Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Multi-Study Examination Of The Role Of Repeated Spaced Retrieval In The Word Learning Of Children With Developmental Language Disorder, Laurence B. Leonard, Sharon L. Christ, Patricia Deevy, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Christine Weber, Eileen Haebig, Justin B. Kueser, Sofía Souto, Windi Krok

Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication

Background

Many children with developmental language disorders (DLD) have well-documented weaknesses in vocabulary. In recent years, investigators have explored the nature of these weaknesses through the use of novel word learning paradigms. These studies have begun to uncover specific areas of difficulty and have provided hints about possible intervention strategies that might help these children learn words more accurately and efficiently. Among the studies of this type are those that incorporate repeated spaced retrieval activities in the learning procedures.

Methods

In this study, we examined the data from four of these studies that employed the same types of participants (4- …

Making Scents: Multispecies Partnership, Security, And Affect Among Canine Search And Rescue Teams, Kara Griffin

Anthropology Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the qualitative experiences of dogs and handlers working on canine search and rescue teams as they strive to develop a successful relationship through working, training, and living together. In order to work effectively, these teams form affective partnerships characterized by mutual advocacy, correspondence, and trust, which highlight the co-constructed nature of more than human worlds and allow members of both species to contest certain framings of their partners in their social worlds. Each chapter will further explore how handlers grapple with contemporary controversies in their field which are often framed as questions of effectiveness and personal choice …

Structural Alterations In Cortical And Thalamocortical White Matter Tracts After Recovery From Prefrontal Cortex Lesions In Macaques, Ramina Adam, David J. Schaeffer, Kevin Johnston, Ravi S. Menon, Stefan Everling

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Unilateral damage to the frontoparietal network typically impairs saccade target selection within the contralesional visual hemifield. Severity of deficits and the degree of recovery have been associated with widespread network dysfunction, yet it is not clear how these behavioural and functional brain changes relate with the underlying structural white matter tracts. Here, we investigated whether recovery after unilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) lesions was associated with changes in white matter microstructure across large-scale frontoparietal cortical and thalamocortical networks. Diffusion-weighted imaging was acquired in four male rhesus macaques at pre-lesion, week 1, and week 8-16 post-lesion when target selection deficits largely recovered. …

Hippocampal Functional Activity Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Ryan E. Harvey

Psychology ETDs

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is among the most common developmental insults to the nervous system and is characterized by spatial memory disruption. There is a pressing need to identify physiological alterations that help explain this memory impairment. The hippocampal (HPC) formation and connected regions are a compelling candidate for this purpose as they are vital for navigation, spatial memory, and memory consolidation. This document is broken up into 3 main parts, a detailed review of the prior literature followed by several experiments. First, It starts out with a comprehensive review on spatial behavioral impairments following PAE and the synaptic & …

Food Security In Ancestral Tewa Coalescent Communities: The Zooarchaeology Of Sapa'owingeh In The Northern Rio Grande, New Mexico, Rachel Burger

Anthropology Theses and Dissertations

Food security, the measure of access to safe and sufficient food, is a critical global issue, not just because of its effects on health, but also because of the potentially negative consequences that food insecurity can have on mental and social well-being. Archaeology is uniquely situated to inform and articulate with global food security studies by focusing on past lived experiences of social and environmental conditions and events. The experiences of and responses to those conditions, in turn, inform present day policy and humanitarian efforts.

This study examines how residents of Sapa’owingeh, a Classic Period (A.D. 1350-1600) Tewa pueblo in …

Combating The Recruitment And Radicalization Of Potential Terrorists: A State-Based Methods And Effectiveness Analysis For Application To Counter White Supremacy Terrorism In The Usa, Francesca Pimenta

Honors Theses

For approximately the past twenty years, the United States (US) government has focused on combating terrorist threats from abroad like Islamic terrorism. However, in recent years, terrorism has transitioned from an external threat to an internal threat. Some people in the US only realized how large a threat white supremacy terror poses to the nation’s security following the insurrection in the Capitol on January 6th, 2021. Despite this newly gained knowledge, the threat of white supremacy terror in the US has been growing for years. This study looked at the ways foreign governments have combatted white supremacist terrorism, recruitment, and …

Embracing Entrepreneurship, Naomy Sengebwila, Naomy Nyendwa Sengebwila

Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses

Embracing Entrepreneurship

How Christian Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship can Lead to Sustainable Communities in Zambia and Globally

Embracing Entrepreneurship

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry by

Name of Student

Naomy Nyendwa Sengebwila

Name of Student: Naomy Nyendwa Sengebwila

Date: 03/31/2021

How Christian Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship Can Lead to Sustainable Communities in Zambia and globally

