Engineering Commons^™

Leveraging Intermediate Artifacts To Improve Automated Trace Link Retrieval, Alberto D. Rodriguez

Master's Theses

Software traceability establishes a network of connections between diverse artifacts such as requirements, design, and code. However, given the cost and effort of creating and maintaining trace links manually, researchers have proposed automated approaches using information retrieval techniques. Current approaches focus almost entirely upon generating links between pairs of artifacts and have not leveraged the broader network of interconnected artifacts. In this paper we investigate the use of intermediate artifacts to enhance the accuracy of the generated trace links – focus- ing on paths consisting of source, target, and intermediate artifacts. We propose and evaluate combinations of techniques for computing …

On The Design Of Coreless Permanent Magnet Machines For Electric Aircraft Propulsion, Damien Lawhorn, Peng Han, Donovin Lewis, Yaser Chulaee, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

This paper presents design and prototyping studies for coreless and slotless permanent magnet (PM) machines, which have the potential for high power density and efficiency, and discusses their feasibility for electric aircraft propulsion. The emphasis is on axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with printed circuit board (PCB) stators that have advantages over their wired counterparts in terms of design flexibility, coil accuracy, manufacturing process reliability, and heat dissipation. Detailed electromagnetic finite element analysis models were developed and employed alongside analytical sizing equations to evaluate the performance of two dual-rotor single-stator coreless AFPM designs employing wave and spiral PCB winding …

Combined Use Of Ev Batteries And Pv Systems For Improving Building Resilience To Blackouts, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

Californian residencies face increased risk of blackout. The state depends more on imported electricity that may not always be available to fill the gap between renewable generation and demand. For buildings with PV panels, storing the surplus solar power to support the load during a blackout can be achieved with a large energy storage system (ESS). The electric vehicle (EV) provides potential solutions as it can expand the energy capacity of the residential ESS with its battery. In this paper, a reference house in California was modeled in EnergyPlus. The building resilience for a house with different load percentages were …

Comprehensive Review On Algorithms Used In Battery Management System For Automotive Applications, Sumukh Surya

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

The electric industry has seen a rapid boom over the years and a prominent energy storage device being used is batteries in smart grids and electric vehicles (EV). Apart from developing cells of high energy density and power, performance improvements in the battery management system (BMS) are also equally important. This paper studies the important algorithms essential for a BMS and their estimation techniques. For measuring and predicting the functional status of the battery, the BMS uses accurate algorithms along with state-of-the-art mechanisms to efficiently use and safeguard the battery under all operating conditions.

Optical Properties Of Annealed Spray Pyrolyzed Zinc Oxide Thin Films, Ayana A

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Metal oxide semiconductors of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have received a lot of interest in recent decades owing to their vast variety of applications in different domains. In this work, ZnO film is deposited at 450℃ on a chemically cleaned borosilicate glass substrate through a conventional chemical spray pyrolysis method. The deposited samples were annealed at different temperatures for 2 hours. Optical transmission in the visible region was maximum for the sample annealed at 450℃. The enhancement of energy bandgap with annealing temperature was observed due to the Burstein-Moss shift. The optical parameters like extinction coefficient and refractive index values …

Games Is 5, 7, 3, 2 And 1st Letters Of Semigraph, Jyoti Shetty Dr

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Semigraph is a generalization of a graph with multiple vertices on an edge, hence semigraph finds an application in every field where a graph has an application. Games and puzzles can be designed, developed, and generated using graphs, thus semigraph can also be used to do the same. A well-known puzzle “SUDOKU” can be seen as a semigraph. This article gives games which are based on the structural properties of semigraphs and hence have been considered as an application of semigraphs. 2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C99.

Wavelet-Based Single-Channel Eeg Features For The Automated Recognition Of Human Emotion, Anjan Gudigar, Raghavendra U Dr., Maithri M, Samir Kumar Praharaj Dr

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Human emotion is a physical and physiological activity that is triggered in response to internal or external stimulation. Automating emotion recognition is a challenging task since emotions change continuously with time, situation, etc. It is a complex activity. Recently, multiple studies were undertaken using CAD tools to automatically detect emotions. EEG signals are one mode through which emotions can be captured. These signals are captured using multiple channels. Processing all these channel features can be a cumbersome task. Hence in the current study, we tried to recognize the emotions using a single T7 channel. Initially, the features of the pre-processed …

Nomophobia Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic-Can Social Media Be Used To Understand Mobile Phone Dependency, Vaishnavi Visweswaraiah, Tanvi Banerjee, William Romine, Sarah Fryman

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Utilization Of Agro-Based Adsorbents In Binary Wastewater Treatment, Abhiram Siva Prasad Pamula, Yung-Tse Hung, Howard H. Paul

