Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Pacific Sentinel: September 2021, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Vivian Veidt

Articles in this issue include:

• Letter From the Editor
• The Opaque Places of Cinema
• A “PIG” in Portland
• Jazzed to be Back
• Notes from Behind the Bar
• The Predicament of Mayor Wheeler
• The City of Portland Must Cut Ties With Israel

Lost In Time And Lost In Space: Chronotopes In Thomas Pynchon’S Against The Day, Stephen Margavio

Honors Theses

In his 1937 essay “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel,” Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin coins the term “chronotope” to discuss the inherently interconnected nature of time and space in narrative constructions. According to Bakhtin, there are a number of specific chronotopes (or space/time configurations) that help to define literary genres. Applying Bakhtin’s concepts to Thomas Pynchon’s novel Against the Day (2006), this thesis examines how the idea of narrative space/time can clarify Pynchon’s use of genre to make socio-political commentary. The first chapter of this thesis focuses on Bakhtin’s “road chronotope,” which is characterized by …

Marital Status Differences In Suicidality Among Transgender People, Hui Liu, Lindsey Wilkinson

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The suicide rate for transgender people is among the highest of any group in the United States. Yet, we know little about disadvantages or resources available to transgender people to prevent suicide. The overall purpose of this study is to assess how marital status modifies the risk of suicide among transgender people. We analyzed data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey to predict marital status differences in both suicide ideation and suicide attempt in the past year. The analytic sample for suicide ideation included 17,117 transgender respondents (9,182 transwomen and 7,935 transmen), and the analytic sample for suicide attempt was …

香港鄉村地區長者居家養老的需要：錦田例案報告 = The Needs Of Ageing In Place In Rural Hong Kong: The Case Of Kam Tin, Chak Kwan, Dickon Chan, Mun Yu, Vera Tang, Chak Lung Lam, Wing Yin Li, Mei Ling Lee, Seung Wan Wong

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

香港面臨人口高齡化，政府統計處（2020）估計65 歲或以上人口會由2019年的120萬增加至2039年252 萬。長者佔總人口比例亦由18.4%上升至33.3%；而老年撫養比率（65 歲及以上人口相對每千名15 至64 歲人口的比率）將由249大幅上升至508。這意味着社會在撫養和照顧長者, 將會面對更大的壓力。另外，老年家庭人口亦不斷增加, 家庭所有成員均為長者的數目從2006年大約18萬上升至2016年超過30萬（增長67.4%）；獨居長者佔長者人口的比例亦由11.6%上升至13.1% （政府統計處，2018）。面對人口老化﹑雙老及獨居家庭等問題，社區需要有更全面的支持配套，才能使長者有良好的生活質素。

香港「社區照顧」（community care）政策源於政府於1977年發佈的《老人服務綠皮書》，強調居家安老為服務原則。該綠皮書（政府社會事務科，1977，頁5）指出，在社會及財政上而言，最可行的辦法就是提供適當的社會服務以幫助老年人能繼續與社會接觸在一起…當一個家庭在照顧老年人方面感到吃力時，政府便提供各種服務作爲對家庭一種的支持和協助。使老年人能繼續在家庭生活。

儘管政府一直強調「居家安老為本，院舍照顧為後援」，但多年來的資源分佈仍是以院舍照顧服務佔較大比例 （香港政策研究所，2017；羅致光，2018）。政府近年開始作出規劃上的調整，安老事務委員會（2017）於2017年發佈《安老服務計劃方案》建議加大社區照顧服務的比例，將社區照顧服務及院舍照顧服務的名額比率 由2016 年的1:1.3 加大至2031年的1:1.1（安老事務委員會，2017；羅致光， 2018）。因此, 加強「居家安老」政策，將會是政府其中一個安老服務規劃方向。

雖然政府及不同的社福機構在「居家安老」方面都有提供長者服務，但服務主要仍集中在城市，居住鄉村的長者因缺乏資源和渠道，較難得到協助。以居於元朗錦田 的長者為例，公營長者日間護理服務單位，全部位於元朗、天水圍或朗屏市區（社會福利署，2021），與他們的住處有一段距離。此外，針對鄉郊長者情況的「居家安老」服務規劃，亦未有在《安老服務計劃方案》中提及。因此, 本研究選取錦田區的長者作為主要訪談對象, 以了解鄉郊長者的「居家安老」情況。

錦田有悠久歷史，為最早來港定居的鄧氏族人居住地，有相當豐富的歷史建築群（陳天權，2016）。錦田面積龐大，近年開始規劃的錦田南和錦田北，佔地約1,400 公頃 （政府新聞公報，2014），佔元朗區14,430 公頃約一成面積，但人口只有 13,489，佔元朗人口約2% （政府統計處，2017；民政事務署，2021）。政府在錦 田規劃大綱中，仍保留不少地帶作「農業」、「自然保育區」或「鄉村式發展」用途（政府新聞公報，2014，2018）。因此，錦田仍然是本港主要的鄉郊地區之一。

