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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Editor's Comments, James W. Gallagher May 2025

Editor's Comments, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

In this issue there are several papers of note. Dr. Pillsbury and Dr. Kromm have had their papers published which were presented at the G.T.U. sessions held in conjunction with the N.C.G.E. and A.A.G. meetings. Three other papers indicate two dimensions of activities. In two there is evidence of considerable individual scholarly work and the continuation of a time honored solitary approach to study. The other is the blending of individual efforts into a common goal-the pursuit of information about a timely topic. All are worthy efforts. Finally, President Speigner has made a call to all members of Gamma Theta …

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Images Of Appalachia, Richard Pillsbury May 2025

Images Of Appalachia, Richard Pillsbury

The Geographical Bulletin

Appalachia is one of those regional names which brings instant images to almost all of us. To some the term conjures the rolling hills of the Allegheny Plateau and colored October leaves turning in the afternoon sun, to others it surfates the faces and looks of the miners standing, waiting, knowing the fate of comrades caught inside one of the many mine disasters so characteristic of the region. All of us have images like these of the places that we know and have visited lying uncatalogued in our minds to be drawn to consciousness when prodded by the people and …

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Book Reviews, Percyslage Chigora May 2025

Book Reviews, Percyslage Chigora

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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Nigeria's Federalism And The Threat Of Secession: The Case Of The Ipob, Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo, Osadola Oluwaseun Samuel May 2025

Nigeria's Federalism And The Threat Of Secession: The Case Of The Ipob, Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo, Osadola Oluwaseun Samuel

Journal of African Policy Studies

Since 2015, there has been renewed agitation for the creation of the Republic of Biafra. This article focuses on one of the two organizations involved in that struggle: The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB, the second being the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra, MASSOB). The Federation of Nigeria, inaugurated on 1 October 1954 under the Lyttelton Constitution, which became operational on that date, has been assailed by a plethora of centrifugal pulls and secession threats since 1950. While many of these threats were resolved politically and at round tables, a few had involved armed confrontation …

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Agrarian Reforms For Sustainable Food Security And Development: Lessons For Developing Countries From The Fast Track Land Reform In Zimbabwe, Percyslage Chigora, Tobias Guzura May 2025

Agrarian Reforms For Sustainable Food Security And Development: Lessons For Developing Countries From The Fast Track Land Reform In Zimbabwe, Percyslage Chigora, Tobias Guzura

Journal of African Policy Studies

Developing countries across the world have been in one way or the other been experiencing a rather stagnating condition in terms of general agricultural development and specifically food security. Differing policies have been implemented so as to deal with these problems and subsequently led to food security. Zimbabwe is one such country which at the turn of the new millennium embarked on a massive land reform program. The justifications have been, among others, the need to increase participates in the agricultural sector and enable the majority who have been marginalized with no or little land for agricultural purpose to benefit …

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Disclosure Of Positive Serostatus Among People Living With Hiv In Terna, Ghana: Decisions And Outcomes, Ethel O. Sakitey, Ami R. Moore, Foster K. Amey May 2025

Disclosure Of Positive Serostatus Among People Living With Hiv In Terna, Ghana: Decisions And Outcomes, Ethel O. Sakitey, Ami R. Moore, Foster K. Amey

Journal of African Policy Studies

Disclosure of a positive HIV serostatus is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. This study uses a mixed methods approach to examine disclosure and outcome related issues among a randomly selected group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLH) in Terna, Ghana. Overall, disclosure was relatively high among the PLH. The qualitative data showed that PLH first assessed people in their lives to whom they could potentially disclose and only disclose to those they believed would accept them, provide them support, and/or keep disclosure secret. However, some PLH inaccurately predicted the reactions of people to whom they disclosed their serostatus. Also, an …

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Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs May 2025

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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Nigeria's Retirement Pension System And Elderly Poverty, Tonyesima Furro May 2025

Nigeria's Retirement Pension System And Elderly Poverty, Tonyesima Furro

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study examines the nature of Nigeria's contributory retirement pension system. It shows that the government took monthly payroll deductions from the incomes of retirees and deposited in said retirement funds. Prior to retirement, retirees would receive a severance package of a lump-sum payment of a few months to a few years' earnings. They were assured that their regularly scheduled monthly disbursement would be remitted to their designated bank accounts. But due to the cumbersome bureaucratic procedures, many pension claimants were unsuccessful in receiving their benefits before death. The study reveals that the nation's pension administration system is characterized by …

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Constitution Making Under Governments Of National Unity: The Zimbabwean Case 2009-2013, Tobias Guzura May 2025

Constitution Making Under Governments Of National Unity: The Zimbabwean Case 2009-2013, Tobias Guzura

Journal of African Policy Studies

Constitutions are the bedrock of democratic governance in the contemporary world and any state claiming democratic credentials needs to base its claims on a good constitution and positive constitutionalism. In the period from 2009 to 2013, Zimbabwe was ruled by a negotiated Government of National Unity (GNU). The government, a result of inconclusive presidential elections in 2008 was tasked with writing a new constitution to take the country out of the crisis that it has undergone since the turn of the century. The GNU duly set upon this task and wrote the constitution which was passed by parliament in May …