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …

An Inferentially Robust Look At Two Competing Explanations For The Surge In Unauthorized Migration From Central America, Nick Santos

Dissertations

The last 8 years have seen a dramatic increase in the flow of Central American apprehensions by the U.S. Border Patrol. Explanations for this surge in apprehensions have been split between two leading hypotheses. Most academic scholars, immigrant advocates, progressive media outlets, and human rights organizations identify poverty and violence (the Poverty and Violence Hypothesis) in Central America as the primary triggers responsible. In contrast, while most government officials, conservative think tanks, and the agencies that work in the immigration and border enforcement realm admit poverty and violence may underlie some decisions to migrate, they instead blame lax U.S. immigration …

Cross-Pressured: Agriculture, Immigration, And Congressional Gop Position-Taking, Jared William Clay

Political Science ETDs

Why are Republican (GOP) members of the Congress bucking their party’s positions on immigration? I argue this is due to agriculture’s large-scale production needs for an immigrant, Latino workforce. Consequently, this immigration influx can excite racial threats which can provoke opposition to immigration and minority interests. This raises an interesting question: Do the agricultural transition and an immigrant workforce cross-pressure district opinion and MCs’ position-taking on immigration and Latino interests more broadly? I assert agriculture’s economic pressure mitigates racial threats, which produces greater support of immigration and Latino issues. Using data from the Congressional Cooperative Election Survey, Congress.gov, Census of …

Study Title-Based Framing Effects On Reports Of Sexual Violence Factors In College Students, Raeann E. Anderson, Emily M. Carstens Namie, Paige K. Michael, Douglas L. Delahanty

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: There are many methodological issues in studying sexual violence, including potential framing effects. Framing effects refer to how researchers communicate the purpose of a study to participants, such as, how the study is advertised or explained. The aim of the current study was to investigate if framing effects were associated with differences in participants’ self-reported experiences of sexual violence and related correlates.

Methods: College students (N = 782) were recruited to participate in one of four identical studies that differed in the title: “Questionnaires about Alcohol,” “Questionnaires about Crime,” “Questionnaires about Health,” or “Questionnaires about Sexual Assault.” Participants chose …

Three Papers On Interpersonal Political Communication, Erin Rossiter

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is composed of three papers on interpersonal political communication. In the first, entitled "Measuring Agenda Setting in Interactive Political Communication," I seek to measure the agenda setting that occurs within political debates, deliberations, and discussions. In these settings, actors must negotiate who is speaking and what is being discussed, thus actors have the opportunity to influence the agenda as it develops in real time. I measure this form of agenda setting drawing on topic modeling research from computer science. Validation exercises show that the model accurately identifies topic shifts and infers coherent topics, and three empirical applications validate …

Oppression And The Limits Of Individual Moral Progress, Cameron Charles Evans

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Systemic social problems are the product of complex interactions among institutions, policies, biases, stereotypes, and false beliefs. While we may be pessimistic about our abilities to combat social change, we may remain optimistic about our abilities as individuals to achieve moral growth. However, in societies organized by socially unjust practices, our individual capacities for improvement may be stunted. My primary concern is to identify key obstacles to our moral development. I argue that "self-help" methods for reducing our social biases and prejudices are ineffective. Our biases interact in complex ways with each other, and with the environment, in ways that …

The Feeling Mind, Maria Doulatova

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

According to standard conceptions of agency, our reasons and intentions guide our actions. That is, goal-directed intentions play a key role in practical deliberation, planning, and execution of action. Furthermore, purposeful, goal-directed behavior warrants attributions of responsibility or “reactive attitudes” like resentment, anger, gratitude and forgiveness. However, recent developments of the dual-process theory of mind cast doubt on the empirical adequacy of this picture. While people take themselves to be responding to relevant reasons, they are often bypassed by irrelevant affective or automatic reactions. In this work I go beyond the dual-process theory of mind to offer a mechanistic account …

The Rules Of Engagement: How The Public Interacts With Elected Officials On Social Media And What Can Be Learned From Their Interactions, Ryden Winfield Butler

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Political science research has largely overlooked the role of user engagements when studying communications on social media. Whether this feedback influences the communications of elites and whether anything can be learned from this data remains unknown. This dissertation presents some of the first evidence that social engagement data can be used to study political communications on social media and, in particular, how elites use the platform to broadcast their messages. The dissertation includes two empirical studies and a methodological chapter focused around the study of social engagements. The first study examines the feedback dynamics between legislators' communications and the social …

