Engineering Commons^™

A Review Of Co2 Emission Reductions Due To Wind Turbines Using Energy Benchmarks: A Focus On The Irish Electrical Energy Market, Tony Kealy

Articles

The installed capacity of wind turbines in Ireland increased from a value of 2,250 MW in 2014 to 3,318 MW in 2017, a 43% increase in the four years, supported through climate mitigation policies. The main aim of this study is to determine if the increase in wind turbine installed capacity is impacting on efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. The study utilises a review methodology. The findings show that the steady rise in wind turbine installed capacity year-on-year is not reflected in the Irish CO2 g/kWh energy benchmark. The benchmark value was 457 g CO2/kWh in 2014 and 437 g …

Role Of Reactive Power (Statcom) In The Planning Of Distribution Network With Higher Ev Charging Level, Arsalan Hussain Zaidi, Keith Sunderland, Michael Conlon

Articles

In recent years, new trends in electrification of the transport sector have been a major concern for distribution grid operators. New types of flexible, uncontrollable loads, such as EV, influence the reliability of distribution networks. This work is related to the distribution system planning framework, with a particular focus on uncoordinated flexible EV loads. The main focus is the enhancement of the hosting capacity of EVs on distribution networks, while maintaining power quality (especially voltage magnitude and voltage unbalance), which is ultimately a pre-requisite for increasing prosumer engagement. Several EV charging scenarios, in the context of UK/Irish distribution networks with …

The Heat Is On: The Capacities Required For The Establishment And Sustainability Of Community-Owned Renewable Energy District Heating Systems In Ireland, Gerard Doyle

Reports

International reviews of countries’ progress at tackling climate change show that Ireland is making small levels of progress on tackling issues associated with climate change. This paper will examine a theoretical framework, referred to as capacity analysis, to explain the capacities that need to be in place for the successful implementation of community-owned renewable energy district heating initiatives. The theoretical framework employed here is based on the ‘conceptual framework’ developed by Pringle which consists of four categories of capacity. The research methodology involves a case study with cases from Austria, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Wales and Scotland. The …

A Review Of 3d Gis For Use In Creating Virtual Historic Dublin, Alain Chenaux, Maurice Murphy, S. Pavia, S. Fai, T. Molnar, John Cahill, Shane Lenihan, A. Corns

Conference papers

This paper illustrates how BIM integration with GIS is approached as part of the workflow in creating Virtual Historic Dublin. A design for a WEB based interactive 3D model of historic buildings and centres in Dublin City (Virtual Historic Dublin City) paralleling smart city initiates is now under construction and led by the National Monuments at the Office of Public Works in Ireland. The aim is to facilitate the conservation and maintenance of historic infrastructure and fabric and the dissemination of knowledge for education and cultural tourism using an extensive Historic Building Information Model. Remote sensing data is now processed …

Multi-Element Long Distance Dependencies: Using Spk Languages To Explore The Characteristics Of Long-Distance Dependencies, Abhijit Mahalunkar, John Kelleher

Conference papers

In order to successfully model Long Distance Dependencies (LDDs) it is necessary to under-stand the full-range of the characteristics of the LDDs exhibited in a target dataset. In this paper, we use Strictly k-Piecewise languages to generate datasets with various properties. We then compute the characteristics of the LDDs in these datasets using mutual information and analyze the impact of factors such as (i) k, (ii) length of LDDs, (iii) vocabulary size, (iv) forbidden strings, and (v) dataset size. This analysis reveal that the number of interacting elements in a dependency is an important characteristic of LDDs. This leads us …

Ieee Access Special Section Editorial: Wirelessly Powered Networks, And Technologies, Theofanis P. Raptis, Nuno B. Carvalho, Diego Masotti, Lei Shu, Cong Wang, Yuanyuan Yang

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is, by definition, a process that occurs in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to a load without the connection of electrical conductors. WPT is the driving technology that will enable the next stage in the current consumer electronics revolution, including battery-less sensors, passive RF identification (RFID), passive wireless sensors, the Internet of Things and 5G, and machine-to-machine solutions. WPT-enabled devices can be powered by harvesting energy from the surroundings, including electromagnetic (EM) energy, leading to a new communication networks paradigm, the Wirelessly Powered Networks.