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The application of agro-based adsorbents is growing in the tertiary stage of the wastewater treatment process during the presence of hazardous pollutants. Dye and coffee industries are among the major wastewater pollutant sources negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. The current study attempts to treat a binary mixture of crystal violet (CV) and coffee wastewater using agro-based adsorbents such as peanut hull and onion peel. The performance and efficacy of low-cost adsorbents were evaluated using parameters, including transmittance and non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to optimize both the adsorbent size and dosage that affect the …

Dynamic Body Armor Shape Sensing Using Fiber Bragg Gratings And Photoassisted Silicon Wire-Edm Machining, Ivann Civi Lomas-E Velasco

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, a method to improve survivability is developed for fiber Bragg gratings under high velocity impact in dynamic body armor shape sensing applications by encasing the fiber in silicone. Utilizing the slipping of the fiber within the silicone channel, a proportionality relationship between the strain of the fiber to the acceleration of the impacting projectile is found and is used to obtain the rate of the back-face deformation. A hybrid model is developed to handle errors caused by the stick-slip of the fiber by fitting an inverse exponential to stuck sections found in a captured strain profile and …

Natural Molybdenite-And Tyrosinase-Based Amperometric Catechol Biosensor Using Acridine Orange As A Glue, Anchor, And Stabilizer For The Adsorbed Tyrosinase, Yan Zhang, Yue Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Ahmed Sobhy, Susumu Sato, Masaya Uchida, Yasushi Hasebe

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To develop a natural mineral-based electrochemical enzyme biosensor, natural molybdenite (MLN), tyrosinase (TYR), and acridine orange (AO) were coadsorbed onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The developed TYR/AO/MLN-GCE-based amperometric TYR biosensor exhibited excellent performance for highly sensitive determination of catechol (linear range, 0.1-80 μM; sensitivity, 0.0315 μA/μM; LOD, 0.029 μM; response time, <4 >s) with good reproducibility and good operational and storage stabilities. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) revealed interesting roles of AO: (1) an efficient glue for enhancing the amount of the adsorbed TYR on the MLN-GCE, (2) an anchor for efficient orientation …

Manganese Oxide Carbon-Based Nanocomposite In Energy Storage Applications, Mulugeta Wayu

Chemistry Faculty Research

Global increasing demand in the need of energy leads to the development of non-conventional, high power energy sources. Supercapacitors (SCs) are one of the typical non-conventional energy storage devices which are based on the principle of electrochemical energy conversion. SCs are promising energy storage devices for better future energy technology. Increasing progress has been made in the development of applied and fundamental aspects of SCs. Manganese oxide electrode materials have been well studied; however, their capacitive performance is still inadequate for practical applications. Recent research is mainly focused on enhancing manganese oxide capacitive performance through the incorporation of electrically conductive …

Understanding And Efficiently Managing Right-To-Take Challenges In Kentucky, Pam Clay-Young, Steve Waddle, Bryan Gibson

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Executive Summary

Kentucky constitutional and statutory law requires that a fair process be in place to let a property owner challenge a condemnor’s right to acquire private property, including a right to appeal the initial decision. Property acquired by a condemnor must be for public use, and property owners have the right to an immediate and expedited hearing on right-to-take. Two of these requirements will remain in place regardless of statutory revisions: the requirement that property must be needed (i.e., not arbitrary) for public use, and the right to one appeal. Only an amendment(s) to the Kentucky Constitution would alter …

Analysis Of Truck Weight Limit Regulations, P. Gayle Marks, Jon Wilcoxson, Bryan Gibson, Chris Van Dyke, Jennifer Walton, Doug Kreis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In the United States vehicle weight limits are set by laws and regulations enacted at the state and federal levels. On interstates the maximum allowable gross vehicle weight is 80,000 lbs. States use different rules for permitting overdimensional and overweight (OD/OW) vehicles, and most have carve outs that exempt specific commodities from standard weight limits. This results in a complex legal and regulatory landscape that enforcement personnel can find difficult to negotiate. This report discusses strategies that can be adopted in the state of Kentucky to improve enforcement and mitigate infrastructure damage caused by OD/OW loads. After presenting a thorough …

Investigation Of Workflow Processes And Best Practices In Kentucky’S Cdl Program, Valerie Keathley-Helil, Andrew Martin, Brian Howell, Jennifer Walton

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky’s Division of Driver Licensing maintains the driver history records for all licensed drivers in Kentucky. It serves as the state driver licensing agency and is the locus for meeting the federal CDL requirements under 49 CFR 384. Kentucky relies on FMCSA’s Commercial Driver’s License Program Implementation (CDLPI) grant funding to subsidize salaries for Federally Funded Temporary Labor (FFTL). FFTLs verify and process documents as well as field phone calls from customers. DDL administrators say they cannot meet the CDL reporting timeframes without FFTL labor, but the agency is not able to fund temporary or full-time staff members on its …

