Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Drama Therapy And The Collective Male Identity: An‬ Examination Of Masculinities,‬ Violence, And The Unique‬ Position Of Drama Therapists In‬ Violence Prevention, Austin Taylor Winchester

Expressive Therapies Theses

Traditional narratives of masculinity have been historically constructed and reinforced by systems of power, shaping a rigid framework that often emphasizes dominance, emotional suppression, and control. Literature on hegemonic masculinity and identity development reveals that masculinity is not a fixed truth but a social construct shaped by external expectations and internal negotiations. This critical review examines the fluidity of masculinity across historical, cultural, and psychological contexts. Drama therapy emerges as a promising intervention for reimagining masculinity in a more inclusive and adaptive way. Through techniques such as role exploration, embodiment, and storytelling, drama therapy provides a relational framework for men …

"With A Heavy Heart": A Literature Review Exploring The Embodiment Of Grief And Its Implications For Grief Processing, Mollie Pratt

Expressive Therapies Theses

Though a plethora of literature has explored the connection between bereavement and the body, much of that research has focused on bereavement’s effects on physical health. Little research has been conducted to explore bereaved individuals’ embodiment of their grief, and even less has investigated the implications of those embodied sensations on the possible use of embodiment in interventions for grief processing. This literature review aimed to gain a better understanding of how grief is felt by and expressed through the body. The literature was synthesized, and common embodied themes reported by bereaved individuals were identified. Additionally, a discussion of possible …

Heartscape Resonance: A Psychophysiological Coherence-Based Expressive Arts Therapy Intervention For Quantum Healing Of Emotional Dysregulation, Pragati Jaiswal

Expressive Therapies Theses

This feasibility study examines the concept of Psychophysiological Coherence-Based Expressive Arts Therapy as a method for improving emotional regulation and aiding trauma recovery in psychiatric inpatient groups. The intervention developed for this study, termed Heartscape Resonance, integrates quantum healing, somatic heart coherence practices, and expressive arts therapy into a model that combines heart-centered breathing, bilateral stimulation, and artistic expression. The intervention was implemented four times across three units at an inpatient hospital in Massachusetts, USA. Self-report data collection methods that utilize embodied awareness, coherence ratings, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) testing were employed, with the facilitator’s data forming the basis …

School-Based Dance/Movement Therapy For Adolescents In Special Education: A Critical Literature Review, Sarah G. Hannan

Expressive Therapies Theses

In response to the increase in the number of students who receive special education services in the United States, along with a heightening need for accessible mental health services, school-based therapy is a growing area of research. Dance/movement therapy is an expressive arts therapy modality designed to support diverse populations in multiple settings. This literature review aimed to critically examine and synthesize research pertaining to school-based dance/movement therapy for adolescents in special education. This review examined the impact of school-based dance/movement therapy on social-emotional skills and related outcomes for adolescents in special education and found positive trends for improvement in …

Embodied Capability: Exploring Strength Training Through A Dance/Movement Therapy Lens To Expand The Window Of Tolerance And Empowerment, Rachel Epling

Expressive Therapies Theses

This literature review explores the benefits of incorporating strength training into Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) to expand and define movement practices within the field. By examining the parallels and commonalities between DMT and strength training, a framework for integration can be developed that allows the DMT lens to remain present within strength training. This can be informed by examining: 1) the use of movement metaphor, functional, and expressive movements; 2) the effects of weightlifting and DMT on empowerment and the window of tolerance (WOT); 3) neurobiological mechanisms supporting healing through strength-based movement practices; 4) the potential to enhance inclusivity for diverse …

Touch Me, A Literature Review: Examining The Integration Of The Kestenberg Movement Profile And Attachment Theory In Couples' Relational Movement, Tory R. Eichler

Expressive Therapies Theses

This Master’s thesis explores the intersection of the Kestenberg Movement Profile (the KMP) and Attachment Theory to analyze and interpret relational movement within romantic partnerships through an in-depth literature review of existing qualitative, quantitative, and arts-based studies. The author subsequently executes an arts-based autoethnographic inquiry recreating various relational postures from the existing literature. The author assesses, describes, and subjectively reflects on these postures using bipolar and unipolar shape flow language from the KMP to identify various attachment behaviors and styles. Findings suggest that bipolar and unipolar shape flow can correlate with specific attachment behaviors, demonstrating that relational movement offers insight …