本研究希望了解錦田長者的居家養老狀況和需求，為發展鄉郊長者服務的提供參考 資料。研究團隊探討長者於三個範疇的狀況，包括「社交支持」、「居所及社區支援 服務」和「長期護理服務的認識及意見」，並針對這三部分的發現提供相關建議。

Differentiating Risk Pathways To Violence: A Comparison Of The Incremental Contributions Of Masculine Gender Discrepancy Stress And Trait Agreeableness, John M. Shepherd

Theses and Dissertations

The existing literature on risk profiles leading to the perpetration of violent acts has suggested personality and gender role socializations to be relevant predictors. Research has consistently found personality factors, particularly trait agreeableness, to predict several types of violence (e.g., sexual violence, violence against intimate partners, aggressive behaviors across relationships). Recent research suggests that although both adherence to masculine social norms and individual differences in experiences of stress while enacting these norms have been shown to be reliably associated with violence, masculine gender discrepancy stress (i.e., stress experienced by men when perceiving themselves to be inadequately masculine) may be uniquely …

Racial And Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes Among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Survey, Rachel Hennein, Jessica Bonumwezi, Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, Petty Tineo, Sarah R. Lowe

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Racial and gender discrimination are risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the effects of discrimination on the mental health of healthcare workers needs to be further explored, especially in relation to competing stressors. Thus, we administered a survey to healthcare workers to investigate the associations between perceived racial and gender discrimination and symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and burnout during a period of substantial stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a national racial reckoning. We used multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for demographics and pandemic-related stressors. Of the 997 participants (Mean …

Bayesian Assessment Of Northern Alaskan Chronological Issues: Implications For Future Research, Thomas J. Brown, Shelby Anderson, Justin Andrew Junge, Jonathan Duelks

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cultural interaction and exchange across the Bering Strait of northern Alaska played a central role in the emergence of Arctic maritime adaptations. Yet poor chronological control limits our ability to explore processes of cultural change over the last 5000years. We address this problem by synthesizing the available radiocarbon record for the region, carrying out Bayesian analysis of a regional radiocarbon database, and analyzing the BAR-1 (Birnirk) site using new dates published in this paper. Our synthesis and our illustrative analysis of the BAR-1 site highlights several intriguing temporal and spatial trends with implications for interaction between cultural groups. Our analysis …

Ten Years On: Engaging The Public Through The Archaeology Roadshow, Virginia L. Butler, Lyssia Merrifield, Virginia Parks, Shelby Anderson

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Public engagement is a critical part of archaeologists’ tool kit for encouraging people to look beyond the glittering but superficial appeal of “artifacts” to appreciate and respect the peoples and cultures that made them. Engagement takes many forms—from museum exhibits, archaeological site tours, K–12 curriculum, and social media to heritage tourism, documentary films, and more. Whatever the medium or approach, a common goal is to increase the public’s understanding of the broader values archaeology strives to promote (e.g., scientific literacy, cultural diversity, civic engagement, critical thinking) and to open the door for discussion of the ethical and moral issues surrounding …

Sermon From The Capitol Hill: Abraham Lincoln’S Usage Of The Bible In His Second Inaugural, Ben Atwood

Compass: An Undergraduate Journal of American Political Ideas

While President Abraham Lincoln’s religious life evades easy explanation, his love for the Bible and its teachings cannot be denied. He frequently laced his speeches with Biblical ideas and language, capturing the attention of a Biblically-aware audience. The question of Lincoln’s attraction to the Bible removed from organized religion deserves consideration. The Bible’s distinct role in Lincoln’s speeches may have peaked with Lincoln’s Second Inaugural address. Given March 4, 1865, only six weeks before his assassination, the Second Inaugural may read as the president’s “last will and testament,” a final opportunity to preach to his nation.

Author information: Ben Atwood …

Postmodernity, Chance, And Judicial Interpretation, Tanner Love

Compass: An Undergraduate Journal of American Political Ideas

This essay is about postmodern thought’s view of chance as compared to ancient and modern thought, and how this view turns judicial interpretation into a game of force.

Author information: Tanner Love graduated from Jacksonville State University with degrees in political science and English and is studying law at the University of Alabama School of Law.