Essays On Crime And Public Policy, Yuki Otsu

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three chapters.The first chapter analyzes the impact of sanctuary policies on criminal behavior. Sanctuary policies may attract criminals and lower the opportunity cost of crime, while these policies produce a spiral of trust that supports police and raises informal social control over crime. I estimate the dynamic effects of sanctuary policies on crime rates at city level. This chapter finds (1) no evidence that sanctuary policies cause an increase in any crime, (2) some evidence that they may lead to a decrease in property crime, and the effect is strengthened over time after the adoption, (3) …

The Relationships Between Stress, Psychosocial Resources, And Mental Health And Adherence Outcomes Among Perinatally Hiv-Infected Adolescents In South Africa, Thabani Nyoni

Brown School Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (APHs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) constitute a significant population group that is experiencing poor HIV treatment outcomes (CIPHER Global Cohort Collaboration, 2018). Compared to younger children and older adults within the SSA sub-region, APHs experience poorer health outcomes, including retention in care, virologic treatment failure, and mortality rates (Anderson et al., 2019). Among countries in the SSA sub-region, South Africa has 360,000 adolescents living with HIV (ages 10-19), a disproportionate burden, accounting for 20% of the global adolescents living with HIV (UNAIDS, 2019a). The public health costs of suboptimal antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence in …

Fearful Versus Dismissive Beliefs About Emotion: Divergent Pathways To Non-Acceptance Of Emotion, Natasha Haradhvala Bailen

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

High non-acceptance of emotion, or the rejection of one’s own emotional experience as bad or unacceptable, is consistently associated with depressive pathology, including elevated depressive symptoms and past and current major depressive (MDD) diagnoses. To progress toward a fuller understanding of non-acceptance and depressive pathology, it is important to identify other associated constructs that could theoretically contribute to this association. Indirect evidence suggests that negative beliefs about emotion—that is, stable underlying negative beliefs about the meaning, value, or consequences of one’s emotions—could be one such factor, as could negative emotion intensity and emotional clarity (or the degree to which one …

Racism-Based Trauma And Policing Among Black Emerging Adults, Robert Motley

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Community violence exposure (CVE) among Black emerging adults ages 18-29 in the United States is a major public health concern. However, an unknown is the nature of the relationship between Black emerging adults CVE and substance use when the perpetrator(s) of the violence are the police and the violence is experienced as a race-based traumatic event. The Classes of Racism Frequency of Racial Experiences (CRFRE) measure assesses individuals’ exposure to perceived racism-based events. However, the CRFRE hostile-racism scale does not capture the range of police violent events that are most salient for a population. To fill the noted gaps in …

Modeling Semantic Structure And Spreading Activation In Retrieval Tasks, Abhilasha Ashok Kumar

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Considerable work in the past decade has focused on representational accounts of how semantic information is acquired and organized, leading to the advent of modern Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) that learn word meanings by extracting statistical information from large text corpora. However, mechanistic accounts for how meaning-related information is accessed and retrieved from semantic representations to ultimately produce responses within semantic tasks remain relatively understudied, especially for production-based tasks that require the selection of a single response amongst several activated competitors, such as in free association and sentence completion tasks. This dissertation evaluated the extent to which state-of-the-art DSMs combined …

Exploring The Service Utilization Of Formerly Incarcerated Persons With Substance Use Disorders, Sara Beeler-Stinn

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

We are in a new era of mass reentry from years of mass incarceration (Chamberlain & Wallace, 2016) that will is complicated by challenging conditions at release (Mallik-Kane & Visher, 2008). Recent data suggests that rearrest rates within nine years of release are over 80% among individuals released from prison (Alper et al., 2018). These challenges are further complicated by drug and alcohol abuse with over 20 million individuals aged 12 and older reporting living with a substance use disorder (SAMSHA, 2019). Incarcerated and formerly incarcerated populations are estimated to have rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) often 10 to …

Parental Psychological Distress After Prenatal Diagnosis Of Congenital Heart Disease: Patterns, Predictors, And Impact On Early Outcomes., Kathryn Mangin-Heimos

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and is often diagnosed during pregnancy. The transition to parenthood after prenatal diagnosis can be particularly challenging. Both mothers and fathers are at elevated risk for psychological distress, yet early distress frequencies and patterns have not been well characterized. The impact of psychological distress on parents’ perceptions of their readiness to care for their infant after hospital discharge is currently unknown. The association of psychological distress with early infant neurodevelopment has also been under investigated. To examine these gaps in knowledge, we conducted a single center, prospective cohort study of …

Examining Mental Health In Northern Haiti, Michael Galvin

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Mental health is a severely neglected field in low- and middle-income countries globally. Populations in countries such as Haiti demonstrate a high level of need for mental health services despite a lack of services and trained professionals. In addition to the dearth of biomedical services, local belief systems and explanatory models lead a majority of the population to rely on traditional medicine as their first option for care. The goal of this dissertation is to characterize mental health beliefs, practices, and services in northern Haiti by examining the relationship between traditional beliefs and mental illness, assessing the impact of traumatic …