A Survey Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Identification Using Psychophysiological Data, S. De Silva, S. Dayarathna, G. Ariyarathne, D. Meedeniya, Sampath Jayarathna

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological disorders among children, that affects different areas in the brain that allows executing certain functionalities. This may lead to a variety of impairments such as difficulties in paying attention or focusing, controlling impulsive behaviours and overreacting. The continuous symptoms may have a severe impact in the long-term. This paper explores the ADHD identification studies using eye movement data and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). This study discusses different machine learning techniques, existing models and analyses the existing literature. We have identified the current challenges and possible future directions …

Sec-Lib: Protecting Scholarly Digital Libraries From Infected Papers Using Active Machine Learning Framework, Nir Nissim, Aviad Cohen, Jian Wu, Andrea Lanzi, Lior Rokach, Yuval Elovici, Lee Giles

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Researchers from academia and the corporate-sector rely on scholarly digital libraries to access articles. Attackers take advantage of innocent users who consider the articles' files safe and thus open PDF-files with little concern. In addition, researchers consider scholarly libraries a reliable, trusted, and untainted corpus of papers. For these reasons, scholarly digital libraries are an attractive-target and inadvertently support the proliferation of cyber-attacks launched via malicious PDF-files. In this study, we present related vulnerabilities and malware distribution approaches that exploit the vulnerabilities of scholarly digital libraries. We evaluated over two-million scholarly papers in the CiteSeerX library and found the library …

Capillary Pressure Characteristics Of Co2-Brine-Sandstone Systems, Sefan Iglauer, Halidi Abdoulghafour, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh, Martin Ferno, Lars Petter Hauge

Research Datasets

This is the coreflood data we measured during the different experiments.

Offshore Wind Farms And Maritime Navigational Risks, Syed Raza Ali Mehdi

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

The offshore wind energy sector (OWE) has experienced significant growth in the last few decades. Since the inception of the very first offshore wind farm (OWF) – Vindeby – in 1991, there have been major improvements in materials, structures, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics technologies, as well as substantial developments in installation, operations, maintenance and decommissioning strategies. These advances have led to a rapid increase in the numbers and sizes of both offshore winds turbines (OWTs) and OWFs, and driven down the cost of OWE generation. With further improvements imminent, and increasing societal popularity, the strong evolution of the OWE sector is predicted …

Social Impacts Of Climate Change And Occupational Heat Stress And Adaptation Strategies Of Mining Workers In Ghana, Victor Fannam Nunfam

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Excessive heat exposure due to rising temperatures associated with climate change adversely affects workers’ health, safety, productivity, and psychosocial well-being in occupational settings. In the hot and tropical regions of developing countries, long hours of physically demanding work, coupled with inadequate adaptation policies to climate change, increases the occurrence of heat-related illnesses and injuries, and contributes to the loss of productive capacity, poor decision making, and other negative effects on the social well-being of workers.

Based on the theories of social impact assessment, risk assessment, adaptation and resilience planning, this study assesses the social impacts of climate change and occupational …

Intrinsic Variations In Geometric Properties Of Nonlinear Equivalent Strut Models For Infill-Rc Frames, Bruna Kirch Nienkotter Rocha

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Reinforced concrete frames infilled with unreinforced masonry are commonly used in structures worldwide. The interaction between the frame and the infill panel is usually ignored in engineering practice, and the masonry infill is not considered as a structural element. However, observations made after the occurrence of strong earthquakes have shown that the bare frame and infill-frame behave differently when subjected to in-plane lateral loads. Extensive research has been conducted on the behaviour of infill-frames when laterally loaded. This research focuses on the analysis of infill-frames using the equivalent strut modelling method, whereby an infill-frame is simplified, and the infill panel …

