Engineering Commons^™

External Direct Sum Invariant Subspace And Decomposition Of Coupled Differential-Difference Equations, Keqin Gu, Huan Phan-Van

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

This article discusses the invariant subspaces that are restricted to be external direct sums. Some existence conditions are presented that facilitate finding such invariant subspaces. This problem is related to the decomposition of coupled differential-difference equations, leading to the possibility of lowering the dimensions of coupled differential-difference equations. As has been well documented, lowering the dimension of coupled differential-difference equations can drastically reduce the computational time needed in stability analysis when a complete quadratic Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is used. Most known ad hoc methods of reducing the order are special cases of this formulation.

The Need For Energy Storage On Renewable Energy Generator Outputs To Lessen The Geeth Effect, I.E. Short-Term Variations Mainly Associated With Wind Turbine Active Power Output, Tony Kealy

Articles

Many studies investigating the short-term variations associated with the power output from wind turbine generators utilise simulated or modelled data in the analysis. This current study uses short-term empirical data downloaded directly from operational wind turbines via electrical power quality meters. The empirical data shows that the short-term variations (one-second or sub-one-second timeframe) occur continuously over most of the power output range. A novel name is proposed, the Geeth Effect, for this variability phenomenon. The Geeth Effect is measured using the coefficient of variation mathematical expression and is likely contributing to (i) lower-than-expected financial and environmental benefits associated with …

Representativeness Evaluation Of Delta-Flux Eddy Covariance Towers For Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Rice Fields In The Mid-South Region, Katherine Skiles

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Rice grown in 5 states across the Mid-South (AR, LA, MS, TX, and MO) account for nearly 80% of all domestic U.S. rice production. Methane emissions produced during rice farming and the large seasonal water demand to maintain flooded fields have created a need for alternative irrigation research that can reduce methane emissions and conserve water. Structures called eddy covariance towers (ECTs) can observe methane and other flux responses to changing irrigation styles, and their data is shared across flux tower networks such as Delta-Flux in the Mid-South. The Delta-Flux network is relatively new, and its data-sharing capacity is not …

An Improved Genetic Algorithm Based Fractional Open Circuit Voltage Mppt For Solar Pv Systems, Aakash Hassan, Octavian Bass, Mohammad A. S. Masoum

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

To extract the maximum power from solar PV, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers are needed to operate the PV arrays at their maximum power point under varying environmental conditions. Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV) is a simple, cost-effective, and easy to implement MPPT technique. However, it suffers from the discontinuous power supply and low tracking efficiency. To overcome these drawbacks, a new hybrid MPPT technique based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and FOCV is proposed. The proposed technique is based on a single decision variable, reducing the complexity and convergence time of the algorithm. MATLAB/Simulink is used to test …

Understanding Melt Pool Characteristics In Laser Powder Bed Fusion: An Overview Of Single- And Multi-Track Melt Pools For Process Optimization, Jincheng Wang, Rui Zhu, Yujing Liu, Laichang Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has made significant progress in producing solid and porous metal parts with complex shapes and geometries. However, LPBF produced parts often have defects (e.g., porosity, residual stress, and incomplete melting) that hinder its large-scale industrial commercialization. The LPBF process involves complex heat transfer and fluid flow, and the melt pool is a critical component of the process. The melt pool stability is a critical factor in determining the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of LPBF produced metal parts. Furthermore, optimizing process parameters for new materials and designed structures is challenging due to the complexity …

Investigating Ph And Other Electrical Properties Of Potassium Salt Solutions, Li Shu, Xi Lu, Veeriah Jegatheesan, Leonardo Jegatheesan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

A recent study of ours reported that pH of common salts varies with concentration at room temperature. It can either increase in case of basic salts or decrease in case of acidic salts. In this study, pH values of four kind of potassium salts were investigated and their pH values increased with salt concentrations. It was reasoned that the concentration of hydrogen ions equalled the concentration of positive charges/protons in a solution, so a relationship between the activity of hydrogen ions and charge activity was developed. Further, the well-established equations for pH with hydrogen-ion activity and electrostatic/cell potential were extended …

Multifunctional Organic Monolayer-Based Coatings For Implantable Biosensors And Bioelectronic Devices: Review And Perspectives, Taral Patel, Jie Huang, Katarzyna Krukiewicz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Emerging Field of Biosensors and Bioelectronics Seeks to Exploit Biology in Combination with the Recent Advances in Engineering. Even Though Biomedical Implants Can Significantly Improve Quality of Life, Problems Following the Process of Implantation Are Still an Issue. in This Review, We Point Out Organic Monolayer-Based Coatings as a Potential Solution to the Major Limitations of Implantable Biomaterials, Including Limited Biocompatibility, the Risk of Biofouling, Bacterial Colonization, and Stability under in Vivo Conditions. at First, Selected Current and Perspective Biomaterials Are Discussed, with the Focus on their Use as Implantable Biosensors and Biomedical Electrodes. Surface Modification Strategies for Implantable …