Reimagining “Embodiment” In Dance/Movement Therapy: Unraveling The Roots Of Oppression In Our Bodies And Our Practice—A Literature Review, Holly A. Herzfeld

Expressive Therapies Theses

This thesis explores the intertwined roots of power, privilege, and oppression embedded in the term “embodiment” within Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) and how it is applied in the profession via a review of the literature. By locating the body as the vessel of experience, including trauma and oppression, this work challenges the dominant understanding of embodiment as solely about connectedness and groundedness, questioning why connection to the body is so often equated with psychological health. While the mind has been historically privileged over the body, DMT’s emphasis on bodily experience presents a unique opportunity to decolonize our dominant understanding of embodiment. …

How Does An Art Therapist Build Rapport With Socially Isolated Older Adults?, Elizabeth L. Levering

Expressive Therapies Theses

This study was done to explore the fundamental aspects that are woven into the report-building process and the therapeutic alliance with socially isolated older adults. Research has been done on the effects that social isolation and loneliness have on this underserved population, however report building is less researched and can be translated into the mental health field. Person-centered therapy, developmental stages of older adults, and the growing field of art therapy and its benefits are also well documented. This qualitative arts-based study takes the intersectionality of these topics by observing three sessions with two separate residents and analyzing the results. …

Exploring Fiber Art Materials In Art Therapy Treatment With Bereaved Families, Elise Leinaweaver

Expressive Therapies Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to explore why families are particularly impacted by negative effects of grief, why it is imperative that the arts be utilized in treatment for bereavement, and why fiber arts are a great vessel for art therapy grief work. The literature was collected and organized through visual coding and reflective tactile methods before being presented in the following review. The first section of the literature review includes definitions of grief, death-related grief, and familial grief and how these experiences cause long lasting impacts and mental health issues. The second and third sections cover the definitions …

Altered Bookmaking As A Means Of Self-Exploration And Processing Of Life Transitions In Adulthood, Deborah Trejo

Expressive Therapies Theses

Life transitions carry with them a wave of emotions that individuals need to sort through to continue leading healthy lives. A way to process these strong emotions while keeping them contained is through the use of altered bookmaking. This qualitative study investigated how adults can explore self and process life transitions through the art therapy technique of altered bookmaking. The group was grounded in client-centered therapy to promote safety and trust within the therapeutic space. The data collection consisted of written observations, written reflections, and artistic responses through the creation of poetry. The main themes that arose were: 1) altered …

How Can Fiber Arts Help Alleviate The Symptoms Of Psychosis?, Krysten M. Lyle

Expressive Therapies Theses

The purpose of this research is to provide insight into how fiber arts can help alleviate the symptoms of psychosis. The literature found several variables that supported the use of art therapy with psychosis. However, the literature was limited in regard to fiber arts art therapy with this population. In consideration of the historical significance of fibers and the healing benefits from kinesthetic release and flow state, a quilt making experiential was conducted on an inpatient psychiatric unit. Through the creation of the quilt, themes like autonomy, memory, and skill building were identified. Relaxation, self-esteem, and rapport building were also …

Treat Yourself With Compassion: Art Therapy And Self-Talk With An Autistic Teen, Alyssa H. Kurland

Expressive Therapies Theses

This study examines the use of art therapy to address negative self-talk and promote emotional awareness, self-compassion, and identity development in an adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Adolescents with ASD are particularly susceptible to negative internal dialogue due to challenges with emotional regulation, communication, and social integration. Given the limitations of traditional talk therapies, art therapy offers a nonverbal, sensory-accessible modality for emotional expression and cognitive restructuring. Within an in-home family stabilization model, a 17-year-old participant engaged in three structured art therapy directives with parental involvement. Data were collected through session observations, automatic writing, and artistic reflection. Findings indicated …

Moving With The Fluidity Of Water: An Ecosomatic Community Engagement Project To Address Burnout In Therapists, Auriane Vacher

