Engineering Commons^™

Distribution System Reliability Evaluation Considering Protection Coordination Using Petri Nets, Rani Kumari, Bhukya Krishna Naick

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Maintaining reliable and high-quality power delivery becomes increasingly complex with expanding power grids. The lack of protection coordination poses a significant threat, compromising overall system reliability. This research addresses this challenge by proposing a method for coordinating protective devices within the distribution system, specifically during network faults. The proposed approach utilizes a stochastic timed Petri net (STPN) based methodology to model protective device coordination across various fault scenarios. This technique effectively captures the dynamic behavior and interactions of protective equipment, allowing for the anticipation of potential disturbances. This proactive insight facilitates preventative measures to address prewarning situations, thereby preventing cascading …

Proposed Methodology For Correcting Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Field-Of-View Scene-Change Artifacts, Kody A. Wilson, Michael L. Dexter, Benjamin F. Akers, Anthony L. Franz

Faculty Publications

Fourier-transform spectrometers are widely used for spectral measurements. Changes in the field of view during measurement introduce oscillations into the measured spectra known as scene-change artifacts. Field-of-view changes also introduce uncertainty about which target the measured spectrum represents. Though scene-change artifacts are often present in dynamic data, their significance is disputed in the current literature. This work presents a theoretical framework and experimental validation for scene-change artifacts. Field-of-view changes introduce variable interferogram offsets, which standard processing techniques assume are constant. The error between the interferogram offset and its estimate is Fourier-transformed, yielding scene-change artifacts, often confused with noise, in the …

Improved Performance Of Wave Energy Converters And Arrays For Wave-To-Onshore Power Grid Integration, Madelyn Veurink, David Wilson, Rush Robinett, Wayne Weaver

Michigan Tech Publications

This paper focuses on power grid integration of wave energy converter (WEC) arrays that minimize added energy storage for maximizing power capture as well as smoothing the oscillatory power inputs into the grid. In particular, a linear right circular cylinder WEC array that implements complex conjugate control is compared and contrasted to a nonlinear WEC array that implements an hourglass buoy shape while both are integrated into the grid utilizing phase control (i.e., relative spacing of the WEC array) on the input powers to the grid. The Hamiltonians of the two WEC systems are derived, enabling a direct comparison of …

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation Of Darrieus-Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine With Active Suction Cavity, Ahmed Elbaz, Nabil Mahmoud Dr, Mohamwd Akmal Ammar Dr

Mechanical Engineering

The current work aims at improving the power conversion efficiency of a widely used type of wind turbine, the vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). This is achieved by actively controlling the boundary layer characteristics on turbine blades through wall suction. The effect of this active control technique on the performance of a NACA0018 Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine is investigated by means of three-dimensional numerical simulations using ANSYS-FLUENT software. Pressure-based incompressible Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes (URANS) equations, complemented with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω model for turbulence closure, were solved. A detailed computational methodology is adopted, including domain extent, mesh refinement, and …

Why Agtech Startups Fail? Evidence From Global Shutdown Patterns In 2025 And The Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, Ankit Chandra, Ishani Lal

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Agricultural technologies are widely seen as a driver for sustainability, resilience, and food-system transformation. Yet in 2025, agtech startup across North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa experienced multiple shutdowns. Although each company closed for its own reasons, the failures highlight consistent underlying patterns. We analyze 18 publicly reported shutdowns across controlled-environment agriculture (CEA), robotics, insect protein, digital platforms, sensors, and ag-biotechnology. We find that most ventures struggled not with scientific feasibility but with economic and adoption dynamics at the farm level. We identify a Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, in which the capital and operational burden of a technology exceeds farmers’ capacity …

Pythagorean Neutrosophic Mathematical Modelling, M. Kavitha, R. Irene Hepzibah

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Survey-based assessments often suffer from ambiguity, inconsistency, and uncertainty, which weaken the reliability of decision-making outcomes. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel decision-support framework for data fuzzification, ranking, and agility measurement using Pythagorean Neutrosophic Fuzzy Sets (PNFS). The proposed method offers three major advantages: (i) enhanced ability to capture high levels of indeterminacy compared with classical fuzzy and intuitionistic models, (ii) improved ranking accuracy through a newly developed score function and ranking algorithm, and (iii) greater robustness in scenarios involving conflicting, incomplete, or imprecise expert judgments. The framework includes a refined Pythagorean Neutrosophic fuzzification technique, mathematically supported …

A Study Of Regular And Irregular Complex Neutrosophic Vague Graphs, Suriyakumar G, V. J. Sudhakar

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In this paper, We define the regular complex neutrosophic vague graph and the irregular complex neutrosophic vague graph for this purpose. We specify a node’s degree and total degree in a normal complex neutrosophic vague graph. A few features and theorems of those regular and irregular complex neutrosophic vague graphs are presented. This article defines busy and free nodes in a normal complex neutrosophic vague graph. Also, we describe a regular and irregular complex neutrosophic vague graph with a cycle as the underlying crisp graph.