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Interfacial Tension Of The Co2-Ch4-Water And H2-Ch4-Water Systems At The Temperature Of 300 K And 323 K And Pressure Up To 70 Mpa, Quoc Truc Doan, Alireza Keshavarz, Caetano R. Miranda, Peter Behrenbruch, Stefan Iglauer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Subsurface geologic formations such as depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, deep saline aquifers and shale formations have been considered promising targets for carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage. A solid understanding of the interfacial properties of multiphase systems, including binary (pure gas-water) and ternary (gas mixtures and water), is vital to assess for reliability and storage capacity of the geological formations. However, most previous experimental and simulation studies for interfacial properties have mainly focused on binary systems at low-medium pressure. Only a few experimental and simulation studies investigated the interfacial tension at high pressure (above 20 MPa) for the CO₂-CH_{4 …}

Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, And Methane Adsorption Potential On Jordanian Organic-Rich Source Rocks: Implications For Underground H2 Storage And Retrieval, Amer Alanazi, Hussein Rasool Abid, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Ali, Alireza Keshavarz, Volker Vahrenkamp, Stefan Iglauer, Hussein Hoteit

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Hydrogen (H₂) storage in geological formations offers a potential large-scale solution suitable for an industrial-scale hydrogen economy. However, the presence of organic residuals can significantly influence the H₂ storage efficiency, as well as cushion gas performance, such as CO₂ and CH₄, injected to maintain healthy reservoir pressure. Thus, the H₂ storage efficiency and cushion gas selectivity were thoroughly investigated in this work based on H₂, CO₂, and CH₄ adsorption measurements using, for the first time, actual organic-rich carbonate-rich Jordanian source rock samples (TOC = 13 % to 18 …

Utilizing Waste Latex Paint Toward Improving The Performance Of Concrete, Mohamed Leithy, Eslam Gomaa, Ahmed A. Gheni, Mohamed Elgawady

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, incorporating the waste latex paint (WLP) into the conventional concrete as a partial replacement of sand to improve its durability was investigated. The fresh and hardened characterizations, in addition to the durability of concrete, were examined. The slump test was used to evaluate the fresh properties, while the hardened properties were evaluated through the volume of voids and absorption rate, in addition to the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths tests. The durability performance was evaluated by the surface resistivity, bulk electrical resistivity, as well as freeze and thaw resistance tests. The results showed a reduction in …

Improving Lignin Recovery From Paper Mill And Biorefinery Waste Streams Via Liquid-Phase Splitting, Carter Fitzgerald

All Dissertations

Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with significant promise due to its aromaticity. It has been targeted as a replacement for a number of petroleum-based products including adhesives, coatings, polyurethane foams, activated carbon, and carbon fibers. However, commercially available bulk lignins are too polydisperse, and contain too many residual metals from the pulping process that are detrimental to the properties of the final product.

The Sequential Liquid-lignin Recovery and Purification (SLRP) process was developed by Michael Lake and John Blackburn, in collaboration with Clemson, with the intention of creating a continuous method for recovering lignin from paper-mill black liquors. Thies and …

Combined Behavioral And Engineering Approach To Preventing Highway Fatalities, Benjamin Blandford, Reginald Souleyrette, Caitlin N. Pope, Tony Fields, Erin Lammers-Staats

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Traditional, single-discipline highway safety approaches can be augmented through multidisciplinary approaches that consider both engineering and behavioral interventions (e.g., education, enforcement, public outreach campaigns). Leveraging a systems-based conceptual framework of roadway safety, multiple forms of statistical and geospatial analysis, and SPF modeling and network screening, this report proposes and demonstrates methods for unpacking the influence of behavioral-related factors on crash occurrences and outcomes. The primary focus is on behaviors targeted in the Strategic Highway Safety Plan — aggressive driving, distracted driving, impaired driving, and driving without proper restraint (i.e., seatbelts). Based on application of these methods, the report highlights areas …

Development Of Large-Scale Pseudo-3d Shear Wave Velocity Models At The Garner Valley Downhole Array Site, Isabella Corey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In order to design structures that can withstand anticipated earthquake loads, it is first necessary to understand the behavior of the subsurface when subjected to ground motions. To achieve this, different models and approaches have been proposed in recent decades, each with the aim of estimating how site-specific stratigraphy can amplify and/or scatter seismic waves. All of these methods require, to varying extents, information about the types of soil layers, their thickness, their stiffnesses (represented by a shear wave velocity profile), and lateral variability across the site. This last characteristic is often both difficult and costly to determine. Past research …

