Development Professional, Christine Wood, Claire Sponseller, Saundra Wever Frerichs, Mark W. Demorra

Journal of Youth Development

The challenges faced by youth can hinder them from reaching their full potential or help them grow and develop as they overcome their challenges. Grit and resilience provide young people with the skills, confidence, and perseverance to overcome challenges, pursue their goals and thrive. In this article, the authors examine the complex constructs that make up resilience and grit, draw connections to positive youth development practices, and propose a model of how these constructs can be enacted by youth development professionals in their work. The article offers specific educational practices that can support young people in developing the skills and …

Proactive And Reactive Sibling Aggression And Their Mediating Effects On The Relationship Between Exposure To Parental Violence And Adulthood Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Ayleen Flores, Ruby Charak

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

It is generally understood that individuals who experience exposure to parental violence (EPV) during childhood may come to perpetrate violence, but not all will. Research has shown that individuals who experience EPV can model maladaptive modes of problem-solving that can later be seen in sibling relationships as aggression. This can lead to a heightened risk of adulthood intimate partner violence perpetration (IPV). This study aimed to examine the mediating role of proactive and reactive sibling aggression in the associations of three forms of childhood EPV—violence directed from mother-to-father, father-to-mother, bidirectional—and perpetration of sexual and physical IPV types during adulthood. Participants …

Influential Nature Of Empathy In The Relationship Between Psychopathy And Aggression, Alessia M. Valentino

Student Theses

Past research discusses the development of psychopathy and its association with aggression and empathy. It highlights that while personality traits central to psychopathy are believed to arise early in life, adolescence is a critical period where these traits interact and manifest in behaviors. Some research discusses the role of empathy in moderating aggressive behavior, suggesting that interventions targeting empathy could potentially reduce aggressive and antisocial behaviors in individuals with psychopathic traits. The current study explores the relationship between psychopathic traits, empathy, and aggression in adolescents, aiming to enhance our understanding of these complex constructs and their implications for risk assessment …

Factors Influencing Faculty's Adoption Of Engineering Technology: A Qualitative Study, Michelle Jarvie-Eggart, Shari L. Stockero, Alfred Owusu-Ansah

Michigan Tech Publications

With technologies changing faster than ever before, engineering faculty must continuously update the technologies they use and teach to students to meet accreditation requirements and keep up with industry standards. Many do not, however. Additionally, existing models of technology adoption do not account for all variability within intention to use a technology, nor its actual use. Informed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study examined which constructs from prior models apply to engineering faculty's adoption of industry-specific technologies, as well as other factors influencing faculty adoption of these technologies for their teaching or research. …

“We Need To Not Fear You”: Essential Factors Identified By Sworn Officers And Civilian Staff For Implementation And Expansion Of A Co-Response Program, Mark Plassmeyer, Melissa Gute, Kim Stauss

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Fayetteville, AR, Police Department (FPD) initiated a co-response program in 2021, partnering with social workers to respond to individuals in crisis. Originally started with a University of Arkansas School of Social Work (UA) internship, the Crisis Intervention Response Team (CIRT) has grown over time. The program now includes two full-time co-response teams, two social work interns, and plans for further expansion. UA provides support for the program through continued internships, clinical supervision, and program evaluation. This article reports on one aspect of the UA program evaluation focusing on FPD employees’ perspectives on integrating social workers into their department and …

A157: The Meta-Analysis Of Exercise Intervention Improving Typical Symptoms Of Adhd In Children, Meiyuan Chen, Xiaozan Wang, Mengke Kang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in improving typical symptoms of ADHD in children, and to explore the influence of factors.

Methods: Literature searches were conducted in seven major databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, up to August 2023, collecting randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise interventions on ADHD. Literature screening and selection were conducted by two researchers independently, and a series of meta-analyses were conducted using Stata 16.0 software.

