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Articles 1 - 30 of 2617
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Heat Sink With Fins And Phase Change Material For Cooling Of High-Power Electronic Devices, Farooq Fakher Mahmoud
Heat Sink With Fins And Phase Change Material For Cooling Of High-Power Electronic Devices, Farooq Fakher Mahmoud
Theses
Electronics are integral to modern life, present in everything from household appliances to advanced computers. The performance and reliability of these devices are closely tied to their operating temperatures. High-power operations can lead to significant heating, necessitating effective thermal management to enhance functionality and prevent failure. This requirement drives the demand for efficient heat sinks, which dissipate the heat generated by these devices. Phase change material (PCM)-based heat sinks have become a popular passive cooling solution, increasingly replacing traditional heat sinks.
This research investigates finned PCM-based heat sinks using numerical simulations validated by existing literature and experimental data. Gallium is …
The Impact Of Outdoor Thermal Comfort On Users’ Walkability: Study Case In Al Ain Square, Al Ain City, Uae, Alyazia Saeed Alnehayan
The Impact Of Outdoor Thermal Comfort On Users’ Walkability: Study Case In Al Ain Square, Al Ain City, Uae, Alyazia Saeed Alnehayan
Theses
Living in a hot dry arid climate limits the walkability of its inhabitants. The excessive heat and dryness of the weather undoubtedly make walking a less tempting, encouraging, and pleasant choice for getting around the city. For that reason, this master thesis analyzes the various strategies used to enhance outdoor thermal comfort. Outdoor thermal comfort is controlled by numerous factors, including street and building orientation, vegetation, shading devices, and water bodies. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between walkability and UTCI values (universal thermal comfort index) in the context of Al Ain Square, a neighborhood in …
Neural Operator For Accelerating Coronal Magnetic Field Computations In Bifrost Mhd Model, Yutao Du
Neural Operator For Accelerating Coronal Magnetic Field Computations In Bifrost Mhd Model, Yutao Du
Theses
The application of the Tensorized Fourier Neural Operator (TFNO) to significantly enhance the computational efficiency of coronal magnetic field calculations within the Bifrost Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model is introduced in this study. Leveraging simulated data from the European Sunrise Science Data Center, the TFNO? an extension of the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) that incorporates tensor decomposition for improved handling of high-dimensional data?is employed to solve time-varying partial differential equations (PDEs) over a 3D domain. The performance of the TFNO is compared with traditional machine learning methods, including Vision Transformer and CNN-RNN (encoder-decoder) architectures, to demonstrate its accuracy, computational efficiency, and scalability. …
Marking Estimation In Petri Nets Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition, Aditya Kale
Marking Estimation In Petri Nets Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition, Aditya Kale
Theses
Petri Nets (PNs) are a well-established framework for modeling and analyzing complex systems with interacting, concurrent processes. This thesis extends traditional Petri Net methodologies by integrating Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), a technique originally developed for fluid dynamics, to analyze Continuous Petri Nets (CPNs). By applying DMD to CPN marking evolution, this research constructs a reduced-order model that captures its dynamics through dynamic modes and eigenvalues, enabling prediction of future markings without detailed knowledge of transition firings or underlying deterministic models. The principal contribution of this research is extending the kit of tools available for analysis of CPN dynamics, providing insights …
Targeted Drug Delivery: Investigating Protein Corona Behavior, Atharva Markale
Targeted Drug Delivery: Investigating Protein Corona Behavior, Atharva Markale
Theses
Due to high specificity and less toxicity, nanoparticles have become promising for targeted drug delivery against cancer, although they face challenges when they enter the bloodstream, making their behavior unpredictable. The deposition of proteins on nanoparticles, the protein corona, changes their biosignature, affecting their circulation, drug release potency, targeting ability, and immunogenicity. The continuous exchange of protein layers on a nanoscale is complex to analyze.