Towards Intelligent Runtime Framework For Distributed Heterogeneous Systems, Polykarpos Thomadakis

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

Scientific applications strive for increased memory and computing performance, requiring massive amounts of data and time to produce results. Applications utilize large-scale, parallel computing platforms with advanced architectures to accommodate their needs. However, developing performance-portable applications for modern, heterogeneous platforms requires lots of effort and expertise in both the application and systems domains. This is more relevant for unstructured applications whose workflow is not statically predictable due to their heavily data-dependent nature. One possible solution for this problem is the introduction of an intelligent Domain-Specific Language (iDSL) that transparently helps to maintain correctness, hides the idiosyncrasies of lowlevel hardware, and …

Design Of Microwave Superconducting Resonators For Materials Characterization, Xinyi Zhao

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A resonator is a specialized device capable of storing and transferring energy at precise frequencies. Resonators find widespread use in various fields, such as electrical engineering, physics, and material science, owing to their exceptional ability to accurately measure, filter, and amplify signals. Different types of resonators exist, but coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coupled coplanar waveguide (CCPW) resonators are popular due to their high-frequency operation and easy integration into microfabrication processes.

Mirror Position Detection In A Catoptric Surface, Run Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The Catoptric Surface research project is a pioneering exploration of controlling daylight effects within built environments. In this thesis, we focus on the mirror position detection problem, which plays a vital role in achieving dynamic control over the direction of reflected light within a space. To address the challenge of mirror position detection, we employ computer vision techniques, specifically edge detection and the RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. Edge detection is utilized to identify significant changes in intensity or color, corresponding to object boundaries, while RANSAC is applied for ellipse fitting. By iteratively selecting minimal subsets of points and fitting …

Machine Learning-Based Seismic Damage Assessment Of Residential Buildings Considering Multiple Earthquake And Structure Uncertainties, Xinzhe Yuan, Liujun Li, Haibin Zhang, Yanping Zhu, Genda Chen, Cihan H. Dagli

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wood-frame structures are used in almost 90% of residential buildings in the United States. It is thus imperative to rapidly and accurately assess the damage of wood-frame structures in the wake of an earthquake event. This study aims to develop a machine-learning-based seismic classifier for a portfolio of 6,113 wood-frame structures near the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) in which synthesized ground motions are adopted to characterize potential earthquakes. This seismic classifier, based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP), is compared with existing fragility curves developed for the same wood-frame buildings near the NMSZ. This comparative study indicates that the MLP …

Spectral Broadening Effects On Pulsed-Source Digital Holography, Steven A. Owens, Mark F. Spencer, Glen P. Perram

Faculty Publications

Using a pulsed configuration, a digital-holographic system is setup in the off-axis image plane recording geometry, and spectral broadening via pseudo-random bit sequence is used to degrade the temporal coherence of the master-oscillator laser. The associated effects on the signal-to-noise ratio are then measured in terms of the ambiguity and coherence efficiencies. It is found that the ambiguity efficiency, which is a function of signal-reference pulse overlap, is not affected by the effects of spectral broadening. The coherence efficiency, on the other hand, is affected. As a result, the coherence efficiency, which is a function of effective fringe visibility, is …

Exploring Versatile Glycosyltransferases From Microorganisms For Natural Product Biosynthesis, Jie Ren

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is mainly focused on exploring versatile glycosyltransferases from different microorganisms with the purpose of biosynthesizing bioactive natural product glycosides through microbial fermentation. This engineered biosynthesis approach is environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient compared with plant extraction, chemical synthesis, and enzymatic synthesis. Additionally, we applied these characterized glycosyltransferases as efficient biocatalytic tools to produce novel glycosides to expand the chemical repertoire of nature. These novel compounds showed improved water solubility and some of them exhibited enhanced stability and biological activity, which laid the foundation for the development of new therapeutic agents.

In my dissertation research, I have discovered two …

Dynamics And Steering Of A Vibration-Driven Bristle Bot In A Pipe System, Ian Stewart

All Theses

Soft vibrational robots are robots that incorporate compliant structures into their design and are driven by oscillating actuators. A recent, popular version of a soft vibrational robot is the bristle bot, which uses flexible bristles and a vibration motor to propel itself across surfaces and through pipes. This motion is primarily driven by stick-slip dynamics resulting from asymmetric frictional forces applied at the bristle tips. Depending on the frequency of vibration of the motor, the robot experiences various resonance regions allowing it to maneuver in different directions. Attaching bristles to all sides of the robot and placing it in a …