Engineering Commons^™

Band Gap Engineering Of Titania Systems Purposed For Photocatalytic Activity, Cameron Robert Thurston

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ab initio computer aided design drastically increases candidate population for highly specified material discovery and selection. These simulations, carried out through a first-principles computational approach, accurately extrapolate material properties and behavior. Titanium dioxide (tio2) is one such material that stands to gain a great deal from the use of these simulations. In its anatase form, titania (tio2) has been found to exhibit a band gap nearing 3.2 ev. If titania is to become a viable alternative to other contemporary photoactive materials exhibiting band gaps better suited for the solar spectrum, then the band gap must be subsequently reduced. To lower …

Surface Ozone And Its Precursors At Summit, Greenland: Comparison Between Observations And Model Simulations, Yaoxian Huang, Shiliang Wu, Louisa J. Kramer, Detlev Helmig, Richard E. Honrath

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Recent studies have shown significant challenges for atmospheric models to simulate tropospheric ozone (O3/and its precursors in the Arctic. In this study, ground-based data were combined with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the abundance and seasonal variations of O3 and its precursors at Summit, Greenland (72.34° N, 38.29° W; 3212 ma.s.l.). Model simulations for atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx/, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ethane (C2H6/, propane (C3H8/, carbon monoxide (CO), and O3 for the period July 2008-June 2010 were compared with observations. The model performed well in simulating certain species (such as CO and C3H8/, but some significant …

Human-Machine Interface Development For Modifying Driver Lane Change Behavior In Manual, Automated, And Shared Control Automated Driving, Walter Joseph Talamonti

Wayne State University Dissertations

Rear-end crashes are common on U.S. roads. Driver assistance and automated driving technologies can reduce rear-end crashes (among other crash types as well). Braking is assumed for forward collision warning (FCW) and automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems. Braking is also used for adaptive cruise control (ACC) and in automated driving systems more generally. However, steering may be advised in an emergency if the adjacent lane is clear and braking is unlikely to avoid a collision. Steering around an obstacle when feasible also eliminates the risk of becoming the new forward collision hazard. Driver assist technology like emergency steer assist (ESA) …

Video Stream Adaptation In Computer Vision Systems, Yousef Sharrab Sharrab

Wayne State University Dissertations

Computer Vision (CV) has been deployed recently in a wide range of applications, including surveillance and automotive industries. According to a recent report, the market for CV technologies will grow to $33.3 billion by 2019. Surveillance and automotive industries share over 20% of this market. This dissertation considers the design of real-time CV systems with live video streaming, especially those over wireless and mobile networks. Such systems include video cameras/sensors and monitoring stations. The cameras should adapt their captured videos based on the events and/or available resources and time requirement. The monitoring station receives video streams from all cameras and …

Mri Methods For Imaging The Feto-Placental Vasculature And Blood, Uday Krishnamurthy

Wayne State University Dissertations

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in recent times has become a well-established adjunct to ultrasound (US) in routine clinical prenatal care and diagnostics. The majority of fetal MRI is restricted to T2-weighted scans, where the diagnosis is based on the appearance of normal and abnormal tissue. Although there have been many advancements in MRI and a plethora of sequences, that probe different anatomical and different physiological process, the adaptation of these in fetal imaging has been rather slow. Many of these can extract quantitative parameters that can throw light on the underlying tissue’s normal/patho-physiology. But the use of such quantitative …

An Effective Methodology For Suppressing Structure-Borne Sound Radiation, Lingguang Chen

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

AN EFFECTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR SUPPRESSING

STRUCTURE-BORNE SOUND RADIATION

by

LINGGUANG CHEN

December 2017

Advisor: Dr. Sean F. Wu

Major: Mechanical Engineering

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

This dissertation is primarily concerned with the development of an effective methodology for reducing structure-borne sound radiation from an arbitrarily shaped vibrating structure. There are three major aspects that separate the present methodology from all the previous ones. Firstly, it is a non-contact and non-invasive approach, which is applicable to a class of vibrating structures encountered in engineering applications. Secondly, the input data consists of a combined normal surface velocity distribution on a portion …