Evaluation Of The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet’S Maintenance Rating Program, Bryan Gibson, Rachel Catchings, Vinh Dao, Doug Kreis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) relies on its Maintenance Rating Program (MRP) to systematically measure conditions on state-owned roads and rights of way. Every year, the Cabinet evaluates 300-400 road segments in each of its highway districts. Segments receive aggregate scores ranging from 0 to 100, with the target score being 80. This report appraises the MRP and discusses potential strategies for its improvement. Compared to asset management programs established at other state transportation agencies, KYTC’s performs quite well. Between 1999 and 2019, MRP data show that scores improved across all road types. In 2011, the average score for all …

Updating Congestion Performance Measures For Shift 2022, Mei Chen, Xu Zhang, Eugene Antwi Boasiako, Fahmida Rahman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Executive Summary

The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has adopted a data-driven decision-making process to allocate funds for highway improvement projects. This process — Strategic Highway Investment Formula for Tomorrow (SHIFT) — requires that candidate projects be scored on five critical metrics: safety, asset management, congestion, economic growth, and benefit/cost analysis. The congestion metric is vehicle hours of delay (VHD), which was first developed for the SHIFT 2020 cycle (1). For SHIFT 2022, VHD is estimated using probe speed data acquired for 166,527 directional miles of Kentucky highways.

This report summarizes analyses performed using 2018-2019 HERE speed data, and …

Fourth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis (4th-Casam) Of Response-Coupled Linear Forward/Adjoint Systems: I. Theoretical Framework, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

The most general quantities of interest (called “responses”) produced by the computational model of a linear physical system can depend on both the forward and adjoint state functions that describe the respective system. This work presents the Fourth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (4th-CASAM) for linear systems, which enables the efficient computation of the exact expressions of the 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-and 4th-order sensitivities of a generic system response, which can depend on both the forward and adjoint state functions, with respect to all of the parameters underlying the respective forward/adjoint systems. Among the best known such system responses are various …

Power Line Coupling Power Supply Design, Janine Gian Christii C. Darato, Jeni K. Kawate, Nicholas A. Marta

Electrical Engineering

In this project, a power supply was designed for a startup company, Perch Sensing, to detect wildfires with the use of distributed sensors across power lines. The purpose of the power supply is to provide 15W of power to a microcontroller, which controls the sensor nodes. The power supply hangs from power lines and draws energy by inductively coupling to these lines. Our design starts with a current transformer that steps down the current from the power line, which is fed into a shunting mechanism as a safety precaution when the load is absent, then to the power supply itself. …

Buck Converter With Voltage Foldback Protection, Fabian Aaron Enriquez, Pedro Rincon Rosales

Electrical Engineering

In this work, we implemented the idea of current foldback protection onto a buck converter. Current foldback protection essentially helps reduce the power dissipation which may be caused by a short circuit or overload scenario. To achieve the goal of this project, we used a combination of comparators, operational amplifiers and MOSFETs to create a current foldback sub controller. This controller would then serve as a feedback device between the output of the converter and the main controller to detect if a fault condition has occurred. Following the design, we performed simulation of the current foldback controller using PSpice and …

Tractor Hacking, Jin Huang, Kyle B. Kesler

Electrical Engineering

Tractor hacking arose from tractor owners' desire for full control over the tractors they purchase. Tractor manufacturers set strict security on the electrical components of their tractors, making it difficult for tractor owners to diagnose and monitor their tractors on their own. The UltraBlue Tractor Hacking project is a solution to this problem, allowing tractor owners to perform diagnostics and monitor the equipment they purchased without having to go through dealerships. From talking to farmers, we found that they valued a diagnostic tool that allows for clearing and resetting Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), viewing diagnostic data pertaining to a specific …

Portable Ventilator, Bradley C. Weeks, Jack W. Brewer, Sanders Sanabria

Electrical Engineering

The current COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted the healthcare system in the United States and elsewhere. The need for patients to have access to a hospital with a ventilator along with a shortage of ventilators for recovery and at-home care as a result of minimal hospital vacancy for patients has been greatly stressed. The presented problem is both an unmet demand and supply of portable and effective ventilators. Existing ventilators have many shortcomings that should be addressed: size, weight, cost, and complexity of current ventilators confines users to stay in a medical facility whilst being monitored by professionals. This both …

