Engineering Commons^™

Rockin’ Rover On The Rainbow Road, Michael Kolta, Lawrence Burgee, Ying Yuan

Transformations

This paper presents a progressive series of age-appropriate lesson plans for grades K-12 that all use the same interdisciplinary activity to educate students about Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) simultaneously. Technology from Texas Instruments (TI) was employed including a TI Nspire graphing calculator that can run Python programs, a TI Innovator Hub, and a TI Rover. The TI Rover is a small, robotic car that has sensors and is controlled by the calculator via the Hub hardware interface. A Python program was developed that uses the color sensor in the Rover to detect the color on colored paper …

Evaluating Data Management Practices And Ontology Development For Transportation Safety Assets, Brig Dean Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Data has begun to permeate transportation agencies, with every process, asset, and event generating a great volume of data. This data helps engineers and decision makers determine maintenance schedules, devise infrastructure investment strategies, improve safety, and plan for future needs. Due to the size of transportation agencies and the diversity of the data they collect, their data is often stored in different systems, managed by different groups, and described using inconsistent terminology. These challenges make it difficult to locate information, combine data from multiple sources, and confidently use data to support important decisions.

This research examined how transportation safety asset …

Modeling Of Air-Water Filled Rubber Dam Under Hydrostatic Conditions, Qusay Khaleel, Thair Khayyun, Khudhayer Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Inflatable dams, also called rubber dams, are flexible cylindrical inflatable and deflatable structures attached to a rigid base; these dams are basically cylindrical tubes made of rubberized material and inflated by air, water, or a combination of the two. In this paper, the air/water inflatable dam was studied and analyzed numerically using ANSYS software. The 3-parameter Mooney-Rivlin Model was used to model the rubber material of the dam. At first, a physical model from literature was used to calibrate the results of the ANSYS software, and then a new model was analyzed with different dimensions and conditions. Thirty-six simulations were …

Size Effect On The Shear Strength Of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Hind Jaber, Kaiss Sarsam, Bassman Muhammad

Engineering and Technology Journal

According to research, as the depth of a beam increases, the section's shear strength can be expected to decrease. The size effect is a phrase that has been used to describe this tendency. Testing of unreinforced specimens under shear has also shown that the shear strength might be lower than what is typically anticipated in the design. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the behavior of these structures, as they may be influenced by a size impact. Sixteen reinforced concrete beams of different rectangular cross-sections without stirrups were tested. The tested beams were simply supported made of high-strength …

Computation Of Climatic Water Balance Of Al-Sulaymania Meteorological Station For The Period 1980-2016, Kurdistan Region, Northeast Of Iraq, Muayad Ismail, Faaeza Abd-Ulkareem, Tariq Abed Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

AL-Sulaymania city is located in the northeast of Iraq at an altitude of 845 m from the sea levelbetween longitudes (44 30 00 – 46 20 00) east and latitudes (34 33 00- 36 30 00) north. It covers an area of approximately 20000 km2. The study area includes several geological formations (from the oldest to the earliest), Balambo Formation (Early Cretaceous), Qumchuqa, Kometan, Shiranish, Tanjero, Kolosh, Sinjar Formation and Quaternary deposits. The climatic data recorded by AL-Sulaymania meteorological station for the period (1980-2016) shows that the total falling rain was (423.86) mm, the temperature was (13.88 ° C), relative …

Effect Of Recycled Aggregate On Behavior Of Tied And Spiral Reinforced Fibrous Circular Short Columns, Eyad Sayhood, Mohammed Al-Hamdani, Jabbar Sahan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study focuses on studying the behavior of fibrous circular short columns (tied and spirally reinforced) using recycled coarse aggregate (f'c, ft, Ec, and fr) by using recycled aggregates with comparison to normal aggregates with and without using steel fibers. For this purpose, ten (10) short columns were cast at five groups each of two circular columns(tied and spiral of 150 mm radius x 600mm height) with different percentages of recycled coarse aggregate (0%, 50%, and 100%) and different percentages of steel fiber (0%, 0.5% and 1%). The study showed that when adding the 50% normal aggregates with 50% recycled …

Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Wastewater By Carbon Nanotubes (Cnts), Waleed Frayyeh, Zainab Mohammed, Abdulkhaleq Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work is an attempt to remove cadmium (II) from wastewater by adsorption on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and functional group of carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) by using the batch process system and continuous reactor. In the batch reactor, the main variables that govern process efficiency such as the initial Cd (II) concentration, MWCNTs dose, contact time, stirring speed, and pH were studied. The experiments revealed that the amount of cadmium absorption (II) was higher on the increasing fMWCNTs dose and stirring speed. In addition, it decreased significantly with a decrease in the initial concentration of cadmium. The optimum values for …

A Review Of Composite Steel Plate Girders With Corrugated Webs, Ghazwan Ghanim, Wael Baldawi, Ammar Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

A corrugated steel plate girder is a vastly used structural element in numerous fields of application due to its many favorable characteristics. A corrugated web girder, the bending moments, and application forces are only transferred by means of flanges, that the maximum moment carrying capacity is more than any other hot-rolled sections used, while transverse shear forces are only transmitted through a corrugated steel web, webs at a greater depth to a thickness ratio are usually used resulting in slender sections that are susceptible to buckling on the Flat web. The use of corrugated web girders has been increasing in …

Comparison Between Theoretical And Experimental Behavior Of Shallow Foundation In Cohesive Soil, Baraa Al-Dawoodi, Mohaned Waheed, Falah Rahil

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper discusses a finite element analysis of shallow footing subjected to axial loading rested on different types of cohesive soil by using a computer program called PLAXIS-3D (V.20) software. The behavior of cohesive soil is simulated using several constitutive models (Mohr-Coulomb model, Hardening soil model, and Hardening soil with small strain stiffness model in order to find the best match between theoretical and experimental results).Two cases are considered square and rectangle. Moreover, some parameters that affect the load settlement relation curve; such as internal friction angle and soil modulus elasticity were investigated. It was found that the simulation by …

Assessing The Effect Of Lack Of Sleep On Driver's Performance: A Simulator Study, Ali Muneer, Ahmed Abduljabbar, Ali Al-Dahwi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Science evidence suggests that fatigue due to lack of sleep is a major cause of most traffic accidents. Fatigue can arise when people do not get enough sleep, which is at least 7 hours, and this deprivation can impair body performance physically and mentally while driving. This study investigated the effect of sleep deprivation fatigue on driving performance. Experiments were performed for two types of tasks, Fatigue driving tasks (sleep deprivation) and non-Fatigue driving tasks (without sleep deprivation) on a driving simulator at the University of Technology, in which 42 participants; aged (19-55) took part with an average age (mean …

Assessment Of Electricity Sector Using Geomatics Techniques: (Ramadi City As A Case Study), Hisham Al-Sharaa

Engineering and Technology Journal

Geomatics involves the collection, management, integration, representation, analysis, modeling and display of geographically referenced information describing both the Earth’s physical features and the built environment. One of the main use of this tool is to estimate electrical energy demand throughout Al Anbar Governorate, which have major problems in this sector with about 750 to 770 MW. The consumption of the city of Al Ramadi is about 200 MW. According to official forecasts by the Directorate of Electricity Networks of Al Anbar, this demand is expected to increase to about 900 MW during the summer of 2020. The present distribution systems …

A Review About Preparation And Properties Of Biochar And Application Fields In The Environment, Marwa Al Rawi, Ghayda Al Kindi, Jwad Al Refaae

Engineering and Technology Journal

Biomass’ pyrolysis process is responsible for producing the biochar charcoal, this process does not incorporate the oxygen, and it is utilized as a soil enhancer for each one of the carbon sequestration, and soil health prospects. Biochar can be defined as a stabilized solid which is enriched with carbon and could remain in the soil for extended period of time. Biochar has been studied as a way of carbon sequestration, and it might be a way used for handling climate change and global warming. It happens due to the processes that are associated with pyrogenic carbon capturing and storages. This …