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) is a method to characterize nanoparticles in blood plasma by combining principles of light scattering microscopy and Brownian motion. In this work, time-dependent experiments with plasma were conducted to analyze the …
Effects Of Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking Rehabilitation On Gait Of Patients Post Stroke, Archisha Kanchan
Effects Of Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking Rehabilitation On Gait Of Patients Post Stroke, Archisha Kanchan
Theses
Stroke can have detrimental effects on one's body. Its symptoms can range from lightheadedness to blurred vision to body paralysis. One of the more common effects of stroke is difficulty walking where many of the patients who have suffered from stroke are unable to ambulate fully. To mitigate gait difficulties, patients typically follow through with various kinds of physical therapy to help with their gait movements. Recently, robotic exoskeleton (RE) walking therapy has been used as a more innovative approach to gait rehabilitation, in conjunction with other physical therapy session techniques. However, studies involving RE therapy within the stroke population …
The Next Strike: Pioneering Forward-Thinking Attack Techniques With Rowhammer In Dram Technologies, Nakul Kochar
The Next Strike: Pioneering Forward-Thinking Attack Techniques With Rowhammer In Dram Technologies, Nakul Kochar
Theses
In the realm of DRAM technologies this study investigates RowHammer vulnerabilities in DDR4 DRAM memory across various manufacturers, employing advanced multi-sided fault injection techniques to impose attack strategies directly on physical memory rows. Our novel approach, diverging from traditional victim-focused methods, involves strategically allocating virtual memory rows to their physical counterparts for more potent attacks. These attacks, exploiting the inherent weaknesses in DRAM design, are capable of inducing bit flips in a controlled manner to undermine system integrity. We employed a strategy that compromised system integrity through a nuanced approach of targeting rows situated at a distance of two rows …
Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction To Ammonia On Cu Based Nanoparticles Using Quantum Mechanical Simulations, Kathan Bhavin Shukla
Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction To Ammonia On Cu Based Nanoparticles Using Quantum Mechanical Simulations, Kathan Bhavin Shukla
Theses
Nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) is critical for environmental remediation and energy conservation, as it can remove harmful nitrate (NO3-) from water sources while producing usable ammonia (NH3). Cu represents one of the most promising non-noble-metal NRA electrocatalysts. However, the intrinsic catalytic activity of Cu facets and their influence under different pH conditions remain unclear, particularly in the presence of ions commonly found in wastewater such as Cl-, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we evaluated the nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) pathways …
Strawberry Nectar Preservation Through Innovative Techniques And Energy Evaluation For High-Pressure Processing, Caterina Scaioli
Strawberry Nectar Preservation Through Innovative Techniques And Energy Evaluation For High-Pressure Processing, Caterina Scaioli
Theses
Strawberries are universally adored by people of all ages, owing to their richness in vitamins, nutrients, and antioxidants, offering myriad health benefits, including combating free radicals. However, despite their popularity, strawberry juices or nectars are not commonly found in markets due to their delicate structure, which makes them prone to rapid deterioration of their prized qualities and vibrant red color. In the food industry, preventing browning and nutrient deterioration are often the primary challenges faced when processing red juices. Traditional preservation methods, such as pasteurization, are inadequate in maintaining their freshness. The focus of this study is to explore alternative …
Methodology For Developing Biodegradable Polymer Blends And Composites For Agriculture, Fangzhong Xing
Methodology For Developing Biodegradable Polymer Blends And Composites For Agriculture, Fangzhong Xing
Theses
The use of polyethylene (PE) films to improve soil conditions and to increase crop yield has produced microplastics that are harmful to our ecosystem. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop an effective biodegradable polymer/composite to replace PE, and hence, to reduce microplastic pollution. The focus of this research is to develop a systematic protocol for assessing the suitability of the biodegradable films based on industry standards in agriculture. For this purpose, a range of biodegradable polymer blends are prepared using polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) with varying PLA to PBAT ratios. Solvent casting combined with …
Reduction Of The Length Of Stay At The Emergency Department Of The Audie L. Murphy Hospital, Arwa Al Shikrian
Reduction Of The Length Of Stay At The Emergency Department Of The Audie L. Murphy Hospital, Arwa Al Shikrian
Theses
We implemented the DMAIC framework (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) and Lean Six Sigma methods to reduce the length of stay (LOS) in the Emergency Department (ED) at Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, a crucial issue affecting operational efficiency and patient care quality. This project was conducted in conjunction with an internship at the Hospital; our efforts were an integral part of a Green Belt project being conducted by Mr. Roarke Verkaik-Bushby, Hospital Administration Service, to
whom this author reported.