A State Aggregation Approach For Stochastic Multiperiod Last-Mile Ride-Sharing Problems, Lucas Agussurja, Shih-Fen Cheng, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The arrangement of last-mile services is playing an increasingly important role in making public transport more accessible. We study the use of ridesharing in satisfying last-mile demands with the assumption that demands are uncertain and come in batches. The most important contribution of our paper is a two-level Markov decision process framework that is capable of generating a vehicle-dispatching policy for the aforementioned service. We introduce state summarization, representative states, and sample-based cost estimation as major approximation techniques in making our approach scalable. We show that our approach converges and solution quality improves as sample size increases. We also apply …

Routing And Scheduling For A Last-Mile Transportation System, Hai Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The last-mile problem concerns the provision of travel services from the nearest public transportation node to a passenger’s home or other destination. We study the operation of an emerging last-mile transportation system (LMTS) with batch demands that result from the arrival of groups of passengers who desire last-mile service at urban metro stations or bus stops. Routes and schedules are determined for a multivehicle fleet of delivery vehicles, with the objective of minimizing passenger waiting time and riding time. An exact mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for LMTS operations is presented first, which is difficult to solve optimally within acceptable computational …

Analysis Of Bus Ride Comfort Using Smartphone Sensor Data, Hoong-Chor Chin, Xingting Pang, Zhaoxia Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Passenger comfort is an important indicator that is often used to measure the quality of public transport services. It may also be a crucial factor in the passenger’s choice of transport mode. The typical method of assessing passenger comfort is through a passenger interview survey which can be tedious. This study aims to investigate the relationship between bus ride comfort based on ride smoothness and the vehicle’s motion detected by the smartphone sensors. An experiment was carried out on a bus fixed route within the University campus where comfort levels were rated on a 3-point scale and recorded at 5-second …

Vireo @ Video Browser Showdown 2019, Phuong Anh Nguyen, Chong-Wah Ngo, Danny Francis, Benoit Huet

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, the VIREO team video retrieval tool is described in details. As learned from Video Browser Showdown (VBS) 2018, the visualization of video frames is a critical need to improve the browsing effectiveness. Based on this observation, a hierarchical structure that represents the video frame clusters has been built automatically using k-means and self-organizing-map and used for visualization. Also, the relevance feedback module which relies on real-time supportvector-machine classification becomes unfeasible with the large dataset provided in VBS 2019 and has been replaced by a browsing module with pre-calculated nearest neighbors. The preliminary user study results on IACC.3 …

Wettability Of Quartz Surfaces Under Carbon Dioxide Geo-Sequestration Conditions. A Theoretical Study, Aleksandr Abramov

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The wettability of rocks under reservoir conditions is important to ensure and secure long term underground storage of carbon dioxide. The composition of those rocks vary significantly and are influenced by the fact that quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the earth's continental crust. Thus, the CO2 wettability of quartz dominates the overall CO2 trapping performance of storage and cap rocks. If depleted oil or gas reservoirs are used for storage of CO2 quartz surfaces of rocks in reservoirs which have been previously exposed to hydrocarbons might be covered with chemisorpt hydrocarbon molecules. The CO2 wettability of these …

Mobility Management In 5g Heterogeneous Networks, Mohammad Arifin Rahman Khan

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

In recent years, mobile data traffic has increased exponentially as a result of widespread popularity and uptake of portable devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops. This growth has placed enormous stress on network service providers who are committed to offering the best quality of service to consumer groups. Consequently, telecommunication engineers are investigating innovative solutions to accommodate the additional load offered by growing numbers of mobile users.

The fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication standard is expected to provide numerous innovative solutions to meet the growing demand of consumer groups. Accordingly the ultimate goal is to achieve several key …

Traditional Vs Gesture Based Uav Control, Sam J. Holley, Brian Sanders, Dennis Vincenzi, Yuzhong Shen

Publications

Abstract. The purpose of this investigation was to assess user preferences for controlling an autonomous system. A comparison using a virtual environment (VE) was made between a joystick based, game controller and a gesture-based system using the leap motion controller. Command functions included basic flight maneuvers and switching between the operator and drone view. Comparisons were made between the control approaches using a representative quadcopter drone. The VE was designed to minimize the cognitive loading and focus on the flight control. It is a physics-based flight simulator built in Unity3D. Participants first spend time familiarizing themselves with the basic controls …

Infographic: Celebrities Endorsing Stem, Melanie Canfield, Leroy Long Iii

Publications

This infographic displays quotes from a diverse group of celebrities promoting careers in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). These male and female celebrities of different racial and ethnic groups include professional athletes, actors, authors, musicians, and models. This infographic was inspired by Verizon's #weneedmore campaign, which featured LeBron James, Drew Brees, Adriana Lima, and Zendaya. Many youth aspire to become celebrities and are aware of careers related to athletics, acting, and music. However, far less youth aspire to become STEM professionals and are aware of the countless career opportunities in STEM fields. This infographic is not meant to discourage …

Infographic: D1 Stem Student-Athletes, Mckenna James, Leroy Long Iii

Publications

In this infographic, Division I student-athletes studying degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) are displayed. The infographic focuses on women and racial/ethnic minoritized students who pursue STEM degrees and play a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I sport. For a variety of sports, the achievements, awards, and degrees of collegiate athletes are displayed. Whether they studied mathematics, psychology, or aerospace engineering, these diverse individuals from different gender/racial backgrounds rose to the challenge of being a STEM student-athlete and achieved greatness.

Instilling An Entrepreneurial Mindset In A New Generation Of First-Year Engineering Students Through A Graphics Course Project, Lulu Sun, Leroy Long Iii

Publications

Each year, an increasing number of engineering start-up companies emerge in the U.S. and around the world. Innovation and entrepreneurship have never been so pronounced, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. How can we train engineering students to be more entrepreneurially-minded so they are well-equipped to become global innovators? Engineering educators can use entrepreneurially-minded learning activities to help students develop an entrepreneurial mindset, which is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. At a mid-sized Southeastern private institution, we used an open-ended team project and an end-of-semester poster competition within a freshman-level engineering graphics course to encourage …

Infographic: Enhancing Engineering Students’ Communication Skills Through A Team-Based Graphics Course Project, Leroy Long Iii, Kari L. Jordan, William Wanyagah

Publications

This infographic supports the article Enhancing Engineering Students’ Communication Skills through a Team-Based Graphics Course Project which can be accessed here: https://commons.erau.edu/asee-edgd/conference70/papers-2016/5/

Infographic: Stem All-Stars, Mckenna James, Leroy Long Iii

Publications

In this infographic, professional athletes with degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) are displayed. For a variety of sports, the achievements, awards, and degrees of professional athletes are shown. Each of these professional athletes prove that students can study STEM while also being a successful athlete. Whether they studied mathematics, psychology, or aerospace engineering, these athletes from various racial/ethnic backgrounds rose to the challenge and achieved greatness in the classroom and in their sport. Due to the lack of female professional sports, the representation of professional female athletes is not shown. This infographic is meant to encourage youth …

Investigation Of Void Formation In Friction Stir Welding Of 7n01 Aluminum Alloy, Xingxin Zhao, Jianmin Han, Joseph P. Domblesky, Zhiyong Yang, Zhiqiang Li, Xiaolong Liu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process that is widely used to produce high integrity aluminum weldments for a variety of industries. While extensive work has been conducted to understand flow behavior, much less research has been performed to identify how void defects form and how to predict them. In the present study, the relationship between rotation speed, plasticized region, and defect formation was investigated. To analyze how tunneling and cavity type void defects form during FSW, a 3-D Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model based on the Fluent software code was used to simulate butt welding. The CFD …