Water Flow Simulation Of Tigris River Between Samara And Baghdad Based On Hec-Ras Model, Imzahim Alwan, Zahraa Majeed, Ali Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work aims to use the digital elevation model (DEM) or 3-Dimensional surface to model and analyze the water flow in the Tigris River. The first stage of this study is based on filed data acquisition survey at 38 stations.  These stations were adopted to implement the one-dimensional steady and unsteady numerical flow models. The HEC-RAS software was used to implement these models. The most important results of the steady-state model were that the maximum discharge and velocity and minimum flow area were 638.17 m3/sec, 2.12 m/sec and 301.42 m2 respectively. These values occurred at station 66+700. While, the minimum …

Effect Of Steel Fiber Content On Properties Of Fresh Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete, Zaid Mohammed, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr

Engineering and Technology Journal

Self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGPC) is a cutting-edge sustainable engineering material in construction that eliminates the need for both compaction and Portland cement. In this study, the impact of various steel fiber content on the workability of SCGPC was investigated. The basic workability features of freshly made SCGPC, such as filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance, were assessed by employing slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, and J-ring test techniques. Obtained results showed that all the investigated characteristics of SCGPC have retreated due to the inclusion of steel fibers. Findings presented in this research confirmed that the basic requirements of EFNARC could …

Optimum Steel Fiber Content Of High Strength Pozzolime Concrete, Sabreen Hamza, Ahmed Al-Zuheriy, Sabreen Hamza

Engineering and Technology Journal

Pozzolime is a promising alternative binder, compared to Portland cement because of its low CO2 emission. it is produced by mixing hydrated lime, silica fume, and fly ash. Fiber is added to concrete to improve the durability, mechanical properties of the structure, and others. In this study, high-strength Pozzolime concrete was reinforced with hooked-end steel fiber which was added as fractions of volume of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%. Optimization for fiber content was performed according to the workability and strength of the fiber-reinforced mixture. Obtained results showed that the compressive strengths at 14d and 90d increased by 71.4% and …

Assessing The Effect Of Eating As A Distraction Factor While Driving On Drivers' Performance, Zinah Saihood, Ahmed Abdul Jabbar, Rasha Al-Rubaee

Engineering and Technology Journal

The increase in the number of traffic accidents, deaths, and injuries is a major concern for traffic and safety professionals. Distraction from the road is common, but increases safety concerns. Drivers engage in many behaviors that are a distraction from the task of driving, and these sources may be inside or outside the vehicle. The driver may not have a clear idea of the negative impact of such activities on achieving safe driving. The paper focused on one type of distraction that occurs inside the car, the factor of eating while driving in order to address the question of whether …

Mitigation Of The Factors Affecting The Autogenous Shrinkage Of Ultra-High Performance Concrete, Adil Jabbar, Mohammed Hamood, Dhiyaa Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a new generation of concrete characterized by its high strength, high durability, and high stiffness. Autogenously shrinkage represents one of the issues of UHPC that occurred at early ages. It occurs particularly during the first 48 hours after casting. This paper focuses on the ways that can be depended on to mitigate the autogenously shrinkage and obtain the outstanding mechanical properties of UHPC. The results showed that the use of coarse sand and high dose of high range water reduced the admixture above 5% of cementations of materials weight, and high ambient temperature at the …

The Evaluation Of Rental Amount Of Religious Endowments By Using Geomatic Techniques And Machine Learning Algorithms Hilla/ Iraq, Oday, Jasim, Mohammed Mejbel, Ali Hashim

Engineering and Technology Journal

The religious endowments are one of the important sources, which acquire historical, cultural, and economic importance in all countries of the world. In particular, a religious endowment in Iraq includes several distributed real estates and lands that usually require efficient management systems. One of the most important factors affecting the management of real estates that belong to religious endowments is the rental amount of each real estate. In general, the estimation of the rental of real estates can support the future development of religious endowments. Governmental agencies are faced with some challenges in the management of religious endowments in terms …