An Enhanced Nerve Conduit Combined With Exercise To Improve Functional Recovery After Peripheral Nerve Injury, Tonya Jo Whitehead

Wayne State University Dissertations

Peripheral nerve injuries affect millions of people each year around the world. Current treatments include an autograft, the gold standard, and commercially available nerve growth conduits (NGC). Autografts have several drawbacks including donor site morbidity and nerve size mismatch, which leads to incomplete recovery. Commercial NGCs can help with recovery but do not contain any specific cues to guide nerve regeneration. This thesis first evaluated mechanical, topographical and chemical cues that can be included in a NGC to promote and direct nerve regeneration. To incorporate all of the cues, a compliant substrate methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA, mechanical cue) is electrospun …

Biomaterials Approaches For Utilizing The Regenerative Potential Of The Peripheral Nerve Injury Microenvironment, Melissa Renee Wrobel

Wayne State University Dissertations

Clinically available treatments are insufficient to achieve full functional recovery in large (>3cm) peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). The objectives in this thesis were 1) to study often overlooked elements of intrinsic PNI repair including release of inhibitory CSPGs and post-injury responses of inflammatory macrophages and dedifferentiated Schwann cells; 2) to create biomaterial scaf-folds featuring topographical and adhesive cues to enhance neurite outgrowth; and 3) to test the ability of those cues to direct macrophages and Schwann cells towards a pro-regenerative phe-notype. It is hypothesized that recapitulating the positive and negative cues of the PNI microenvi-ronment can better improve regeneration. …

Utility Of Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Imaging For Accurate Catheter Tracking And Temperature Monitoring During Endovenous Laser Ablation, Ayushi Jharia, Keerthana Palani, Yan Yan

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2016-17

Laser ablation is a treatment method that uses light energy through a catheter inserted into a vein to induce localized heat to close the diseased blood vessels. Ultrasound (US) imaging has been used for catheter visualization and tracking. US has limitations for tracking the accurate location of the fiber tip inside small perforating veins such as angular dependency and comet tail artifacts. We propose a robust and accurate method for fiber tip tracking using combined US and Photoacoustic (PA) imaging to overcome the existing limitations.

Integrative Pathway Analysis Pipeline For Mirna And Mrna Data, Diana Mabel Diaz Herrera

Wayne State University Theses

The identification of pathways that are involved in a particular phenotype helps us understand the underlying biological processes. Traditional pathway analysis techniques aim to infer the impact on individual pathways using only mRNA levels. However, recent studies showed that gene expression alone is unable to capture the whole picture of biological phenomena. At the same time, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are newly discovered gene regulators that have shown to play an important role in diagnosis, and prognosis for different types of diseases. Current pathway analysis techniques do not take miRNAs into consideration. In this project, we investigate the effect of integrating miRNA …

Turbulent Spray Combustion Modeling Using Direct Integration Of Chemistry And Flamelet Generated Manifolds, Ashraya Goyal

Wayne State University Theses

Turbulent spray combustion of n-dodecane was modeled at engine relevant conditions using various combustion models (Direct Integration of Chemistry and Flamelet Generated Manifolds) and turbulence models (Dynamic Structure Large Eddy Simulation and RNG Reynolds-Averaged Naiver-Stokes). A recently developed n-dodecane mechanism was utilized and the turbulent spray was simulated at various combustion chamber initial gas temperature and pressure conditions. Mesh with size of 31 microns was utilized to resolve small eddies around the spray. The pressure-based ignition delay, flame lift-off length, and spray and jet penetrations were studied and compared with experimental measurements. The Direct Integration of Chemistry and Flamelet Generated …

Analysis Of Cross-Layer Optimization Of Facial Recognition In Automated Video Surveillance, Loren Garavaglia

Wayne State University Theses

Interest in automated video surveillance systems has grown dramatically and with that so too has research on the topic. Recent approaches have begun addressing the issues of scalability and cost. One method aimed to utilize cross-layer information for adjusting bandwidth allocated to each video source. Work on this topic focused on using distortion and accuracy for face detection as an adjustment metric, utilizing older, less efficient codecs. The framework was shown to increase accuracy in face detection by interpreting dynamic network conditions in order to manage application rates and transmission opportunities for video sources with the added benefit of reducing …