Advanced Psychopathology, Comfort Asanbe

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus is designed for a graduate course in the study of abnormal psychology, also known in some institutions as Psychopathology. The course is required for new students who are starting their program in clinical mental health counseling (CMHC). The syllabus provides information on required resources for optimal performance in the class. These resources include; electronic DSM-5 book through the CSI library e-resources, digital interactive learning resource (MindTap), instructional movies through Wikipedia, and links to relevant mental health organizations. The resources are mostly open education resources (OER), with a few that are not free (MindTap).

Ce 550 Syllabus: Addictions Counseling - Intro To The Field, Mitch Moore

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course provides students with an overview of the transdisciplinary foundations of alcohol and drug counseling, including theories of chemical dependency, recovery and the continuum of care, and the process of change from a wide range of perspectives. Students will become familiar with the process for screening clients to determine program appropriateness and eligibility. They will be introduced to program admission, intake, orientation, processes and procedures, case management functions, and record-keeping requirements. Referring clients for additional supports and wrap-around services will be considered.

Ce 590 Syllabus: Addictions Counseling - Practicum, Mitch Moore

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course provides a practical, field-based experience of 880 hours in an addiction counseling setting as required by the Minnesota Board of Behavioral Health and Therapy (MBBHT) Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor [LADC], and the Minnesota Certification Board’s (MCB) Board Certified Counselor (BCC) requirements (IC&RC). This experience may be arranged with supervision coordinated through the practicum course instructor and an on-site supervisor. A total of six (6) credits—two sections—of practicum work must be completed.

Ce 601 Syllabus: Foundations Of Counseling - Winona, Anquinetta V. Calhoun

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course introduces students to the profession of counseling. Through scholarly research and writing, students will examine the role and function of counselors in a variety of settings. Current trends and issues in counseling also will be addressed. Throughout the course, major emphasis will be placed on the learning and practice of basic helping skills in a supervised setting.

Ce 601 Syllabus: Foundations Of Counseling - Rochester, Anquinetta V. Calhoun

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course introduces students to the profession of counseling. Through scholarly research and writing, students will examine the role and function of counselors in a variety of settings. Current trends and issues in counseling also will be addressed. Throughout the course, major emphasis will be placed on the learning and practice of basic helping skills in a supervised setting.

Ce 620 Syllabus: Tests And Measurements, Dawnette Cigrand

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course provides an overview of the fundamentals of measurement as applied to psychological testing. Knowledge of and practical experience in the use of standardized psychological tests in counseling for personality assessment, evaluation, and career and life decisions will be provided.

Ce 633 Syllabus: Ethical Practice And Social Change, Rieko Miyakuni

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course introduces students to the legal, professional and ethical issues that affect the practice of counseling and psychotherapy and the methods and ethical basis for counselors to be agents of social change. Students will become familiar with law and ethical codes related to the counseling profession. A model for ethical decision-making will be presented. Also, students will be presented with models for social change in their function as leaders, change agents, collaborators, and risk takers. Providing outreach and advocacy services in the school and community settings, students will expand their role as counselors to include the social contexts of …

Ce 635 Syllabus: Orientation To School Counseling, Anquinetta V. Calhoun

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course introduces the student to current school counseling models and effective practice. The focus is on practical issues faced by school counselors as they implement a school counseling program, work with students, colleagues, and families, and manage role responsibilities effectively. The course content will be delivered using a combination of lecture, discussion, experiential activities, individual, and group projects. Field based learning, when available, may be a component of this course.

Ce 640 Syllabus: Orientation To Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Mary Fawcett

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course examines the counseling profession including history, philosophy, theory, and professional issues. Emphasis is on different counseling populations, social justice and multicultural issues.

Ce 658 Syllabus Microskills - Fawcett, Mary Fawcett

Counselor Education Syllabi

This is a practice course, which provides a systematic skills approach to developing basic counseling skills. Students will have the opportunity to practice micro-skills (e.g., rapport building, attending, paraphrasing, etc.) on a weekly basis.

Ce 658 Appendix Microskills - Miyakuni, Rieko Miyakuni

Counselor Education Syllabi

An Appendix for course CE 658-01 Microskills.

Ce 658 Syllabus: Microskills - Miyakuni, Rieko Miyakuni

Counselor Education Syllabi

This is a practice course that provides a systematic approach to developing basic counseling skills. Students will have the opportunity to practice counseling microskills (e.g. rapport building, attending, paraphrasing, reflecting feeling and meaning, interpretation, modeling, role playing, etc.) on a weekly basis. This pre-professional course is workshop centered, practice-oriented, and a safe place to explore new skills. The emphasis will be on analysis of your own and others’ counseling styles and performance. This analysis will grow out of skills and theory presented in class, as well as your putting these skills into practice.

