Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Confluence, Vol. 4, Iss. 2, Full Issue

The Confluence

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Analysis Of Eyewitness Testimony Accuracy: Victims Versus Bystanders, Allyson Phillips

The Confluence

Eyewitness testimony is a vital yet fallible component of the criminal justice system. This study investigates differences in eyewitness testimony accuracy between two witness types: victims and bystanders, adding to the scarce literature regarding the subject. Participants were assigned to either the Victim or Bystander Group and participated in a memory test. During the memory test, a staged intruder entered the room and stole either a gift card belonging to the participant (Victim Group) or me (Bystander Group). Following the theft, participants were given an eyewitness testimony survey and photo lineup to assess their memory of the theft and intruder. …

Lucy Wortham James And The Gospel Of Wealth: A Case Study Of Female Philanthropy In Rural Missouri During The Progressive Era, Jacob F. Rinehart

The Confluence

Various historical scholars have examined the role of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth on philanthropic attitudes and endeavors of affluent Americans during the Progressive Era. Modern developments, driven by post-structural feminist theory, have shown that rural-born Missouri women, exemplified by Phoebe Apperson Hearst, acted as complementary equals to Carnegie through their humanitarian efforts by uniquely interpreting and implementing his social doctrines. However, the existing scholarship has focused substantially on coastal developments, neglecting the role of this benevolence in rural Missouri communities. By examining the philanthropic endeavors of Lucy Wortham James, both during her life and post-mortem through her endowment of …

Ipe Is Key: Exploring Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes Of Interprofessional Education And Collaboration Through A Foundational Educational Workshop, Tierney Beebe, Arielle St. Romain, Aimee Gros, Aseel Ghani, Tyler Dykes

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a foundational interprofessional education workshop (IPE is Key) could enhance students’ attitudes and perceptions of interprofessional collaboration among nursing, health information management (HIM), and kinesiology students at the authors' university.

Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used. Nursing and HIM students attended the workshop as part of course attendance requirements, while kinesiology students were invited and offered professional contact hours. Participants voluntarily completed the Students' Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education, Revision 2 (SPICE-R2) pre- and post-workshop surveys (n = 97) to measure perceptions of teamwork, roles/responsibilities, and patient …

Co-Designing Health Education: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Dpt Faculty And Interactive Media Students, Francois A. Prizinski, Charles Palmer, Jacki Kopack, Caitlin Mcgee

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Purpose: This study explored the impact of an interdisciplinary collaboration between Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) faculty and Interactive Media (IMED) students to co-design a gamified training module on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Problem: While interprofessional education (IPE) traditionally focuses on clinical disciplines, healthcare's increasing reliance on digital tools demands collaboration with non-clinical fields. Limited research exists on incorporating design and technology students into healthcare education to co-create meaningful instructional content.

Significance: The study applied the Double Diamond design model and Design Thinking pedagogy to guide a 6-week collaboration between DPT faculty and IMED students. A mixed-methods …

Fear Of Falling: A Collaborative Approach To Treatment, Alexandra Uhren, Celeste Delap, Kate Jansen

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Purpose: Physical Therapy (PT) and Behavioral Health (BH) often overlap in patient care; however, collaborative treatment is always not utilized by providers. This case study details the interdisciplinary treatment of a 69-year-old female with a fear of falling; emphasizing the importance of interprofessional collaborative care in treating Fear of Falling (FOF) in individuals at risk for fall-related injury with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and PT interventions.

Problem: FOF is common among older adults and can result in physical, psychological, and social consequences (Lee & Tak, 2023; MacKay et al., 2021). Patients at risk of fall-related injury experience decreased self-confidence in …

Treatment For Women With Mental Health Disorders Associated With Reproductive Health: An Opportunity For Interprofessional Collaboration, Ellen Modlin Phd, Otr/L, Bcp, Caps, Deana Goldin Phd, Dnp, Arnp, Fnp-Bc, Pmhnp-Bc

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Abstract

Purpose: This article proposes an opportunity for interprofessional collaboration between mental health practitioners (MHPs) and occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) for the treatment of women experiencing mental health disorders (MHDs) associated with reproductive health (RH) changes throughout the lifespan. This collaborative approach have the potential to optimize women’s health care and mitigate the risk of fragmented care, as these conditions are highly complex.