Preparing Worldview2 Imagery For Map Updating Projects – Aldjyl/ Aleibayiji (Iraq/ North Baghdad) As A Case Study, Oday Jasim, Mohammed Salih, Ahmed Luaibi

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the presented study, a WorldView2 WV2 satellite image has been prepared to be used in map updating projects. The performed operations can be classified into two categories, the first category includes pansharpening methods for creating a new 8- spectral bands of WV2 Imagery, each one of them has a 0.5-meter spatial resolution. The Pansharpening technique has been implemented with four different approaches, i.e. (Principal Components PC, Wavelet Transform WT, Hyperspherical Color Space HCS, and High Pass Filtering HPF). For these four methods and based on a visual comparison among the quality of the resulting images (with respect to the …

Effect Of Inclination Of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Short Columns On The Confinement, Eyad Sayhood, Bassman Muhammed, Ahmed Hatem

Engineering and Technology Journal

The main objective of this paper is to study the confinement of the rectangular reinforced concrete short inclined columns. This paper was based on theoretical analysis using the MATLAB program according to Universal Codes, and variables that were carefully selected to be the most influential factor. The angle of the inclination (α) was taken as a major variable in the paper, in addition other variables which in turn affect directly on the behavior of inclined columns such as the percentage of reinforcing steel in the concrete section of the column (ρ), the compressive strength of the concrete (fʹc), yield strength …

Effect Of Adding Polypropylene Fibers In Met Kaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete, Qais Frieh, Mushtaq Kamil

Engineering and Technology Journal

Geopolymer is a binder material that was created as a result of efforts to decrease Portland cement's negative environmental effects.  Geopolymer concrete shares certain properties with ordinary concrete, including brittleness. Like ordinary concrete, geopolymer concrete, when exposed to stresses, cracks and fails under these stresses. The purpose of adding fibers to geopolymer concrete is to overcome the matrix's brittleness and enhance its strength (particularly flexural strength). This study used metakaolin, a range of alkaline activators, and different quantities of polypropylene fibers to produce geopolymer concrete. Metakaolin's chemical composition, workability, density, flexural and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete were all examined …

The Effect Of Mobile Phone Use While Driving On Response Time: Driving Simulator Study, Hussein Mutar, Ahmed Abduljabbar, Ammar Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Mobile phone use is one of the most common daily tasks and this is normal, however, this task could be problematic while driving. The use of mobile phones while driving has become a major cause of road accidents and poses a threat to public health. This study investigated the effect of mobile phone usage while driving on response time, as it investigated four mobile phone tasks (hands-free calling, hand calls, reading text messages, and sending text messages) in addition to basic driving. A total of 42 participants, ranging in age from (19 to 55), with a mean age (mean = …

Effect Of Starch Powder On Behavior Of Silica Fume Biopolymer Concrete, Samir Atia, Waleed Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The great economic development and the growth of modern means of construction have led to the spread of large quantities of chemical admixtures that we must be cautious of. As the world is turning towards environmentally friendly alternatives, finding locally viable solutions is becoming inevitable. The influence of using Nano starches of a biopolymer on certain properties of silica fume concrete in the fresh case (slump and fresh density) and in the hardened case (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength) has been investigated. It has been added to silica fume concrete in various percentages of (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, …

The Role Of Granular Cushion In Load Sharing Of Unconnected Piled Rafts In Clayey Soils, Karam Khalifa, Mohammed Fattah, Nahla Salim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Over the past few decades,  interest has grown about the role of the piled raft structure in soils. A structural fill cushion separates the piles from the raft in the form of an unconnected piled raft base (UCPRF). Given the advantage of this structure, the load is dispersed between the raft and the piles by the cushion. The cushion serves as a load redistributor between the raft and the piles. Load dispersion capability of the system was theoretically estimated using PLAXIS finite element analysis software in this study. The effect of cushion thickness on settlement reductions was investigated as well. …