A New Centering Table For Encapsulated Glass Positioning, Chongyang Li

Wayne State University Theses

With the progress of the society, people`s living standard is increasing. More and more cars (more than 72 million) are produced and utilized all over the world. This makes a large number of quarter windows which located on the back-side window of a vehicle are urgently needed. Encapsulated glass is widely adopted for a quarter window for various advantages. Positioning by centering table is one of the most important procedures during the fabrication of encapsulated glass for the quarter window. The existing centering table has a lot of disadvantages such as poor flexibility and precision, which results in failure in …

Monte-Carlo-Simulation-Based, Product-Quality-Focused Analysis Of Nanocoating Curing And Post Curing Process, Jianming Zhao

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION BASED

PRODUCT QUALITY ANALYSIS OF

POLYMER COATING CURING AND POST CURING

By

Jianming Zhao

May 2017

Advisor：Dr. Yinlun Huang

Major: Chemical Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

To achieve better property of polymer coatings, different categories of nanoparticles are applied before coating’s curing process. However, one of the adverse effects is the change of final property, which leads the difficulty of product quality control. Using mathematical modeling method can actually improve the cost and time to get a prediction of product quality. Still now, different series of models are developed for various purposes. For example, Monte-Carlo simulation …

Dynamic Rabi Oscillations In A Quantum Dot Embedded In A Nanobridge In The Presence Of Surface Acoustic Waves, Lev Mourokh, Achim Wixforth, Florian Beil, Max Bichler, Werner Wegscheider, Robert H. Blick

Publications and Research

A quantum dot is created within a suspended nanobridge containing a two-dimensional electron gas. The electron current through this dot exhibits well-pronounced Coulomb blockade oscillations. When surface acoustic waves (SAW) are driven through the nanobridge, Coulomb blockade peaks are shifted. To explain this feature, we derive the expressions for the quantum dot level populations and electron currents through these levels and show that SAW-induced Rabi oscillations lead to the observed phenomenology.

A Comparative Analysis Of Furniture Dowel Joint Strength Among Various Dowel Styles, Taylor C. Fatheree

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study examines the effectiveness of various dowels used in furniture joints. Using multiple linear regression, it examines the interaction between dowel penetration depth and surface treatment. Two commercially available surface treatments, fluted cut and spiral cut, were tested against a smooth home-made dowel. Through the bending tests, it was found that depth of penetration had a positive effect on the joint strength. Additionally, home-made dowels were significantly better than both fluted and spiral in softwood tests, and the home-made and the spiral were significantly better than the fluted in the hardwood tests.

Increasing Efficiency In The Construction Industry And Construction Management Classrooms Using Computer Software, Tina T. Bien

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this research is to identify the best computer software programs that are the most effective within the construction industry. Companies are gradually shifting from manual practices to various software and technologies to optimize business and communication efficiency. With the plethora of software available, the industry does not fully understand which software are the most effective for addressing the challenges of the industry. As the industry is struggling with integrating these software into their company structure, more money is being spent to tackle the challenges that face the construction industry today. Companies that do not integrate construction technology …

Characterizing Effects Of Nitric Oxide Sterilization On Tert-Butyl Acrylate Shape Memory Polymers, Ben Phillippi

Theses - ALL

As research into the potential uses of shape memory polymers (SMPs) as implantable medical devices continues to grow and expand, so does the need for an accurate and reliable sterilization mechanism. The ability of an SMP to precisely undergo a programmed shape change will define its ability to accomplish a therapeutic task. To ensure proper execution of the in vivo shape change, the sterilization process must not negatively affect the shape memory behavior of the material. To address this need, this thesis investigates the effectiveness of a benchtop nitric oxide (NOx) sterilization process and the extent to which the process …

Thermal Analysis Of 3d Printed 420 Stainless Steel, Adithya Pothuri

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Additive manufacturing opens new possibilities in the manufacturing industry. 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing. 3D printers will have a significant influence over the industrial market, with extremely positive effects in no time. The main aim of this research is to determine the effect of process parameters of Binder Jet manufactured 420 Stainless Steel (420SS) parts on thermal properties such as thermal conductivity. Different parameters, such as layer thickness, sintering time and sintering temperature were varied. A full factorial design of experiment matrix was made by varying these parameters using two levels. Testing showed that different parameters affected …