Method: Peer- reviewed literature from mental health and occupational therapy (OT) research was reviewed and summarized. The search focused on the barriers and potential opportunities for collaboration between MHPs and OTPs in women affected with MHDs associated …

A Phenomenological Exploration Into The Interpersonal Relationships And Mental Health Impacts Of Physical Activity, Movement, And Play On The Lived Experiences Of Caribbean Mothers, Janelle Chase-Mayers, Theresa D. Thomas

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Purpose: To explore the impact of wellness strategies incorporating movement, physical activity, and play on the mental health and interpersonal relationships of Caribbean mothers aged 25 and older.

Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted in 2021 to delve into the lived experiences of seven Caribbean mothers. Semi-structured interviews were employed to gather rich, qualitative data on their perceptions of wellness, motherhood, and the role of movement and physical activity in their lives.

Results: Over 700 codes resulted in 6 themes and 100 subthemes. Thematic analysis revealed six key themes: 1. Family of Origin Influences: Participants discussed how …

Learning Experiences From An Interprofessional, University-Based, Student-Led Healthcare Clinic In The Uk., Katharine Wood, Helen Frank, Konstantinos Papadopoulos

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Student-led clinics (SLCs) are increasingly being adopted in physiotherapy and occupational therapy degree programs. SLCs are an innovative practice-based learning model that offers unique learning opportunities while solving the challenges of sourcing appropriate placements. However, there is little recent evidence of their use in healthcare education in the UK. To address this literature gap, a synchronous online focus group with seven participants was conducted to explore the learning experiences of undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy students who attended an inter-professional, non-elective, university-based SLC in the UK. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify three main themes: (1) Learning With, …

Interviews With Roman Catholic Couples In First-Time Long-Term Marriages: Navigating The Landscape Of Life-Long Marriages With Spirituality As The Guiding Principle To Achieving Enduring Marital Relationships, Sovichan E. Scaria, Carl L. Thameling, Jana P. Sutton, David Hale

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

In-depth guided interviews were conducted with 10 Roman Catholic (RC) couples to reveal the impact religious spirituality had on their long-term marriages. Achieving this goal meant examining Catholic Church’s teachings on marriage, divorce and annulment, and relationship development and maintenance. The interview sessions were video-audio taped and analyzed. Some sample questions asked of the couples were: “How, if at all, did spirituality play a role in choosing your spouse?” “How do you practice spirituality in your marriage?” and “What advice would you give younger couples who have recently gotten married?” Analysis resulted in 8 themes being identified as important to …

Urgent Expertise, Explored Together: A Scholarly Communication Peer-Mentoring Group, Alex Crowley, Lily Susman, Rosemary Farrell, Michael Kahn, Caroline Jedlicka, Eric Silberberg, Michelle Ehrenpreis, Marta Bladek, Jill Cirasella

Urban Library Journal

In Spring 2025, the authors participated in a structured peer-mentoring program designed to deepen their knowledge of scholarly communication topics and issues. In this article, based on our panel at the 2025 LACUNY Institute, we share our perspectives on the program and discuss how current events are making scholarly communication expertise more essential than ever.

A Review Of Alberto Toscano’S Late Fascism, Clint Burnham

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Zahi Zalloua's The Politics Of The Wretched: Race, Reason, And Ressentiment, Benjamin Davis

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.

Exploring Chinese Elements In J.D. Salinger’S Works: A Response To Mccarthyism In The Early Cold War Era, Yixin Lu

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Since the publication of “The Laughing Man” in 1949, various ideas about “China” have emerged in J. D. Salinger’s famously obscure works. This article aims to argue that Salinger’s incorporation of elements related to China and ancient Chinese philosophy in his works illustrates an artistic response to American anxieties during the McCarthy Era. The article uses “The Laughing Man” and “De Daumier-Smith’s Blue Period” as case studies to demonstrate how Salinger’s engagement with “China,” including the concept of indiscrimination from Zen Buddhist ideas, as well as notions of naturalness and non-action from Taoist ideas, develops not only a mystical writing …

Ginsberg’S China Experience And Its Influence On His Series Of Poems On China, Xiankai Ren

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

As a renowned poet and representative of the Beat Generation, Allen Ginsberg was invited to be a member of the US Writers’ Delegation to visit China in 1984. His China trip as well as his reading of traditional Chinese literature constitute his China experience, which is represented in Ginsberg’s poetry. This essay examines Ginsberg’s series of poems on China. It first shows that Ginsberg’s introduction to the Beat Generation poets and their poetics provided the inspiration for his poetry writing. Then it discusses Ginsberg’s observation of Chinese society during his visit and his reading of the Chinese poet Bai Juyi. …

Using What We’Ve Got: Activating Institutional Archives In Uncertain Times, Dorian Onifer, Iris Finkel

Urban Library Journal

Activating institutional archives can provide rich opportunities for original research, the development of multiple literacies, and cultivating a sense of student belonging. This proceedings paper outlines a place-based, primary source research project presented at the 2025 LACUNY Institute. Implemented in a 100-level Library Research course, the project utilized historical yearbooks from our institutional archives to investigate the undergraduate experiences of notable alumni. The replicable design of the project allows for adaptation across disciplines and institutions, offering a flexible model for integrating archival pedagogy and primary source literacy into a broad range of disciplines.