Effect Of Diffusion Distance On Evolution Of Kirkendall Pores In Titanium-Coated Nickel Wires, Aaron R. Yosta, Dinc Erdeniz, Ashley E. Paz Y Puente, David C. Dunanda

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Microtubes of near-equiatomic nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys can be created via the Kirkendall effect during NiTi interdiffusion, when nickel wires are surface-coated with titanium via pack cementation and subsequently homogenized. This study explores the effect of diffusion distance upon Kirkendall microtube formation in NiTi by considering a range of Ni wire diameters. For Ni wire diameters of 25, 50 and 100 μm, titanized at 925 °C for 0.5, 2, and 8 h to achieve average NiTi composition, partial interdiffusion occurs concurrently with Ti surface deposition, resulting in concentric shells of NiTi₂, NiTi and Ni₃Ti around a Ni …

Structure And Growth Of Core–Shell Nanoprecipitates In Al–Er–Sc–Zr–V–Si High-Temperature Alloys, Wahaz Nasim, Saegh Yazdi, Ruben Santamarta, Jahanzaib Malik, Dinc Erdeniz, Bilal Mansoor, David N. Seidman, David C. Dunand, Ibrahim Karaman

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Lightweight Sc-containing aluminum alloys exhibit superior mechanical performance at high temperatures due to core–shell, L1₂-ordered trialuminide nanoprecipitates. In this study, the structure of these nanoprecipitates was studied, using different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, for an Al–Er– Sc–Zr–V–Si alloy that was subjected to a two-stage overaging heat treatment. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the spherical Al₃(Sc, Zr, Er ,V) nanoprecipitates revealed a core–shell structure with an Sc- and Er-enriched core and a Zr-enriched shell, without a clear V outer shell. This structure is stable up to 72% of the absolute melting temperature of Al for extended periods …

An Efficient Monte Carlo-Based Solver For Thermal Radiation In Participating Media, Joseph Farmer, Somesh Roy

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Monte Carlo-based solvers, while well-suited for accurate calculation of complex thermal radiation transport problems in participating media, are often deemed computationally unattractive for use in the solution of real-world problems. The main disadvantage of Monte Carlo (MC) solvers is their slow convergence rate and relatively high computational cost. This work presents a novel approach based on a low-discrepancy sequence (LDS) and is proposed for reducing the error bound of a Monte Carlo-based radiation solver. Sobols sequence – an LDS generated with a bit-by-bit exclusive-or operator – is used to develop a quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) solver for thermal radiation in this …

Optimization Of Turbine Design In Wind Farms With Multiple Hub Heights, Using Exact Analytic Gradients And Structural Constraints, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes

Faculty Publications

Wind farms are generally designed with turbines of all the same hub height. If wind farms were designed with turbines of different hub heights, wake interference between turbines could be reduced, lowering the cost of energy (COE). This paper demonstrates a method to optimize onshore wind farms with two different hub heights using exact, analytic gradients. Gradient-based optimization with exact gradients scales well with large problems and is preferable in this application over gradient-free methods. Our model consisted of the following: a version of the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-State wake model that accommodated three- dimensional wakes and calculated …

Combined Trajectory, Propulsion, And Battery Mass Optimization For Solar-Regenerative High-Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aircraft, Nathaniel S. Gates, Kevin R. Moore, Andrew Ning, John D. Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Combined optimization of propulsion system design, flight trajectory planning and battery mass optimization for solar-regenerative high-altitude long endurance (SRHALE) aircraft through a sequential iterative approach yields an increase of 20.2% in the end-of-day energy available on the winter solstice at 35 deg N latitude, resulting in an increase in flight time of 2.36 hours. The optimized flight path is obtained by using nonlinear model predictive control to solve flight and energy system dynamics over a 24 hour period with a 15 second time resolution. The optimization objective is to maximize the total energy in the system while flying a station-keeping …