We employed quantitative research design, meticulously observing, measuring, and analyzing ED processes. We tracked patient flow, identified bottlenecks, and …
Emulsion Stability, Rheological Properties, And Combustion Characteristics Of Water-Jojoba Biofuel Emulsion, Ihab Mohamed Helal
Emulsion Stability, Rheological Properties, And Combustion Characteristics Of Water-Jojoba Biofuel Emulsion, Ihab Mohamed Helal
Theses
This thesis comprehensively investigates the stability, rheological properties, and engine performance implications of Water in Jojoba Biodiesel (WJBD) emulsion. The research delves into multiple aspects, including the influence of diverse surfactants and water concentrations on emulsion stability. It also yields valuable insights into the development of stable water in jojoba biodiesel emulsions, specifically tailored for diesel engines. These insights contribute significantly to the body of knowledge of positioning emulsion fuels as viable alternative to traditional diesel fuels. The anticipated benefits include notable reductions in emissions, improvement in combustion efficiency, and lower production cost. Importantly, this study underscores the critical importance …
A Computational Investigation Into Thermo-Kinetic Parameters Governing The Decomposition Of Bio-Oil Model Compounds, Ali Huseein Aljefri
A Computational Investigation Into Thermo-Kinetic Parameters Governing The Decomposition Of Bio-Oil Model Compounds, Ali Huseein Aljefri
Theses
Among notable products from thermal degradation of biomass are simple oxygen-containing aromatics. These compounds typically appear in high loads in collected bio-oil derived from biomass. As such, it is important to comprehend the decomposition chemistry of this category of compounds. This thesis takes on board a general approach to report thermo-kinetic parameters that govern decomposition of a selected set of bio-oil model compounds in two distinct systems: firstly radical-derived pathways in the gas phase and secondly thermal degradation in their condensed media. The first is attained through accurate density functional calculations while the second is accomplished through the use of …
Heat Sink Integrating Phase Change Materials (Pcms) For Cooling High Power Electronic Devices, Mohammad Sameer Qasem
Heat Sink Integrating Phase Change Materials (Pcms) For Cooling High Power Electronic Devices, Mohammad Sameer Qasem
Theses
This research explores the numerical analysis of phase change materials (PCMs) heat sinks, focusing on high heat flux dissipation applications, e.g. electronics cooling. Both 2D and 3D numerical models using gallium and paraffin RT31 as PCMs are considered within a heat sink design framework featuring a rectangular cavity and dual opposing vertical copper walls serving as fins to dissipate heat from the hot sink base that receives heat from the heat source. The inclusion of a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) ‘Primitive’ structure as an in-fill thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE) in the case of the gallium heat sink, and a …
Disturbance Observer-Based Control For Pmsg-Based Wind Turbiner Considering Unbalanced Grid Conditions, Moayad Alanani Maher
Disturbance Observer-Based Control For Pmsg-Based Wind Turbiner Considering Unbalanced Grid Conditions, Moayad Alanani Maher
Theses
A typical Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based wind turbine system consists of an electrical generator, Machine-Side Converter (MSC), Grid-Side Converter (GSC), dc-link capacitor, and a passive filter such as L filter or LCL filter to connect the GSC to the host grid. When the wind turbine operates under unbalanced grid voltages, a negative sequence component is introduced to the system. This negative sequence voltage can pose challenges for classical controllers to ensure an efficient control of the PMSG-based wind turbine system. On one hand, when the control objective is to ensure injecting sinusoidal and balanced three-phase currents to the grid, …
Cfd Analysis Of Multi-Stage Phase Change Material For Latent Thermal Energy Storage In Solar Power Plants, Ahmad Wahbi Omari
Cfd Analysis Of Multi-Stage Phase Change Material For Latent Thermal Energy Storage In Solar Power Plants, Ahmad Wahbi Omari
Theses
The integration of latent thermal energy storage into concentrated solar power plants represents a promising solution for efficiently harnessing excessive solar energy during daylight hours and subsequently utilizing it during the nighttime when solar energy generation is limited or non-existent, all while catering to consistent energy demands. The core objective of enhancing latent thermal energy storage revolves around elevating its thermal capacity and minimizing the melting time, thus making it a more effective energy storage solution. This is achieved by employing three distinct organic phase change materials: Octadecanoic (PCM1), RT58 (PCM2) and Dodecanoic (PCM3), each characterized by variations in their …