Notes From The Editor, Derek Stadler

Urban Library Journal

I am very pleased to welcome you to the second issue of the 31^st volume of Urban Library Journal, which is a collection of proceedings from the LACUNY Institute held on Wednesday, May 21, 2025 as a hybrid event at City College of New York. The theme of the Institute was “The Persistent Record: Preserving Knowledge in an Uncertain World.” It explored challenges faced by librarians and information professionals across our profession. Presentations delved into the preservation of politicized data, intellectual freedom, censorship, and how information professionals can navigate these challenges in an ever-changing world.

Book Review: A Search For Strategy: British–American Military Collaboration In 1942, William Phillips

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: John F. Shortal

Reviewed by: Reviewed by Colonel William Phillips, US Army retired, assistant professor, Department of Joint, Interagency, and Multinational Operations, Command and General Staff College

John F. Shortal’s book explores the relationship between Britain and the United States as they worked together to develop strategy during World War II. He introduces key players of strategy development, as well as how priorities the different countries brought to the table affected outcomes of specific battles and the war as a whole. The reviewer sees this book as more than a record of history, but also a provider of relevant …

Book Review: Facing The Victorious Turks: How The French Misread The Turkish War Of Independence, Michael S. Neiberg

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: Andrew Orr

Reviewed by: Dr. Michael S. Neiberg, chair of war studies, US Army War College

After World War I, French officials viewed the Middle East through a lens of Orientalism and imperial anxiety, leading them to misinterpret the rise of Turkish nationalism. In this gripping study, Andrew Orr reveals how flawed intelligence and racial biases shaped France’s response to Mustafa Kemal’s revolutionary movement. Facing the Victorious Turks offers a compelling reexamination of colonial misjudgment and its impact on the birth of modern Türkiye.

Book Review: Valiant Women: The Extraordinary American Servicewomen Who Helped Win World War Ii, Christine Cook

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: Lena Andrews

Reviewed by: Dr. Christine Cook, director of theories and war, Department of Distance Education, US Army War College

In Valiant Women, author Lena Andrews compiles stories that were largely gathered through interviews with women who served during World War II and uncovers their important but often overlooked contributions to the war effort. Although the reviewer regrets Andrews’s missed opportunity to include academic sources alongside the firsthand accounts, she still sees this compilation of untold stories as relevant and important.

©2025 Christine Cook

Book Review: Outmaneuvered: America’S Tragic Encounter With Warfare From Vietnam To Afghanistan, Marie Louise Deraismes Combes

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: James A. Warren

Reviewed by: Dr. Marie Louise deRaismes Combes, assistant professor of national security, Department of National Security and Strategy, US Army War College

Outmaneuvered: America’s Tragic Encounter with Warfare from Vietnam to Afghanistan chronologically examines the United States’ relationship with counterinsurgency. The author’s primary focus is the influence of politics on irregular warfare and covers irregular conflicts that occurred prior to and after 9/11. The reviewer saw both positives and negatives to the book and its arguments.

©2025 Marie Louise deRaismes Combes

Book Review: The Clausewitz Myth: Or The Emperor’S New Clothes, Darren W. Buss

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: Azar Gat

Reviewed by: Colonel Darren W. Buss, faculty instructor, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, US Army War College

Azar Gat, the author of The Clausewitz Myth, takes a closer look at Carl von Clausewitz’s On War and argues through looking at historical documents and unpublished versions of the text that there have been misinterpretations of his thoughts. The reviewer believes Gat’s assertions are not earth-shattering but still notes “engaging with [Clausewitz’s] thoughts through the lens of Gat is a valuable experience for readers.”