Expressive Therapies Theses

Therapists frequently report experiencing burnout which is correlated with a decline in both physical and emotional health. Burnout affects the quality of care that therapists can provide, rendering self-care essential for ethical practice. Because the experience of burnout affects not only the cognitive experience but the somatic one as well, self-care to prevent and address burnout must address the body in addition to the mind. One avenue for this is through the use of dance/movement therapy (DMT). DMT is well positioned to address the symptoms of burnout as one of the fundamental tenets of DMT is that the mind and …

Dance/Movement Therapy Interventions That Can Address And Decrease Impacts Of Developmental Prosopagnosia: A Literature Review, Caitlin Rivenbark

Expressive Therapies Theses

This literature review explores dance/movement therapy (DMT) as a treatment modality for developmental prosopagnosia (DP) or face blindness. Research on DP causes and assessments are limited, as well as research on treatments and supportive management. In order to conceptualize how DMT might support people with DP, this paper focuses on mitigating the impacts of having the condition by exploring treatments for conditions with similar impacts including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). The interventions included were pharmacotherapy, behavioral contingencies, mainstream therapies, and alternative therapies including DMT and drama therapy (DT). The various …

Hope-Centered Art Therapy Exploring The Emergence Of Relational Narratives In Nurturing Resilience In Children, Niloofar Ojani

Expressive Therapies Theses

This review examines the importance of hope and resilience in art therapy interventions for children by synthesizing current research on how art therapy can foster hope. The data were collected by reviewing published peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, reflective writing, and artmaking—arts-based research methods. The beginning sections delve deeply into the definition of hope and resilience in the context of adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs. Art therapy acts as a creative medium for fostering these qualities. It is discussed that creative expression contributes to emotional regulation, utilizes therapeutic intra- and inter-relationships as a source of hope, and connects the child with …

Taking On A New Roll: Community-Based Therapeutic Tabletop Role-Playing With Elementary Schoolers, Danny Reinan

Expressive Therapies Theses

Tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) such as Dungeons & Dragons are beginning to emerge as group therapeutic interventions, with a growing number of studies exploring their application. Early forays into this topic suggest a potential for TTRPGs to encourage prosocial behavior and collaboration in clients, as well as to explore heavy topics such as death from a more approachable distance. TTRPGs and the drama therapy core processes share many concepts, such as characters as projective objects, benevolent transgressive play, and aesthetic distance. Yet, research into TTRPGs from a drama therapy perspective is highly limited at this point. This capstone thesis highlights …

The Authentic Self In Mental Health Practitioners Through The Use Of Internal Family Systems And Character Card Creation In Art-Based Therapy, Tracy J. Evans

Expressive Therapies Theses

Mental health practitioners, or therapists, are complex beings who carry not only the trauma from their life experiences but are also presented with the undertaking of trauma stewardship for clients. This study explores how participating with clients fosters self-expression and promotes emotional regulation, while enhancing social interactions within myself. Combining the terminology from the Internal Family Systems (IFS) Model and the concept of collaged card creation from SoulCollage to create character cards, made with clients, that represent the various parts of the personality. This qualitative study on the intervention found that it provided a safe space for both clients and …

“It’S… Complicated:” A Literature Review On The Possibilities Of Using Drama Therapy To Improve Relational Functioning Of Emerging Adults With Complex Trauma, Sarah M. Drapeau

Expressive Therapies Theses

Interpersonal relationships play a crucial and complicated role in the mental well-being and development of emerging adults. Complex trauma has a significant negative effect on relational functioning, which plays an important role in post-traumatic growth, especially for emerging adults. This thesis reviewed current literature to outline the interaction between complex trauma and interpersonal relationships through the developmental lens of emerging adulthood. Empirical studies highlighted emotional (dys)regulation, attachment processes, and self-concept as mediating factors of this interaction. The literature reviewed offered current treatment approaches for this population, with connections that were relevant to drama therapy approaches. The literature showed that drama …

Transforming Education: The Impact Of Dance/Movement Therapy In School Settings, Emily Viprino