Development Of Tio2/Nh2-Mil-125 Nanocomposite For The Removal Of Ciprofloxacin Under Induced Solar Irradiation, Bilkis Mojisola Ajiwokewu
Development Of Tio2/Nh2-Mil-125 Nanocomposite For The Removal Of Ciprofloxacin Under Induced Solar Irradiation, Bilkis Mojisola Ajiwokewu
Theses
This research focuses on the development and application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)-based nanocomposites for the photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical contaminants, with a specific emphasis on ciprofloxacin (CIP). The photocatalytic degradation of CIP was investigated using as-synthesized photocatalysts of TiO2 nanowires (TiO2NWs), bare MOF of NH2-MIL-125, TiO2NW/NH2-MIL-125 composite, and Lanthanum (La)-doped composite. Intriguingly, the TiO2NW/NH2-MIL-125 composite exhibited the highest efficiency, achieving a photodegradation rate of 0.0111 min-1, surpassing the independent performances of bare MOF of NH2-MIL-125 and TiO2NW. The observed efficiency was attributed to …
The Effects Of Blue Light From Digital Displays On Visual Fatigue, Victor Taboadela
The Effects Of Blue Light From Digital Displays On Visual Fatigue, Victor Taboadela
Theses
With the ever-increasing viewing time of digital displays, the potential effects of blue light emitted from these displays on eye health and eye fatigue are a real concern. This study presents a literature review of six laboratory studies conducted between 2014 and 2022 on the effect of using filters to attenuate the harmful effects of blue light. The review delves into smartphone and computer screen effects, recent literature reviews on blue light, and potential hazards associated with short-wavelength light. Although the majority of the studies recommended blue light filters, only three of the six laboratory studies (Shi et al. 2021, …
Gen-Acceleration: Pioneering Work For Hardware Accelerator Generation Using Large Language Models, Durga Lakshmi Venkata Deepak Vungarala
Gen-Acceleration: Pioneering Work For Hardware Accelerator Generation Using Large Language Models, Durga Lakshmi Venkata Deepak Vungarala
Theses
Optimizing computational power is critical in the age of data-intensive applications and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML). While facing challenging bottlenecks, conventional Von-Neumann architecture with implementing such huge tasks looks seemingly impossible. Hardware Accelerators are critical in efficiently deploying these technologies and have been vastly explored in edge devices. This study explores a state-of-the-art hardware accelerator; Gemmini is studied; we leveraged the open-sourced tool. Furthermore, we developed a Hardware Accelerator in the study we compared with the Non-Von-Neumann architecture. Gemmini is renowned for efficient matrix multiplication, but configuring it for specific tasks requires manual effort and expertise. We propose implementing …
Selection Of Natural Surfactants For Possible Use In Improving Oil Recovery Of Carbonate Oil Reservoirs, Hiba Hachem Limam
Selection Of Natural Surfactants For Possible Use In Improving Oil Recovery Of Carbonate Oil Reservoirs, Hiba Hachem Limam
Theses
Middle East petroleum industry is currently searching for the most suitable enhanced oil technique to improve the oil recovery from local oil reservoirs. The biggest challenge for the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the Middle East is the harsh environment (high salinity and temperature). Surfactant (synthetic or natural) is one of the EOR major players considered for application in the Middle East. However, synthetic surfactants have several drawbacks, such as economically unattractive and environmental impacts. This study investigated the possible use of natural surfactant extracted from the leaves of three types of plants, namely Aloe Vera, Tetraena qatarensis, …
Experimental Study Of Central And Side Jet With And Without Chevron Nozzle Exit On Gas Turbine Leading Edge Jet Impingement Cooling, Ahmad Yousef Alqasrawi
Experimental Study Of Central And Side Jet With And Without Chevron Nozzle Exit On Gas Turbine Leading Edge Jet Impingement Cooling, Ahmad Yousef Alqasrawi
Theses
This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the application of jet impingement cooling on turbines blade leading edge. Gas turbines are extensively utilized in power generation and aerospace industries, where efficient cooling techniques are crucial to enhance the performance and lifespan of turbine blades. The leading edge of a turbine blade is particularly vulnerable to high-temperature exposure and thermal stresses, making it an essential area for effective cooling strategies. Jet impingement cooling is one of the most effective cooling techniques mostly used in the leading edge of rotating and stationary blades. This study aims to explore the performance of jet …
Development Of Guidance, Navigation, And Control Systems For Multi-Spacecraft Assembly In Proximity Operations, Mohammed Ayman Atallah