Neutrosophic Hankel Transforms And Their Application To Cross-Domain Legislative Integration, Mona Gharib, Mehboob Ali, Ishtiaq Hussain

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces the Neutrosophic Hankel Transform (NHT) as a novel mathematical framework for modeling systems with radial structure under uncertainty, indeterminacy, and inconsistency. Building upon classical Hankel transforms and neutrosophic logic, we define two complementary realizations: a componentwise transform (NHT–C) that transports uncertainty with the signal, and a kernel-weighted transform (NHT–K) that embeds neutrosophic weights into the integral kernel. We establish linearity, inversion, and Parseval-type relations, and derive operational rules that diagonalize the Bessel radial operator.

To demonstrate utility, we formulate a radial diffusion–reaction model for pollutant concentration in a radialized river cross-section and solve it in closed form …

From Uncertainty To Lucidity: Awareness Neutrosophic Kähler-Einstein Innovative Evaluator Methodological In Era Of Green Artificial Intelligence, Mona Mohamed, Ahmed M. Ali

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) is a double-edged sword. On the positive side, Large Language Models (LLMs) of Gen AI as chatbot considered intelligent friend. Due to its potential to stimulate the maturation of ideas and cultivate fundamental general abilities like problem-solving and critical thinking. The advancement of Gen AI continued after that, moving from “chatbots” to “AI agents” that carry out multi-step activities in addition to responding to queries.

Regarding the downside, the terminology of “Red AI” era brought about by generative AI is marked by a performance at any expense that puts pressure on …

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Pessimistic Multi-Granulation Rough Set Model Based On (A,B,C)-Cut Relations And Its Applications, Xu-Xi Wu, Hu Zhao, Qiao-Ling Song, Xiong-Wei Zhang

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

To address uncertainty in multi-source data, this paper proposes a single-valued neutrosophic pessimistic multi-granulation rough set (P-SVN-MGRS) model based on (a,b,c)-cut relations. In this framework, each neutrosophic relation is characterized by three membership-degree functions: T(x,y), I(x,y), and F(x,y). These functions correspond to truth-membership, indeterminacy, and falsity, respectively. The (α,β,γ)-cut relation employs parameters α,β,γ∈(0,1] as thresholds for the three functions. A pair (x,y) belongs to …

Energetics Analysis Of Solitary Waves Using A Multi-Layer Model, Hunter Boswell, Frank D. Han, Guirong Yan, Wouter Mostert

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the performance of a vertically-Lagrangian multi-layer model on numerically simulating shoaling and breaking two-dimensional solitary waves during both the breaking and post-breaking processes. The energy dissipation of the breaking event for the multi-layer waves is analyzed and compared to prior direct numerical simulation work with the same bathymetric and wave cases. It shows very similar data collapse to shallow-water inertial theory. For post-breaking behavior, bore characteristics are compared to an experimental study of bores formed from breaking solitary waves and similar results are found. While the multi-layer method was not found to behave sufficiently well for direct …

Spectroscopic Investigations On Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers, Parinaz Amaniabdolmalaki, Jui Vitthal Kharade, Alexandro Trevino, Lydia Morales, Karen Lozano, Victoria Padilla, Karen S. Martirosyan, Horacio Vasquez, Mircea Chipara

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

The production of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers by force-spinning from polymer solutions was confirmed by electron microscopy. The structural and phase characteristics of the resulting nanofiber mats were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction. Results from all these techniques consistently indicated that both the powder and the mats of polyvinylidene fluoride predominantly contain the α phase, with a small admixture of the β phase. Within experimental errors, no other phases were noticed both in the powder and in the as-obtained mats. The ratios of the areas of the Raman lines at …

Comparing And Optimizing Hollow Fibre And Flat Sheet Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Hamed Kariman, Mehdi Khiadani, Hussein A. Mohammed