Automated Cornhole Score Keeping System, Dominic J. Mingione, Jason D. Chandler

Electrical Engineering

Due to the confusing scoring system and rules of the popular lawn game cornhole, many novice and avid players have difficulty accurately keeping score on a consistent basis. To alleviate this problem, the Automated Cornhole Score Keeping System implements technology that eliminates the need to keep score manually in a game of cornhole. Two cornhole boards, configured with the score keeping system, are able to accurately keep score for both teams throughout the entirety of the game. Each score keeping system communicates through BLE, giving players access to the score of their game from an external scoreboard. Both boards are …

Medical Signal Recognition System Based On Machine Learning, Deep Learning, And Internet Of Things, Arwa Hameed Mohammed Taqi

Theses and Dissertations

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is becoming increasingly common in the healthcare industry. The significant benefits of IoT are decreased operational costs, improved outcomes of the treatment through virtual infrastructures and accessibility of real-time information for making informed decisions, improved disease management, reduced errors, and enhanced patient experience. This enables hospitals to address the demands of the ever-growing population in this world. On the other hand, medical signal classification systems are systems that recognize normal from abnormal medical signals. These systems depend on two modes, training mode in which the system learns about the dominant features of the signals, and …

Artificial Intelligence In Real-Time Diagnostics And Prognostics Of Composite Materials And Its Uncertainties – A Review, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider, Erick Reifsnider

UTARI Researcher Publications-Archive

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution of big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely used in each and every field of composite materials which includes design and analysis, material storage, manufacturing, non-destructive testing (NDT), Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Prognostics of its Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Material State (MS) and damage modes. While these AI models are rapidly developed and integrated into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to keep track of the health of a composite material from its birth to death, these integrations remain uncertain for prognostics without the certainty of its previous material state. This …

Economic And Environmental Benefits Of A Reduced Roadside Mowing Program For Kentucky Highways, Chris Van Dyke, Candice Wallace, Doug Kreis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A growing number of state departments of transportation (DOTs) are introducing conservation mowing programs that aim to reduce the frequency of roadside mowing while expanding the footprint of pollinator habitat. Wanting to get a better handle on the utility conservation mowing, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) funded this study to explore the economic and environmental benefits that accrue from mowing less often. This report presents a synthesis of best conservation mowing practices based on a review of landscape management policies, programs, and procedures in use at 15 state DOTs. Most agencies divide the roadside into discrete management zones. While they …

Towards Enabling Unmanned Aerial Vehicles As A Service For Heterogeneous Applications, Farid Nait-Abdesselam, Ahmad Alsharoa, Mohamed Y. Selim, Daji Qiao, Ahmed E. Kamal

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in various commercial applications, such as precision agriculture and aerial remote sensing, is fast contributing to a significant growth in the UAV market. Also, it is crucial to provide continuous coverage after failures of wireless network components or additional bandwidth in high traffic situations. By introducing the concept of UAVs as a service (UaaS), we propose a novel framework, dubbed D3S, consisting of four phases: Demand, decision, deployment, and service. The main objective of this framework is to provide a realistic and streamlined approach to support the implementation of the UaaS paradigm. …

A Game-Theoretic Framework To Regulate Freeriding In Inter-Provider Spectrum Sharing, Mostafizur Rahman, Murat Yuksel, Thomas Quint

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Primary-secondary spectrum sharing is limited in terms of design space, and may not be sufficient to meet the ever-increasing demand of connectivity and high signal quality. The next step to increase spectrum sharing efficiency is to design markets where sharing takes place among primary providers rather than leaving it to the limited case where the primary licensee is idle. Attaining contractual spectrum sharing among primary providers, a.k.a. co-primary or inter-provider sharing, involves additional costs for the users, e.g., roaming fee. Co-primary spectrum sharing without additional charge to the users poses two major challenges: a) regulatory approaches must be introduced to …

Impact Of Electric Vehicle Charging On The Performance Of Distribution Grid, Sina Ibne Ahmed, Hossein Salehfar, Daisy Flora Selvaraj

EERC Publications, Papers, & Presentations

This study has assessed the impacts of Level 1, Level 2, and DC fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs) on distribution feeder by varying the EV penetration level. Both graphical and real-time simulations have been conducted to evaluate the vehicle-charging effect on the distribution system. The outcome of the study demonstrates voltage deviation and distortion on the distribution grid.

Cultivating Creativity In Aerospace Systems Engineering To Manage Complexity, Kenneth Lucas Dodd

Master's Theses

In recent decades, complexity in aerospace programs has been increasing, leading to large budget and schedule overruns. Many of the risks of complex system development can be attributed to the inadequacy of linear methods when applied to nonlinear domains, i.e., oversimplification in a program amplifies the amount of risk produced when a system behaves unexpectedly. Effectively managing complexity involves responding to the various sources of complexity, whether it appears in the objective behavior of the system itself or in the subjective behavior of the people developing it. Thus, the engineering of complex systems requires nonlinear modeling methods of the system …