Development Of Guidance, Navigation, And Control Systems For Multi-Spacecraft Assembly In Proximity Operations, Mohammed Ayman Atallah
Theses
This thesis presents the development of Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) algorithms for multi-spacecraft assembly in proximity operations. A 3-DOF mathematical model of spacecraft relative translational motion is derived using the Euler-Lagrange method. Additionally, a 6-DOF mathematical model of spacecraft relative translational and rotational motion is derived using the twistor method, with consideration for the kinematic coupling effect. A new Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) model is developed based on the twistor model, which is utilized in the design of the GNC systems. Both LTI Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Linear Time-Varying (LTV) MPC algorithms are employed to develop Guidance and Control …
Design And Fem Modelling Of Mems Capacitive Accelerometer And Gyroscope For Quadcopter/Uav Applications, Shaikha Rashid Alnaqbi
Design And Fem Modelling Of Mems Capacitive Accelerometer And Gyroscope For Quadcopter/Uav Applications, Shaikha Rashid Alnaqbi
Theses
This study presents the design, simulation, and analysis of Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors, constituting the principal components of MEMS-based Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). The main objective of the study is to design, simulate and analyze 3-axis capacitive accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope. The MEMS-based capacitive accelerometers and gyroscope are analyzed using Ansys Workbench. Modal, Static Structural and harmonic analysis are used to obtain resonant frequencies, deformation/stress and profile of amplitude over a wide range of frequencies. Mechanical sensitivity analysis of the designed accelerometer and gyroscope is performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Analytical Equations are developed to calculate mechanical …
Real-Time Object Tracking With Yolov5 And Recurrent Network On A Hardware Platform, Mohammed Abdulhakeem Alameri
Real-Time Object Tracking With Yolov5 And Recurrent Network On A Hardware Platform, Mohammed Abdulhakeem Alameri
Theses
The advancement of computer vision, particularly in the domain of object tracking, involves the integration of conventional feature-based approaches with contemporary deep learning methodologies. The initial phase of object detection plays a fundamental role in generating prospective objects for further tracking, and its level of success has a direct influence on the overall effectiveness of the tracking process. Many of the methods used to generate candidate objects start with object detection, and then object tracking algorithms are developed to link the object instances together to create the trajectories.
The primary difficulties in object tracking pertain to the establishment of reliable …
Design And Application Of Circular Edge-Fed Linearly Polarized Patch Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth And Gain For Respiratory Monitoring Systems, Mo’Ath Akram Al Hayek
Design And Application Of Circular Edge-Fed Linearly Polarized Patch Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth And Gain For Respiratory Monitoring Systems, Mo’Ath Akram Al Hayek
Theses
This Master’s thesis explores the design and application of a circular edge-fed patch antenna for respiratory monitoring systems. The antenna, fabricated from a thin copper adhesive sheet, demonstrates compatibility with textile materials of low thickness and a relative permittivity of 1.3. Using CST Studio Suite 3D EM simulation software, the antenna’s design was optimized through extensive trials, achieving improved bandwidth and gain. Our findings indicate that the antenna successfully differentiates between various breathing patterns, including slow, normal, and fast breathing rates. The study’s managerial and research implications extend to healthcare, wearable technology sectors, and the broader scientific community. The research …
Dual-Site Photoplethysmography Sensing For Noninvasive Continuous-Time Blood Pressure Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Network, Anas Mohmmad Rabab’Ah
Dual-Site Photoplethysmography Sensing For Noninvasive Continuous-Time Blood Pressure Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Network, Anas Mohmmad Rabab’Ah
Theses
Millions of people worldwide struggle from high blood pressure, often known as hypertension, and it is a major health concern that can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and many other consequences. Blood pressure monitoring that is reliable and accurate is crucial to the detection and management of hypertension. Although invasive techniques, such as arterial catheterization, are considered to be the most accurate means of evaluating blood pressure, they can be painful, time-consuming and carry a risk of complications.