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Membrane Distillation (MD) systems have the potential to tackle the growing global water demand. Within various MD systems, Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) systems are particularly important in addressing this issue. Hollow Fibre VMD (HF-VMD) and Flat Sheet VMD (FS-VMD) are the two main configurations of VMD systems, where limited studies are available on their comparison and optimisation under identical operational conditions. This study firstly charts the mathematical modelling of HF-VMD and FS-VMD systems that have been developed, accounting for the amount of flux, Gain Output Ratio (GOR), Temperature Polarisation Coefficient (TPC), and Specific Thermal Energy Consumption (STEC) of both configurations …

Distributed Model Predictive Control-Based Power Management Scheme For Grid-Integrated Microgrids, Sergio Escareno, Sijo Augustine, Liang Sun, Sathishkumar J. Ranade, Olga Lavrava, Enrico Pontelli, John Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Transitioning from traditional electrical grids to smart grids is currently an ongoing process that many nations are striving for due to their access to renewable resources. Energy management is one of the key parameters that decides the performance of such complex systems. Distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC) is a promising technique that can be used to improve the energy management of grid-connected systems. This paper analyzes a grid-connected inverter system with DMPC that exchanges key operating parameters with the grid to optimize coordinated power sharing between its respective loads. The state-space model for the inverter is derived and verified to …

Trust In Automation Causing Automation Complacency In Relation To General Aviation: A Quantitative Study, Bart Augustin Marcules

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative causal-comparative study examined whether a relationship exists between Trust in Automation (TIA) and the potential for automation complacency in general aviation between pilots flying automated and non-automated aircraft as single pilots, while controlling for pilot generation. Autonomation can lead to automation complacency through overreliance and trust in the automation. Automation complacency may cause pilots to lose situational awareness and be surprised by automation surprises, leading to detrimental outcomes. Although automation complacency has long challenged commercial pilots, resulting in significant research on this issue, little research has focused on this issue in general aviation. The limited research is due …

A Longitudinal Study Of Performance And Workload In Military Flight Training, Kristen Fitzgerald Biondich

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative longitudinal research study of aircrew undergoing transition training was to examine the relationships between progressive syllabus events and aircrew performance, and progressive syllabus events and workload. In military aviation, the transition from one platform to another can present significant challenges to aircrew, especially regarding task saturation and performance. Previous research has suggested methods for improving the practice of flight training but has not investigated the emerging OA-1K mission and platform. The OA-1K is a modified Air Tractor AT-802U, a rugged, single-engine turboprop aircraft that is intended for use flying light attack and reconnaissance missions. This …

Simulation Study On Nh3 Combustion And NoX Emissions Under Gas Turbine-Relevant Conditions, Kumeesha Arumawadu, Braxton Wiggins, Ziyu Wang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Student Publications and Presentations

Ammonia (NH₃) is a zero-carbon fuel and an attractive hydrogen (H₂) carrier for gas turbine power generation due to its high energy density, ease of storage, and transportation. This study numerically investigates NH₃/air combustion using a hybrid Well-Stirred Reactor (WSR) and Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) model in Cantera at pressures of 1–20 atm, temperatures of 1850–2150 K, and equivalence ratios (ϕ) of 0.7–1.2. The effects of pressure, equivalence ratio, and temperature on NH₃ conversion and NO formation are examined. Results show that NH₃ exhibits a non-monotonic conversion curve with pressure after the …

Volumetric Wear Analysis Of Polyethylene Orthopedic Liners Using Point Clouds, Gabriel Landi

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

In vivo wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) orthopedic bearings represents a major problem in shoulder and knee arthroplasty, with significant amounts of devices failing due to the complication itself, and even more due to associated reasons for retrieval, including aseptic loosening. However, quantification of UHMWPE wear has largely been limited to linear and in vitro volumetric analyses, obscuring the understanding of the amount of clinically relevant material loss. This study proposes new methods to measure articular, rim, and backside surfaces of retrieved shoulder and knee UHMWPE liners, centered around the coordinate measuring machine (CMM)-based collection of high density …

Securing U.S. Leadership In Agentic Ai Literacy And Adoption: U.S. Vs Chinese Government Policies And Initiatives, Satyadhar Joshi

Harrisburg University Other Works

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of U.S. and Chinese frameworks for AI literacy and adoption, with focus on agentic AI and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) systems capable of autonomous reasoning and execution. We examine national policies, educational integration, governance structures, and technological roadmaps, employing both qualitative review and quantitative modeling. Mathematical formulations include multi-dimensional literacy scoring, Bass diffusion models for adoption dynamics, risk assessment functions, regulatory effectiveness indices, competitiveness metrics, and optimization frameworks for resource allocation. Our analysis reveals divergent paradigms: the U.S. Favors decentralized, innovation-driven approaches with emphasis on interoperability and public-private collaboration; while China pursues centralized, state-led …