Expressive Therapies Theses

Abstract

The author will examine the application and effectiveness of Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) programs in school settings. DMT offers a unique, non-traditional approach to therapeutic counseling that may be more accessible for some students and could help reduce barriers and hesitation to participate in counseling for others. By integrating movement and other forms of art expression, DMT uses a multi-modal approach to therapy. It also provides opportunities for students to engage in physical movement during the school day. The literature explored in this thesis will include studies on expressive therapies in schools that aim to improve student learning and behavior …

Belonging To Self: Moments Of Body-Oriented Expressive Arts Psychotherapy & Inpatient Trauma Recovery, Arielle N. Ruggeroli

Expressive Therapies Theses

Expressive therapists have reported difficulty working in inpatient settings due to the gap between what the expressive modality theoretically offers and what is possible in practice due to both acute patient symptomology and limitations of the institutional setting. Early career clinicians especially contend with finding meaning in their clinical work, belonging among the clinical team and exploring how their expressive modalities are applicable or not to the systemically established treatment goal of stabilization. Concerns that excessive restriction upon patient expression inhibits possible aspects of recovery beyond stabilization, such insight or creativity, are explored. The subgoal of increasing momentary …

How Can Tattoos Be Understood As Intermodal Expressive Arts Therapy?: Integrating Visual Art, Personal Narrative, And Embodied Experience: Development Of A Method, Rachel S. Hall

Expressive Therapies Theses

This paper explores the inherent intermodal nature of tattoos through the lens of expressive arts therapy, demonstrating how tattoos integrate visual art, personal narrative, and embodied experience. A group intervention was designed and implemented in an outpatient setting, drawing on existing literature and the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) to examine how tattoos function as therapeutic tools that support identity formation, emotional healing, and self-expression. The intervention guided participants through an intermodal process that began with reflective writing on identity-forming experiences, followed by visual art-making and somatic engagement. This approach illuminated the transformative potential of tattoo conceptualization within a therapeutic context, …

A Method For Developing Multicultural Musical Fluency: Reclaiming A Relationship With Traditional Ashkenazi Music, Rachael Penn

Expressive Therapies Theses

Counseling and music therapy scholars recommend that students and clinicians engage in self-inquiry to explore their cultural values to build multicultural competence. I created an arts-based method for deep reflection using theory and techniques in the literature regarding culture-centered music therapy, including ethnographic inquiry, the cultural unconscious, intersubjective theory, active imagination, embodiment, and artistic reflection. I engaged with music from my own cultural background, which included Ashkenazi klezmer music and Yiddish folksong, to reflect on my cultural values and to build a living relationship with the music. Thematic analysis revealed eight themes, including the function of the music, personal memories …

A Proposal For The Theoretical Integration Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Dance/Movement Therapy, Sarah Crain

Expressive Therapies Theses

A recognized integration of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dance/movement therapy (DMT) has not been developed because the concept currently lacks a strong philosophical and theoretical background. Observations from adjacent integrative expressive therapies and clinical practice provide encouragement that these models may provide a unique contribution to the field of psychotherapy. CBT would support the field of DMT toward better establishing an evidence-based theoretical background and framework. It is proposed that a well-supported approach to CBT and DMT should be built from a theoretical integration that upholds integrity of both models while identifying connective philosophical roots. This literature review initiates …

Nurturing Across Generations: Exploring Expressive Arts With An Emphasis On Collaboration, Reciprocity, And Accompaniment In A Community-Engagement Project For Psychosocial Development, Kavya R. Jayaprakash

Expressive Therapies Theses

This thesis explores how intergenerational connections within communities, facilitated through expressive arts, can promote psychosocial development across the lifespan. It is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems Theory, and reviews prior studies based on these theories that highlight the benefits of nurturing intergenerational relationships and collective artistic engagement, but few examine their combined impact, and its elements that lead to an individual's development through community interactions. This project responds to that need through a community-based expressive arts intervention in Greater Boston, involving diverse participants of various ages in collaborative singing and storytelling sessions. …

Healing Our Relations Emergent Folk Art Creation Community Project For Cultural Healing And Reconciliation, Renna Fir