Smartphone Based Optical Spectrometer For Diffusive Reflectance Spectroscopic Measurement Of Hemoglobin, Perry Edwards, Chenji Zhang, Baigang Zhang, Xiangqian Hong, Vivek K. Nagarajan, Bing Yu, Zhiwen Liu

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We report a miniature, visible to near infrared G-Fresnel spectrometer that contains a complete spectrograph system, including the detection hardware and connects with a smartphone through a microUSB port for operational control. The smartphone spectrometer is able to achieve a resolution of ~5 nm in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm. We further developed a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system using the smartphone spectrometer and demonstrated the capability of hemoglobin measurement. Proof of concept studies of tissue phantoms yielded a mean error of 9.2% on hemoglobin concentration measurement, comparable to that obtained with a commercial benchtop spectrometer. The …

Lung Injury Pathways: Adenosine Receptor 2b Signaling Limits Development Of Ischemic Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia, John C. Densmore, Terry R. Schaid, Paul M. Jeziorczak, Meetha Medhora, Said H. Audi, Shraddha Nayak, John Auchampach, Melinda R. Dwinell, Aron M. Geurts, Elizabeth R. Jacobs

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose/Aim of the Study: Adenosine signaling was studied in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) resulting from unilateral lung ischemia. Materials and Methods: Ischemia was achieved by either left main pulmonary artery or complete hilar ligation. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, Dahl salt sensitive (SS) rats and SS mutant rat strains containing a mutation in the A_2B adenosine receptor gene (Adora2b) were studied. Adenosine concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by HPLC. A_2A (A_2AAR) and A_2B adenosine receptor (A_2BAR) mRNA and protein were quantified. Results: Twenty-four hours after unilateral PA …

Structurofunctional Resting-State Networks Correlate With Motor Function In Chronic Stroke, Benjamin Kalinosky, Reivian B. Barillas, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

Motor function and recovery after stroke likely rely directly on the residual anatomical connections in the brain and its resting-state functional connectivity. Both structural and functional properties of cortical networks after stroke are revealed using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Specifically, functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) can extract functional networks of the brain at rest, while structural connectivity can be estimated from white matter fiber orientations measured with high angular-resolutiondiffusion imaging (HARDI). A model that marries these two techniques may be the key to understanding functional recovery after stroke. In this study, a novel set of voxel-level measures …

Minimization Of Quantum Circuits Using Quantum Operator Forms, Martin Lukac, Michitaka Kameyama, Marek Perkowski, Pawel Kerntopf

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper we present a method for minimizing reversible quantum circuits using the Quantum Operator Form (QOF); a new representation of quantum circuit and of quantum-realized reversible circuits based on the CNOT, CV and CV† quantum gates. The proposed form is a quantum extension to the well known Reed-Muller but unlike the Reed-Muller form, the QOF allows the usage of different quantum gates. Therefore QOF permits minimization of quantum circuits by using properties of different gates than only the multi-control Toffoli gates. We introduce a set of minimization rules and a pseudo-algorithm that can be used to design circuits …

Marine Mammal Tracks From Two-Hydrophone Acoustic Recordings Made With A Glider, Elizabeth T. Küsel, Tessa Munoz, Martin Siderius, David K. Mellinger, Sara L. Heimlich

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A multinational oceanographic and acoustic sea experiment was carried out in the summer of 2014 off the western coast of the island of Sardinia, Mediterranean Sea. During this experiment, an underwater glider fitted with two hydrophones was evaluated as a potential tool for marine mammal population density estimation studies. An acoustic recording system was also tested, comprising an inexpensive, off-the-shelf digital recorder installed inside the glider. Detection and classification of sounds produced by whales and dolphins, and sometimes tracking and localization, are inherent components of population density estimation from passive acoustics recordings. In this work we discuss the equipment used …