This thesis presents the development of a real time non-invasive blood pressure monitoring system based on commercially available microcontroller …
Upgrading Biomass To Bio-Oil: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation And Pyrolysis Of Vanillin And Anisole Biomass Model Compounds, Ahmad J. Yaghi
Upgrading Biomass To Bio-Oil: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation And Pyrolysis Of Vanillin And Anisole Biomass Model Compounds, Ahmad J. Yaghi
Theses
The purpose of this project is to investigate capacity of selected formulations of catalysts toward the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass model compounds in the gas phase with the underlying aim to produce hydrocarbon cuts that can be directly used as transportation fuels. The first part of this project is to devoted to illustrate procedures for the synthesis of potent (HDO) catalysts. Synthesized catalysts encompass nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and palladium (Pd) supported on zeolite, cerium oxide (CeO2) or alumina (Al2O3). Various characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) were deployed …
A Numerical Investigation Realizing The Flow Structure And Heat Transfer Performance Of The Potential Impinging Jets, Mohammed Sami Uddin Khan
A Numerical Investigation Realizing The Flow Structure And Heat Transfer Performance Of The Potential Impinging Jets, Mohammed Sami Uddin Khan
Theses
The demand for improvement in the performance of gas turbines has led to the consideration of flows at increasingly high temperatures, but this introduces challenges in terms of maintaining their structural integrity and preventing overheating. To respond to these challenges, gas turbine manufacturers have turned to internal cooling, and jet impingement provides an effective solution for cooling the leading edge of the blades of gas turbines. In this study, the author numerically simulated the cooling performance of the leading edge of the blades of a gas turbine under constant heat flux by using five configurations of jet impingement: a steady …
Investigating The Rheological Behavior Of A Simple Yield Stress Fluid Under Shear Flows, Francesco Accetta
Investigating The Rheological Behavior Of A Simple Yield Stress Fluid Under Shear Flows, Francesco Accetta
Theses
Many soft materials display unique and complex rheological behavior characterized by a transition from a solid-like to a fluid-like state upon the application of a force that exceeds the threshold to flow, known as the yield stress. Yield stress fluids are found in a wide range of commonly encountered materials including microgels, emulsions, and foams, and have been widely studied by rheologists over the last several decades. Carbopol is a popular polymeric microgel system as it displays simple, non-thixotropic rheological behavior and is typically seen as an ideal yield stress fluid. Previous research has demonstrated the reproducible behavior of shear …
Novel Investigation Of Catalytic Hydrogenation And Oxidation Of 1,3-Butadiene, Ali M. Alabedkhalil
Novel Investigation Of Catalytic Hydrogenation And Oxidation Of 1,3-Butadiene, Ali M. Alabedkhalil
Theses
The hydrogenation of 1,3 Butadiene (BD) is an important industrial process that is generally used to generate butene, which is a key feedstock to produce a variety of chemicals such as polymers, plastic, and synthetic rubber. This process involves reacting BD with hydrogen using different metallic Ni-based catalysts. In this study, Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/Nb2O5 catalysts were used and investigated to perform the hydrogenation reaction because of their commercial availability, effective hydrogenation activity, and affordability compared to Platinum Group Metal (PGM) catalysts.
The catalytic reactions were conducted using a quartz tube reactor between a temperature range …