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Pastoralism, Social Protection And Vision 2030 In Kenya: Possibilities And Prospects, Maurice N. Amutabi May 2025

Pastoralism, Social Protection And Vision 2030 In Kenya: Possibilities And Prospects, Maurice N. Amutabi

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper is based on research which investigated the availability of social protection structures and institutions among pastoralists in northern Kenya. Social protection, which consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income is something that northern Kenya needs. The paper faults Vision 2030 and suggests mechanisms and ways in which pastoralists can be incorporated in Kenya's development more meaningfully. The argument is that Vision 2030 has not addressed the plight of pastoralists in political, …

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Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs May 2025

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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Islamic Political System In Sudan And Its National, Regional, And International Impact, Solomon Hailu May 2025

Islamic Political System In Sudan And Its National, Regional, And International Impact, Solomon Hailu

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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China In Africa: A Critical Examination Of Its Peacekeeping And Peacebuilding Activities, Earl Conteh-Morgan, Patti Weeks May 2025

China In Africa: A Critical Examination Of Its Peacekeeping And Peacebuilding Activities, Earl Conteh-Morgan, Patti Weeks

Journal of African Policy Studies

The objective of this analysis is to examine and critically assess the peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts of China in Africa generally. In other words, what level of support does China provide to African peacekeeping efforts? What is China's rationale for engaging in peacekeeping and peacebuilding in SSA? What is the nature of its activities in those areas? What does it emphasize in its peacebuilding and peacekeeping activities?

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Diamond In The Rough: Unearthing Botswana's Sources Of Political Legitimacy, Angela Gapa May 2025

Diamond In The Rough: Unearthing Botswana's Sources Of Political Legitimacy, Angela Gapa

Journal of African Policy Studies

Botswana has garnered analytic attention in the past few decades as Africa's developmental miracle. Being among the poorest countries in the world upon its independence in 1966, it catapulted itself to one of the fastest growing economies in the world for a period of four decades. What made the Botswana experience all the more outstanding, was that within the context of its company among other non-renewable natural resource dependent countries, it stood as an anomaly. This is because these resource endowed countries generally suffered or were susceptible to the "resource curse." This paper identifies legitimacy as having important value in …

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Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs May 2025

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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Methodological Analysis Of The Guinea Bissau Nationalist Movement 1963-1974: Amilcar Cabral-Marxist Or Pragmatist Revolutionary?, Aliou Ly May 2025

Methodological Analysis Of The Guinea Bissau Nationalist Movement 1963-1974: Amilcar Cabral-Marxist Or Pragmatist Revolutionary?, Aliou Ly

Journal of African Policy Studies

On 24 September 1973, the former Portuguese colony of West Africa, Guinea Bissau, under the leadership of Amilcar Cabral and the PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and the Cape Verde Islands), declared its independence after fighting a national liberation war against their Portuguese colonialists. This was the first and the only war for independence in West Africa, with the complete defeat of a European colonial army. During and after the Guinea Bissau Liberation war; 1963-1974, many social scientists, particularly those using the Marxist framework analyzed this African nationalist struggle as a successful Marxist revolution in West Africa. …

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The Lack Of Access To Quality Healthcare Delivery In Nigeria: Its Implications For The Nigerian Citizens, Tonyesima Furro May 2025

The Lack Of Access To Quality Healthcare Delivery In Nigeria: Its Implications For The Nigerian Citizens, Tonyesima Furro

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study examines the lack of access to quality healthcare delivery for the broad majority of Nigerians using Primary Healthcare Centers (PHC) in Rivers State as a case study. The paper argues that corruption and mismanagement are the linchpins for the lack of access and the provision of quality healthcare delivery for the citizens of Nigeria. In spite of the nation's abundant resources and financial solvency due largely to oil revenues, there is very little awareness by successive leaderships both military and civilian rule of the need to confront the pressing problem of healthcare. As a consequence, today, a child …

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Africa's Economic Growth And Development Dilemma: Dysfunctional Leadership, Oluwole Owoye, Olugbenga A. Onafowora May 2025

Africa's Economic Growth And Development Dilemma: Dysfunctional Leadership, Oluwole Owoye, Olugbenga A. Onafowora

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines the impact of leadership on economic growth and development in all African countries. The historical records of leadership changes in African countries since independence show a dichotomous pattern. In 23 countries, the changes in leadership occurred more frequently, which indicated a "scramble" for leadership. In 30 countries, the changes in leadership were infrequent, which fit the "strongman-sit-tight" leadership syndrome. Based on the historical data of leadership changes, we construct the ideal leadership bounds for each country and compute the indices of dysfunctional leadership. We find that the index is positive in countries with more frequent leadership changes …

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Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs May 2025

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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Cover And Forewords, James W. Gallagher May 2025

Cover And Forewords, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

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Perspectives In Wine Consumption, John Kistner May 2025