Mechanical Properties Prediction Of Normal And High Strength Geopolymer Concrete, Sameh Tobeia, Nada Assi, Narjis Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The production process of cement is the main binder material in concrete usually accompanied by carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, geopolymer concrete (GPC) an alternative binder material was developed as a replacement for cement. In order to make this promising material more common in constructions and applicable for different design purposes further investigations for GPC mechanical properties were needed. This work aims to predicate the splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength for normal and high strength GPC by deriving new equations covering a wide range of compressive strength based on data available from previous work. Equations behavior along …

Effect Of Adding Additional Carbon Fiber On Piezoresistive Properties Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pavements Under Impact Load, Ayad Mohammed, Ali Al-Dahawi, Qais S. Banyhussan Banyhussan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Multifunctional Cementitious Composite (MCC) characteristics are directly related to the type and dosage of the Electrically Conductive Materials (ECMs) reinforcing the relevant concrete matrices. This study investigated the electro-mechanical capacities of fiber reinforced concrete pavement (FRCP) with and without the addition of micro scale-carbon fiber (CF). The impact energy of FRCP under compacted load was evaluated initially; then, the effects of 0.5% and 1% content by volume of CF on the piezoresistivity capacities of FRCP were investigated under applied impact load. This type of load is the most common force causing long-term rigid pavement deterioration. Obtained results showed that the …

Dynamic Behavior Of Pavement Layers On Sand Subgrade, Mariam Hussein, Mohammed Fattah, Miami Hilal

Engineering and Technology Journal

Reinforcement interlayer reduces the development of cracks in the asphalt overlay by absorbing the stresses induced by heavy traffic or underlying cracking in the early-constructed pavement. This research is dedicated to studying the behavior of pavement layers on a sand subgrade under simulated effect of earthquake. In this study, the sand layer has a thickness of 600 mm and the base course is taken as 300 mm. The asphalt layer was prepared as a panel with dimensions of 300 × 300 × 50, which represents the surface layer. These layers are experimentally tested under the influence of earthquake loading with …

Consistency Characteristics Of Dispersive Clays, Roaa Ismael, Mohammed Fattah, Mohammad Aswad

Engineering and Technology Journal

Dispersive soils are characterized by three features: (1) unstable structure, (2) they are readily flocculate in water, and (3) very erodible. The use of dispersed clay soils in hydraulic structures, dams and road dams can cause serious engineering problems when this soil is not identified and used befittingly. There is a simple way to determine soil dispersion and more difficult to measure dispersion.  (Atterberg’slimits) (grain size analysis), and (visible classification) are not enough to recognize between (normal clays) and (dispersive clays).ASTM tests can identify dispersive clay, these include: (double hydrometer test), (chemical tests), (Crumb test), and (Pinhole test). In this …

Effect Of Dynamic Earth Vibration On The Behavior Of Laterally Loaded Single Pile Embedded Within Unsaturated Soil, Maha Abood, Mahmood Mahmood, Nahla Salim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Most of the studies of laterally loaded piles focused on the behavior for piles subjected to static or cyclic lateral loading embedded within dry or saturated soils, few studies investigate the behavior of piles embedded within partially saturated soils and subjected to dynamic loads. In this research, an experimental study presents an aluminum pile model embedded within dry, fully saturated and partially saturated soils, subjected to dynamic load with the El Centro 1940 NS acceleration data (0.05g, 0.15g, and 0.32g) accelerations. Three different lowering levels of the water table for fully saturated soils model is achieved to get partially saturated …

Effect Of The Slenderness Ratio Of Piles On Ultimate Lateral Resistance In Sandy Soil, Iman Ali, Saad Abbas, Karim Ibrahim

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research presents the results of 14 tests, where the pile is subjected to static lateral loads. The tests are carried out on pile models with different length / diameter ratios embedded in sand with different relative densities. The influence of embedment length to diameter ratios (L/D), relative density and mode of failure of the pile on the ultimate lateral resistance of piles are investigated. A series of different ratios of embedded length to constant diameter ranging from 12 to 30 was used to perform this study. From the results of the experimental models, it is found that, the length …