Expressive Therapies Theses

Settler colonial disconnection from place perpetuates ongoing harm to Indigenous communities, ecosystems, and cultural systems through extraction, displacement, and erasure. This community engagement project explores how communities can develop emergent cultural practices that acknowledge historical and ongoing harms while building toward repair and right relationship. Through a series of five participatory workshops combining movement, storytelling, and folk dance creation; seven community members and three culture bearers, understood as "elders" explored their relationship with place through embodied practice. The research utilized an anti-colonial arts-based methodology centered on community wisdom while documenting the process through multiple complementary methods. Findings demonstrate that folk …

Open Studio Concept Conducted By An Expressive Arts Therapist And Art Therapy Intern As A Replacement For Art Class In Special Education, Brianna Jewett

Expressive Therapies Theses

In 2022-2023, 15% of U.S. public school students between the ages of 3 and 21 were on an Individualized Education Plans (IEP) due to various disabilities. This paper examines the impact of an open studio model, conducted by expressive arts therapists, on the engagement of students with social and emotional disabilities aged between 16 and 18 years old. A thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed that using an open studio model facilitated by expressive arts therapists in place of a more traditional art education class for students who require additional social and emotional assistance can foster a sense of control …

Why Disability Justice Matters In Mental Health Care And How Drama Therapists Can Help Get It Right, Anish Nakahara

Expressive Therapies Theses

Disability Justice (DJ) is an important, ever-growing aspect of mental health work that must be further explored and implemented if mental health professionals are committed to harm reduction and health equity. Drama therapy (DT) provides a unique accessibility that traditional psychotherapy does not always afford. The emphasis on encounters, relationality, and creative expression provides more avenues through which people can approach DT. Through analysis of current literature, this thesis explored the present relationship between DT and DJ, the relationship between the broader mental health care system and DJ, and how progress can continue toward competent, dignified care for disabled people. …

"La Vida Es Un Carnaval": An Exploration Of Cuban Identity And Nostalgia Through Dance/Movement Therapy - A Community Engagement Project, Maria Fernanda Mendez Mendoza

Expressive Therapies Theses

“La Vida Es Un Carnaval” is a community engagement project and thesis that explores how identity and nostalgic resilience show up through dance/movement therapy with Cuban immigrants living in the United States, specifically Massachusetts. This project brought together six Cuban-born participants, ages 26 to 67, each with their own unique migration stories; from the Rafter Balsero Crisis of 1994, to the “Wet-Foot/Dry-Foot” policy, and family reunification. Through a mix of in-person and online sessions, participants explored their experiences using intermodal activities including dance/movement therapy techniques, conversation, journaling, artwork, and music. Themes of cultural pride, “Cubanía” – Cuban-ness, culture shock, and …

Respectability, Code-Switching, And Expression: Examining The Experience Of Black Expressive Arts Therapists Through A Sociolinguistic Lens, Darrien Bush

Expressive Therapies Theses

This literature review explores how the linguistic phenomenon of code-switching can be applied to expressive arts and expressive arts therapy to describe the experience of Black expressive therapists. The review outlines the evolution of the term, reasons why individuals switch codes, and how this affects their experience. The understanding of code-switching is then examined in expressive arts and the expressive arts therapy field. A history and understanding of code-switching in Black communities is also explored, connecting Black experiences of code-switching and expressive arts therapy programs. A discussion suggests that culturally relevant practices are implicitly discouraged due to dominant expectations. Future …

Emotional Pathways: A Literature Review Of Emotion Process In Emotionally Focused Therapy And Drama Therapy, Chiao-Ting Yuan

Expressive Therapies Theses

This capstone thesis explored how emotionally focused therapy (EFT), and drama therapy (DT) could be integrated to improve emotional regulation, self-awareness, and mental healing. Based on attachment theory and emotional process framework, how these two different but complementary interventions could increase emotional participation and transformation was explored. This literature review indicated that although EFT’s structured and verbal approach is different from DT’s creative and embodied skills, the two approaches share common goals and target the same emotional process. In DT, several techniques can be found that are closely related to EFT’s emotional process. These techniques can provide a unique and …