Perspectives In Wine Consumption, John Kistner

The Geographical Bulletin

Topological space involves relationships between parts of a single object or between an object and its immediate environment, continuously and independent of distances (Figures 3 and 4). Since a collection of elements in space may be exploded or contracted at will, conserving neither straight lines, distances nor directions, topological concepts do not lead to the construction of a stable system which relates components to one another, nor to a system of fixed relations between elements and space.2 Students who perceive spatial relationships with a topological perspective, often are unable to perform well in those tasks associated with quantitative or qualitative …

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Volume 6 Complete Issue, James W. Gallagher May 2025

Volume 6 Complete Issue, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 6 Complete Issue

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Beer Consumption, Gary O'Dell May 2025

Beer Consumption, Gary O'Dell

The Geographical Bulletin

Alcohol is one of the beverages with which man has had a long association. In some form it is present in almost every society, often used for social, religious, and medicinal functions. One form of this beverage, beer, in the United States is the end product of a six billion dollar industry. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an exercise, through student inquiry, which allows the development of the patterns an.d trends of beer consumption in the United States. The activity commences with locating the geographical points where the beer is consumed, and considers the direct and indirect …

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Post-1960 Research Trends In Economic Geography: Review And Prospect, Jack D. Burk May 2025

Post-1960 Research Trends In Economic Geography: Review And Prospect, Jack D. Burk

The Geographical Bulletin

In the past twenty years economic geography has undergone very profound and important paradigmatic and methodological changes. The purpose of this note is to delineate and summarize briefly several of these changes and the related trends that have evolved in the recent literature of economic geography. Five trends have been discerned and each will be discussed in turn below. It should be noted that these five trends or tendencies are not mutually exclusive nor do they necessarily pertain only to the post-1960 literature of economic geography. Indeed, some of the research trends discussed below are not only indicative of the …

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Root Wedging And Rock Disintegration, James E. Stembridge May 2025

Root Wedging And Rock Disintegration, James E. Stembridge

The Geographical Bulletin

Plants and their roots are very active in the process of rock disintegration and weathering. We are all familiar with sidewalks that have been lifted and cracked by tree roots. Most of us have seen concrete cracks widened by weed growth. Yet plant roots have been almost completely ignored by geomorphologists in their studies of weathering agents. Common opinion has been limited to the view that plants prevent erosion rather than cause it. The importance of plants in erosion control was given widespread popular recognition early in the nineteenth century after the Alpine torrents were blamed on the removal of …

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The American Southwest', Lewis I. Deitch, David W. Lantis May 2025

The American Southwest', Lewis I. Deitch, David W. Lantis

The Geographical Bulletin

Nearly everyone seems to agree that there is a Southwest. But its location differs considerably according to the authority cited.2 Few would seem to agree that the collegiate athletic conference of that name is in the Southwest at all. " Our" Southwest (see map) is a dry land where there has been a blending of Indian, Hispanic, and Anglo cultures. Hence it extends from the eastern face of the Peninsular Ranges (in southern California) to the Great Plains. It stretches northward from the Mexican border-but how far? In the northeastern quadrant physiography is important-the Southwest abuts against the Southern Rocky …

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The Resolution Of The Rann Of Kutch Boundary Problem, John B. Ray May 2025

The Resolution Of The Rann Of Kutch Boundary Problem, John B. Ray

The Geographical Bulletin

Political geographers have long been concerned with international disputes resulting from ineffectively established boundaries. Some of these conflicts have led to the severing of diplomatic relations between states but have escaped general public notice. Others, more extreme in nature, have produced newspaper headlines, particularly if they resulted in armed clashes between the competing claimants. In modern terms most international boundaries are finite lines delimited by treaty, located on accompanying large scale maps and demarcated on the ground. Along these boundaries the effective sovereign ty of one state is separated from that of another state. Times are long past, in most …

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Editor's Comments, James W. Gallagher May 2025

Editor's Comments, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

At the Gamma Theta Upsilon business meeting, October, 1973 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, President Speigner read the inscription and showed the plaque to be presented to Dr. Robert G. Buzzard, founder of Gamma Theta Upsilon. Dr. Buzzard's reply to Dr. Speigner follows. 27 January 1972 Dr. Theodore R. Speigner Department of Geography North Carolina Central University Durham, North Carolina 27701 EDITOR'S COMMENTS Dear Dr. Speigner: Through the courtesy of the Department of Geography at Arizona State University, and the personal kidness of Dr. Leslie A. Holmes, Visiting Professor in that institution, there has been delivered to me a magnificent engraved copper …

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Cover And Forewords, James W. Gallagher May 2025

Cover And Forewords, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

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Community Values As Reflected In Zoning Regulations And Land Use Practices, Robert Astrup May 2025

Community Values As Reflected In Zoning Regulations And Land Use Practices, Robert Astrup

The Geographical Bulletin

INTRODUCTION The cities of Dallas and Monmouth, Oregon have been selected as sites for a study of community values. By reviewing the zoning regulations in each town students can begin learning about often unspoken values in a community. In addition a series of maps of Dallas and Monmouth are employed by the students in order to accomplish specific tasks that demonstrate some community values.

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