Reproducible Semantic Data Management Workflow For Materials Data Science: Generating Knowledge Graphs With Robust Fairifcation Pipelines, Kyle R. Henrikson, Van D. Tran, Meredith Francis, Isabella Giammattei, Quynh D. Tran, Laura S. Bruckman, Erika I. Barcelos, Roger H. French

Student Scholarship

Combining data from multiple sources is crucial for efficient knowledge aggregation in materials data science. FAIR data from ontology and Linked Data principles enable this. Semantic data management streamlines data exchange and aggregation, ensuring information is available and extractable. FAIRLinked and GraphDB provide solutions for consolidating, hosting, and extracting meaningful insight from multimodal data.

Methods For Radiation-Sparing Navigation In Endovascular And Spine Surgery, William Ross Warner

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Modern surgical navigation systems improve procedural accuracy, limit complications, and can reduce reliance on intraoperative ionizing radiation, yet their adoption remains uneven across surgical domains. Informed by clinical immersion, this thesis identifies and addresses two unmet needs revealed through contrasting image-guidance practices in endovascular and spine surgery, where existing guidance techniques are costly, intermittent, or fundamentally limited. Specifically, these needs include (1) the absence of radiation-sparing navigation techniques for endovascular procedures, which rely heavily on 2D x-ray angiography, and (2) the need for dynamic registration methods in open spine surgery, where navigation accuracy can degrade after initial registration and intraoperative …

Applications For The Quasi-Atomic Orbital And Constrained Density Functional Theory Methods On Catalytic Reactions, Alvaro David Loaiza Orduz

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Selective activation of C–O, C–H, and C–C bonds underpins biomass upgrading, alkane functionalization, and CO₂ conversion. Despite their importance, the electronic factors governing catalytic performance remain incompletely understood, and many industrial processes still rely on empirical trends or material-specific observations. This dissertation addresses this gap by applying density functional theory (DFT), thermodynamic decomposition, and electronic-structure analysis to identify unifying principles of reactivity across transition-metal phosphides, vanadate oxides, copper-based electrocatalysts, and mixed IrO₂–RuO₂ layers. This work examines how charge transfer, orbital localization, and ligand-induced perturbations control reaction pathways in diverse catalytic systems. C–O bond scission in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) and methanol was …

Exploring Runtime Sparsification Of Yolo Model Weights During Inference, Tanzeel-Ur-Rehman Khan, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Student Research

In the pursuit of real-time object detection with constrained computational resources, the optimization of neural network architectures is paramount. We introduce novel sparsity induction methods within the YOLOv4-Tiny framework to significantly improve computational efficiency while maintaining high accuracy in pedestrian detection. We present three sparsification approaches: Homogeneous, Progressive, and Layer-Adaptive, each methodically reducing the model’s complexity without compromising its detection capability. Additionally, we refine the model’s output with a memory-efficient sliding window approach and a Bounding Box Sorting Algorithm, ensuring precise Intersection over Union (IoU) calculations. Our results demonstrate a substantial reduction in computational load by zeroing out over 50% …

Molecular Survival Strategies Against Kidney Filtration: Implications For Therapeutic Protein Engineering, William Heaps, Anna Elise Packard, Kristina M. Mccammon, Tyler P. Green, Joseph P. Talley, Bradley C. Bundy, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

The glomerular filtration barrier poses a significant challenge for circulating proteins, with molecules below ~60–70 kDa facing rapid renal clearance. Endogenous proteins have evolved sophisticated evasion mechanisms including oligomerization, carrier binding, electrostatic repulsion, and FcRn-mediated recycling. Understanding these natural strategies provides blueprints for engineering therapeutic proteins with improved pharmacokinetics. This review examines how endogenous proteins resist filtration, evaluates their application in protein engineering, and discusses clinical translation including established technologies (PEGylation, Fc-fusion) and emerging strategies (albumin-binding domains, glycoengineering). We address critical challenges of balancing half-life extension with tissue penetration, biological activity, and immunogenicity—essential considerations for the rational design of next-generation …

Accuracy Of Glenohumeral Joint Center Of Rotation Estimates Using Traditional Motion Capture Versus Bi-Plane Fluoroscopy, Julia A. Dunn, Ola Alsaadi, Kevin Shelburne, Michelle B. Sabick

Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Scholarship

Accurate estimation of the glenohumeral joint center of rotation is critical for biomechanical modeling of shoulder motion. This study evaluated the accuracy of three predictive methods for estimating glenohumeral joint center of rotation using optical motion capture, compared against a benchmark derived from synchronous bi-plane fluoroscopy. Five healthy adults performed shoulder abduction, flexion, and external rotation in 90° abducted and adducted positions. Root mean square error and axial errors were calculated across the full range of motion. Results showed that none of the predictive methods met clinically acceptable thresholds, with absolute error exceeding 10 mm and axial errors surpassing ±5 …

Tuning Oxygen Reduction Kinetics In Lasrcoo4 With Strained Epitaxial Thin Films And Wrinkled Freestanding Membranes, Habib Rostaghi Chalaki, Ebenezer Sessi, Mohammad El Loubani, Dongkyu Lee

Faculty Publications

Sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a critical barrier to advancing intermediate-temperature electrochemical energy devices. Here, we demonstrate that strain engineering in two platforms, epitaxial thin films and freestanding membranes, systematically tunes ORR kinetics in Ruddlesden-Popper LaSrCoO4. In epitaxial films, film thickness is varied to control in-plane tensile strain, whereas in freestanding membranes strain relaxation during the release step using water-soluble sacrificial layers produces flat or wrinkled architectures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals more than an order of magnitude increase in the oxygen surface exchange coefficient for tensile-strained films relative to relaxed films, together with a larger oxygen vacancy concentration. …

Influence Of Co2 Curing On Carbonation Depth, Phase Composition, And Micro-Mechanical Properties Of Fbc Ash-Blended Cementitious Materials, Heejung Jun, Seongho Han, Sanghwon Wi, Jinyoung Yoon

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the physicochemical and mechanical performance of cementitious composites incorporating fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash under accelerated carbon dioxide (CO₂) curing. FBC ash, due to its high contents of free calcium oxide (CaO) and sulfate (SO₃), has been reported to cause challenges, such as volume instability and lower early-age strength. To address these limitations, CO2 curing was applied to promote accelerated carbonation and stabilize the hydration products. Cement paste and mortar samples, made with up to 40 % by cement weight replacement with FBC ash (labelled CF), were subjected to either CO₂ curing …

Trip Generation Model For Mixed-Use Development In Klang Valley, Malaysia., Goh Boon Hoe

Student Works (2020-2029)

Mixed-Use Developments (MXDs) are single development projects that integrate and interact with different land uses, such as offices, retail, restaurants, entertainment venues, hotels, and/or residential areas. MXDs are internally connected, allowing users of different land uses to share internal streets, walkways, driveways, and parking spaces. Traffic is estimated to be reduced with such developments. Currently, in Malaysia, there is no standard procedure to estimate the MXD trip generation rates. The Malaysian Trip Generation Manual (MTGM) 2010 is the guideline used to forecast future trips for a single land use and hence, by summing the trip generation rates for multiple land …

A Review Of Routing Attacks In Routing Protocol Over Low-Power And Lossy-Based Iot Networks, Lanka Chris Sejaphala Mr., Vusimuzi Malele Prof, Francis Lugayizi Prof.

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Low-power and Lossy IoT Networks (LLNs) comprise physical sensors, processing capability, power, and other technologies to exchange information between systems and devices over the internet. However, these networks are susceptible to routing attacks affecting resources, traffic flow, and topology formation. In the related work, it has been discovered that many previous studies do not consider algorithms and implementation approaches for routing attacks. This research study provides a comprehensive in-depth synthesis insight into the description, effects, and algorithms & implementation of four routing attacks in LLNs i.e., rank, sinkhole, DIS-flooding, and worst parent attacks. The findings of this research study highlight …

Robust And High-Efficiency Demodulation Of Ultra-Weak Fbg Arrays In Ofdr-Based Distributed Sensing, Zhaopeng Zhang, Yuxuan Cao, Xu Liu, Dingcheng Wang, Bo Liu, Chen Zhu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A robust and high-efficiency demodulation scheme for optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) based ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array detection system, originating from the Buneman frequency estimation (BFE) algorithm, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Due to the current limitations and imperfections of FBG inscription technology, the quasi-continuous inscription approach, along with its less-than-ideal outcomes, gives rise to problems of grating spectrum splitting and spectral distortion during the grating demodulation process. This renders the traditional approach of directly applying the BFE algorithm for grating demodulation ineffective, despite its significant enhancement of demodulation efficiency. To address this issue, we propose utilizing the …