A Long, Hard Year: Russia-Ukraine War Lessons Learned 2023, John A. Nagl, Michael T. Hackett

Integrated Research Projects

Following the 2024 A Call to Action: Lessons from Ukraine for the Future Force, which explored military lessons learned from the first year of the Russia-Ukraine War, this book examines the changing character of war as the second year of the war unfolded. This year’s authors explore the conflict from four different angles: information advantage (intelligence, information operations, and cyber); landpower operations (fires, maneuver, force protection, mission command, and mercenaries); multi-domain operations (air and maritime); and crosscutting themes (diplomacy, sustainment, and innovation and adaptation). The second year witnessed the innovative approaches to combat of the first year—drones, unmanned aerial …

Book Review: Sun Tzu In Space: What International Relations, History, And Science Fiction Teach Us About Our Future, Timothy S. Martin, Stephanie St. Louis

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: Gregory D. Miller

Reviewed by: Lieutenant Colonel Timothy S. Martin, director, Defense Strategy Course, US Army War College, and Captain Stephanie St. Louis, strategic planner, Office of the Chief of Army Reserve, Fort Belvoir

Sun Tzu in Space combines an examination of history and science fiction to assess what humanity’s future in space could look like through an international relations lens. The reviewer sees it as “a pulse check on the potential for violent future conflicts” and recommends it for policymakers and science fiction enthusiasts alike.

©2025 Timothy G. Martin and Stephanie St. Louis

Book Review: Arms Control At A Crossroads: Renewal Or Demise?, Ronald J. Granieri

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Editors: Jeffrey A. Larsen and Shane Smith

Reviewed by: Ronald J. Granieri

Arms Control at a Crossroads is a timely examination of arms control in a changing and complex strategic environment. The essays collected cover the broad context of arms control, specific examples of nuclear powers, and a review of arms control domains. The reviewer sees this book as “a useful addition to the library of any specialists in the field.”

Evaluation Of Unmet Needs Of Vulnerable Populations And At-Risk Communities Through Disaster Management Planning, Ryan Austin Crowe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This community-based non-profit organization aimed to aid those most in need by providing critical social services. The client organization has been selected numerous times as a recipient of federal disaster case management programs, often not until a year after the disaster, resulting in distrust of the federal government and organizations contracted to perform recovery services. Providing services to areas impacted has been difficult due to contract delays. The practice research question addressed in this study was: How can a client organization address the one-year service gap frequently associated with federal contracts through a disaster management planning system? The purpose of …

Psychological Experiences Of Law Enforcement Officers Responding To Critical Incidents Alone And With A Partner, Lydia Abernethy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The role of law enforcement officers is to restore peace and safety when chaos occurs, which can be life-threatening and stressful as officers respond to the critical incidents unfolding. For this study, a qualitative approach and phenomenological framework were utilized to gain insight into the first-hand psychological experiences of officers responding to critical incidents. Police officers work in demanding environments that can lead to mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Peer support and communication among coworkers have emerged as a potentially important factor, as officers would share traumatic events with other officers. Therefore, my research focused …

Data Visualization In Private Sector University Libraries In Sindh, Pakistan, Sadaf Shahid, Rafat Parveen Siddiqui

Libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to know the understanding of librarians about data visualization, the perceptions of the librarians toward this new and emerging trend and know the librarian’s capabilities in the use of data visualization tools and its impact on their library services.
Design/methodology/approach – To acquire the desired results, a survey was conducted using a quantitative approach. The study’s target audience was the library professional staff at private sector university libraries in Sindh, Pakistan. All respondents were sent an e-mail inviting them to participate in the survey on their own time.
Findings – The sample …

Global Insight 2026, Masey Smith, Chance Carden, Hayley Pounds

Books

Global Insight 2026 is the annual publication of the International Institute at Mississippi State University, documenting the university’s global engagement across education, research, service, and institutional partnerships. This issue highlights Mississippi State University’s international impact through faculty‑led study abroad programs, international research and development initiatives, global fellowships, and comprehensive international student support services. Featured content includes narrative case studies of student and faculty experiences abroad, data‑driven insights into study abroad participation and international enrollment trends, and in‑depth examinations of international research collaborations spanning Africa, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. The magazine also showcases the work of the English Language Institute …

A Human-Centric Framework: Employment Principles For Lethal Autonomous Weapons, Brennan Deveraux

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This monograph challenges the Department of War to reframe the conversation about humans’ involvement in lethal autonomous weapons systems by codifying a human-centric framework built on the employment pillars of certification, authority, restriction, and accountability. Although an ample body of literature discusses lethal autonomous weapon systems, this monograph takes a novel approach by proposing a theoretical framework and applying it to historical and hypothetical practical scenarios involving weapons with autonomous characteristics. In terms of methodology, the monograph relies heavily on primary sources, including UN documents and Department of War publications, which are augmented by secondary sources from experts in the …