Ce 680 Syllabus: Counseling Practicum - Cigrand, Dawnette Cigrand

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course provides an opportunity for the student counselor to begin to develop and refine their individual and group counseling skills within the functional milieu of a clinical or school setting. All practicum activities are closely supervised by university and field-based supervisors. Prior to entry into the course, all students must provide to the instructor verification of having current professional liability insurance.

Ce 680 Syllabus: Counseling Practicum - Moore, Mitch Moore

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course provides an opportunity for the counselor-in-training to begin to develop and refine their individual and group counseling skills within the functional milieu of a clinical mental health or school setting. All practicum activities are closely supervised by university and field-based supervisors.

Pass-Through Effects Of Standing Facilities On Bank Interest Rates In Nigeria, Victor Ezeora Eleam, Chinyelu Gloria Ekwom, Chibueze Charles Ariolu, Chukwubuzo Jackson Umebali, Adewale Timothy Balogun

Economic and Financial Review

The paper investigates the pattern of pass-through effects of standing facilities rates on commercial bank retail interest rates in Nigeria. Monthly data spanning 2007:06 to 2019:12 and the Gregory-Hansen cointegration method that accounts for structural breaks are used in the empirical analysis. The adjustment parameters for the standing deposit and lending facilities are found to be significant, but with a low speed of adjustment. This provides some evidence on the nature of the interest rate channel of monetary policy transmission in the country. Furthermore, the study could not confirm asymmetry in the adjustment of retail rates to their long-run equilibria. …

Getting Girls Back To School In Kenya: The 4ts ('Trace, Track, Talk And Return') Initiative Implementation Report, George Odwe, Chi-Chi Undie, Ann Gachoya, Truphena Kirongo, Fredrick Kiiru, Jane Njogu

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Covid-19 pandemic led to devastating economic and social disruptions globally including in the education sector. The pandemic disrupted access to both sexual and reproductive health services and safe spaces. As a result, many girls faced vulnerabilities that inhibited access to basic education, including risks of child marriage, early pregnancy, gender-based violence, female genital mutilation/cutting, sexual exploitation, and child labor. The negative impact of Covid-19 on girls' education underscores the need for interventions addressing the effect on school re-entry and retention. Kenya has a favorable policy environment for supporting retention within, and re-entry into, schools for vulnerable girls. Notable core …

Community Foundations As Community Leaders: The Role Of Community Leadership In Creating Change, Colton Strawser

The Foundation Review

Community foundations claim to play an integral role in fostering philanthropy at a local or regional level across the United States, seeking to improve the quality of life for community residents. Their business model has three main components: grantmaking, fundraising, and community leadership.

As the newest addition to the community foundation operating model, community leadership remains the least examined component in terms of how these foundations define and pursue it. This article seeks to contribute to the literature on the challenges and benefits community foundations encounter in pursuit of a community leadership role.

Utilizing an exploratory design, interviews with leaders …

A Host Of People In Detroit: Forging A Twenty-First Century Ensemble In The Deindustrial City, Jacob Hooker

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines the vitality and importance of ensemble-generated experimental theatre in the United States beyond traditional creative capitals. I investigate the transformations that are taking place in US independent contemporary theatre and show that these changes are connected to issues of place and the local. I frame this inquiry by detailing five community-based, experimental ensembles working in five deindustrializing cities: Team Sunshine Performance Corporation in Philadelphia, Goat in the Road Productions in New Orleans, Maelstrom Collaborative Arts in Cleveland, Hatch Arts Collective in Pittsburgh, and A Host of People in Detroit. Through these case studies I show how local …

The Psychological Allure Of Alford: Why Innocents Plead Guilty, Johanna Hellgren

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The Alford plea allows defendants to maintain their innocence while accepting a plea. Although this plea is more prevalent than jury trials, it is largely unknown to both lay people and researchers (Redlich & Özdoğru, 2009). Legal scholars have argued that the Alford plea may present an undue influence on innocent defendants who may not otherwise accept a plea, while other assert that the Alford plea is a beneficial alternative for defendants who want to preserve their reputation (Ronis, 2009; Ward, 2004). However, no research to date has explored either of these assumptions.

The goals of the current research were …

Dream City: Post-Millennials And Millennials Navigate School, Work, And Housing In New York City, Omar Montana

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines the experiences of the “Post-Millennial” (those born after 1996) and “Millennial” (those born between 1981 - 1996) generations, as they pursue their dreams of studying, working and living in New York City. According to Karl Mannheim’s (1923) classic formulation, a “generation” can be perceived as a particular type of social location typified by common “patterns of experience and thought”. Through seventy-five in-depth interviews, the qualitative data revealed a social location characterized by a common pattern of “time is money” – as the German theorist Georg Simmel (1903) postulated more than a century ago – and stress as …