The Role Of Selection History In Low-Prevalence Visual Search, Kendra Chamlee Smith

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The low prevalence effect (LPE), the tendency for observers to be more likely to miss rare targets than frequent targets, is a robust error and is difficult to reduce. The LPE is an obstacle in a variety of real-world search tasks in which targets are rare, including baggage screening and some medical imaging. The LPE is thought to occur because when an observer searches for a low-prevalence target, over time, the observer may become both more willing to indicate a target is not there and more likely to end the search early. The present experiments employ three selection history effects, …

Self-Regulated Study Time Allocation To Enhance Learning And Item Difficulty Compensation, Eylul Tekin

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Few studies have examined whether self-regulation of study time allocation is beneficial for learning. In four experiments, the present dissertation investigated the effectiveness of self-paced study relative to fixed-rate study in which subjects did not regulate their study time. More specifically, the present dissertation examined 1) whether self-paced study enhanced retention and item difficulty compensation (i.e., reduced retention differences between easy and difficult items) relative to fixed-rate study under different levels of monitoring accuracy, and 2) whether improving monitoring accuracy facilitated the effectiveness of self-paced study. In all experiments, subjects studied easy and difficult word pairs either under self-paced study …

Two Jews, Three Opinions: An Exploration Of Young American Jewish Perspectives On Israel, Kate Seltzer

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

In recent decades, there has been a lot of speculation and general hand-wringing from Jewish leadership about American Jews, and particularly young American Jews, and their increasing apathy towards Israel. Jewish leaders, both at the individual and institutional level, worry that there seems to be a clear generational gap in concern for and engagement with Israel as a central feature of Jewish identity. This research will aim to gauge the extent to which this is true and whether colleges are impacting American Jews’ views on Israel. I will conduct a series of extensive interviews with Jewish high school and college …

Vegetarian Diets, Maybe Not As Healthy As You Think, Darryl Goh, Debbie Chan, Merson Hoo, Ian Wong

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

Many are approaching vegetarianism as a viable diet option in recent years, presuming that adopting a vegetarian diet would provide health benefits. This paper explores the possibilities of physical and mental effects that vegetarianism may have on humans and its extent by the use of regression analysis. To measure the possible impacts vegetarian diets may hold on both the physiology and physical aspects of humans, we have utilized the measures of life expectancy and prevalence of depression respectively. Cross-sectional data were examined from sources such as the World Health Organization, Our World In Data and the World Bank, with figures …

Life In Oil: Cofán Survival In The Petroleum Fields Of Amazonia By Michael Cepek, Gabriela Valdivia

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Rebel Movements & Autonomy: “A Similar Path, Divergent Outcomes” A Comparative Analysis Between The Zapatista Movement In Mexico, The Kurdish Movement In Turkey & The Polisario Front In Morocco, Amira Mostafa

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the factors that can explain why some rebel movements attain territorial autonomy while others do not. This was studied through a cross-regional comparison of three movements, the Zapatista movement in Mexico, the Kurdish movement in Turkey and the Polisario Front in Morocco. These cases were chosen with the aim to present a causal inference of their divergent outcomes, especially that the three rebel movements primarily sought to achieve some measure of self-determination. While it was relatively attained by the Zapatista movement through territorial autonomy, the Kurdish movement has been listed as a terrorist organization and the Polisario …

Refuge Must Be Given: Eleanor Roosevelt, The Jewish Plight, And The Founding Of Israel, John F. Sears

Purdue University Press Books

Refuge Must Be Given details the evolution of Eleanor Roosevelt from someone who harbored negative impressions of Jews to become a leading Gentile champion of Israel in the United States. The book explores, for the first time, Roosevelt’s partnership with the Quaker leader Clarence Pickett in seeking to admit more refugees into the United States, and her relationship with Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles, who was sympathetic to the victims of Nazi persecution yet defended a visa process that failed both Jewish and non-Jewish refugees.

After the war, as a member of the American delegation to the United Nations, Eleanor …

The Prevailing Library And Information Science Distance Education System In Northern Part Of West Bengal, India: A Swot Analysis, Dr Santanu Das

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The attributes and functional profile of the global education system have been changed a lot due to globalization. With the ever-increasing demands of higher education, the distance education system has emerged as a boon to the global academic system. This particular paper basically deals with the application of a strategic planning tool on the LIS distance learning system to evaluate the current situation of the system. This paper tries to represent the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of library and information science students who are pursuing their academic courses through distance mode. This situation analysis has been done through the …