Results: Twenty randomized controlled trial articles were included, including 13 related to attention indicators and 17 related to behavior indicators. Compared with the control group, …

A160: Effects Of Social Support On College Students' Exercise Behavior: The Mediating Role Of Exercise Self-Efficacy, Yuqing Yang, Liping Liu, Shanping Chen, Tiantian Guo

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: Improving college students’ physical fitness and health has been a critical concern for the state and society. Existing studies have shown that exercise self-efficacy and social support are essential intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing college students’ exercise behavior. This study is based on the theory of social support. It replaced positive psychology with exercise self-efficacy, analyzed the influence of social support on college students’ exercise behavior, and explored the mediating role of exercise self-efficacy between social support and exercise behavior.

Methods: 807 college students were randomly selected for the survey using the Perceived Social Support Scale, Physical Exercise Behavior …

A161: Development History, Content Characteristics And Optimization Strategies Of China's Digital Sports Policy, Bin Lu, Jiaming Fei, Wangxing Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Research Purpose: Digital sports policy guides and leads the development of digital sports. Scientific and reasonable policies are crucial to the high-quality development of digital sports in the new era.

Research Methods: We used methods such as the literature data method, word frequency analysis method, and text analysis method to sort out the development process of digital sports policy and analyzed the content characteristics, policy objectives, and selection characteristics of policy tools.

Research Results: (1) The development history of my country's digital sports policy includes three periods: (2005–2015) the initial exploration period; (2016–2020) the slow growth period; and after 2021, …

A138: Association Of “Weekend Warrior” And Other Physical Activity Patterns With Cognition Function In Older Adults, Caifeng Zhao, Shanshan Xu, Liang Hu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: WHO guidelines on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week for cognitive benefits, but the relative impacts of concentrated vs evenly distributed activity remain unclear. The “Weekend Warrior” (WW) pattern is characterized by achieving the recommended PA levels in one or two sessions. Despite its prevalence, the cognitive benefits of WW pattern are not well-established. More research is required to clarify the associations between PA and cognitive function in WW and other PA patterns (e.g., inactive, regularly active). The aim of this study was to explore the associations …

A165: An Experimental Study On The Influence Of Peer-Mediated Intervention On Social Interaction Of Autistic Children, Shuning Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Purpose: Based on theories of human movement development and behaviorism, this study investigated the effects of a peer-mediated physical education intervention on the social interaction abilities of children with autism and provided recommendations for the development of large muscle group movements in children with autism.

Method: This study was conducted in a special education school in Changchun. A sample of 14 male children diagnosed with autism aged 5–7 years with mild and moderate symptoms were selected and paired according to their social and motor performance and familiarity with each other. Seven peer groups were formed for an 8-month peer-intervention physical …

A001: Research On The Physical Education Teaching Model Of Professional Physical Fitness For Navigation Majors, Jianmin Yao

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Research Purpose: Due to the unique working environment of seagoing vessels, the physical and mental health of crew members is put to special tests. This requires students majoring in navigation not only to have basic vocational and technical abilities, but also to have physical fitness to adapt to future work environments.

Research methods: This study used literature review, survey interviews, and logic analysis to analyze the physical fitness required for seafarers to work and live on ships.

Research results: 1. Choose activities that meet the basic professional needs of seafarers, such as swimming, high-altitude diving, and surface survival, to exercise …

A002: Developing An Instrument To Measure Perceived Costs In Physical Education, Benzheng Li, Bo Shen

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Purpose: Expectancy-value theorists believe that students' motivation hinges on their beliefs regarding their potential for academic success and the significance they attribute to the task at hand. Cost is typically conceptualized as a subcomponent of value and represents students’ perceptions of what they must give up to succeed or engage in a task. To date, the concept of cost has received scant attention and there has been no established instrument in physical education (PE). This study was designed to develop and validate an instrument to measure perceived costs in PE.

Method: There were two waves of data collection. In wave …

A004: Promoting Interventions For Physical Activity In Healthy Older Adults: Meta-Analysis, Qian Zhao, Chengli Hsu, Kuan Dong, Jing Tian, Xiaolei Liu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the promotion effects of various types of interventions on physical activity in healthy older adults, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the development of physical activity intervention programs.

METHODS: As of April 2023, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity interventions for healthy older adults in CNKI, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, EBSCO SPORT Discus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases were searched and screened. The obtained literature was imported into EndNoteX9.1 software, and the titles and abstracts of the literature were initially screened according to the inclusion and exclusion …