Issues In Trip Generation Methods For Transportation Impact Estimation Of Land Use Development: A Review And Discussion Of The State-Of-The-Art Approaches, Kristina Marie Currans

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

As agencies develop more robust planning objectives for creating sustainable and livable communities, the research community has continued developing supportive tools and methods to provide more accurate and robust means for estimating transportation impacts for site-level development review. This paper is a review of the state-of-the-art trip generation methods for land use transportation impact estimation. First, it provides an overview of the more recent available and peer-reviewed estimation methods. Second, the authors offer a discussion of the successes of state-of-the-art approaches using common themes of research to identify corresponding consistency with theories of travel behavior and urban economics. These themes …

Accessibility, Income, And Person Trip Generation: Multilevel Model Of Activity At Food Retail Establishments In Portland, Oregon, Kristina Marie Currans, Kelly Clifton

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the past decade, the methods for estimating multimodal transportation impacts of urban land use development have improved substantially. One assumption commonly made in these new methods is that overall person-trip rates at similarly-sized establishments of the same land use do not vary across a region. This is an assumption of convenience to permit the adjustment of ITE Trip Generation vehicle trip rates for use in different urban environments. However, this assumption is inconsistent with theories of urban economics, which recognize that businesses pay a premium to locate in areas with high levels of accessibility to attract more customers. In …

Coupling Of Sea Level And Tidal Range Changes, With Implications For Future Water Levels, Adam T. Devlin, David A. Jay, Stefan Talke, Edward D. Zaron, Jiayi Pan, Hui Lin

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Are perturbations to ocean tides correlated with changing sea-level and climate, and how will this affect high water levels? Here, we survey 152 tide gauges in the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea and statistically evaluate how the sum of the four largest tidal constituents, a proxy for the highest astronomical tide (HAT), changes over seasonal and interannual time scales. We find that the variability in HAT is significantly correlated with sea-level variability; approximately 35% of stations exhibit a greater than ±50 mm tidal change per meter sea-level fluctuation. Focusing on a subset of three stations with long records, probability …

Fate And Impacts Of Triclosan, Sulfamethoxazole, And 17Β-Estradiol During Nutrient Recovery Via Ion Exchange And Struvite Precipitation, Yiran Tong, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Brooke K. Mayer

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Increasing emphasis on resource recovery from wastewater highlights the importance of capturing valuable products, e.g., nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, while removing contaminants, e.g., organic micropollutants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fate of the micropollutants triclosan (present as a mixture of neutral and anionic species at neutral pH), 17β-estradiol (neutral at neutral pH), and sulfamethoxazole (anionic at neutral pH) during nutrient recovery using ion exchange-precipitation. Adsorption of the three micropollutants to the phosphate-selective ion exchange resins LayneRT and DOW-HFO-Cu ranged from 54% to 88% in Milli-Q water tests and 50% to 71% in …

Curriculum Innovation: Incorporating The Kern Engineering Entrepreneurial Network (Keen) Framework Into Online Discussions, Lisa Bosman, Brooke K. Mayer, Patrick J. Mcnamara

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to respond to the following research question: How does the Kern Engineering Entrepreneurial Network (KEEN) framework build interest in technical topic areas, impact student learning outcomes, and develop the entrepreneurial mindset when applied to the engineering classroom? The KEEN framework was developed to combine the entrepreneurial mindset with engineering education to produce a more valuable, strategically prepared engineer, rather than simply an “obedient engineer”. The framework proposes that the entrepreneurial mindset of students is increased by promoting curiosity, encouraging connections, and creating value. The results from this work provide insight into the impact and …

Virtual Reality Of Earthquake Ground Motions For Emergency Response, Ting Lin

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Ground motions interface earthquake science and engineering to advance understanding of seismic hazards and risk. Virtual reality provides an attractive tool to extend knowledge of the research community to a larger audience. This work visualizes emergency response under extreme motions, in the CAVE of the MARquette Visualization Laboratory. The visualization (a) displays ground motions (from the science community), (b) inputs these motions to structural models (from the engineering community) and illustrates the resulting responses, (c) translates structural responses to damage states of building elements, (d) creates a virtual room subjected to the perception associated with such earthquake shaking, and (e) …