Engineering Commons^™

Assessment Of Deteriorated Structural Concrete To Provide Durable Repairs, Theodore Hopwood, Christopher Goff, Sudhir Palle

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Most of the structural elements on Kentucky bridges are made of reinforced concrete. Many of these elements deteriorate as a result of corrosion of the reinforcing steel caused by carbonation and — primarily — applications of chlorides by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC). Corrosion of reinforcing steel is reviewed along with assessment procedures that leverage nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods and related laboratory and field tests. Several maintenance procedures are discussed, including the application of sealers and coatings, patch and major concrete repairs, and electrochemical methods. Incorporating NDE and test results into maintenance procedure selection is discussed. Recommendations are provided on …

Computational Simulation Of The Lung Doses Of Air-Borne Fine And Ultrafine Particles Inhaled By Humans At Industrial Workplaces, Mohammed Ali

Technology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study correlates computational predictions with in-vivo experimental results of inhaled fine and ultrafine particulate matters (PMs) transport, dissemination, and deposition in the human respiratory airways. Epidemiological studies suggest that workplace exposure of anthropogenic pollutant PMs as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to acute broncho-pulmonary infections. However, investigations on detailed human inhalation and PM transport processes are restrictive from time, cost, and ethical perspectives. To overcome this problem, computational simulation of particle deposition based on the Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model was employed. Here, the physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of PMs of carbon black and nanoparticles from …

Path Towards Energy Sustainability: Amultidimensional Analysis Of Energypoverty In Philippine Households, Anna Katrina R. Ignacio, Maria Sofia Lei P. Puncia, Arlene B. Inocencio, Marites Tiongco, Mitzie Irene P. Conchada, Alellie B. Sobreviñas, Rens Adrian T. Calub

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Measuring energy poverty to meet one’s basic needs is vital for household assessments concerning accessibility of energy, affordability of energy prices, usage of energy resources, and sufficiency of energy consumption. In this Policy Brief, we have listed recommendations and rationale to improve the energy conditions of Philippine households.

Pv Hosting Capacity Assessment For Improved Planning Of Low-Voltage Distribution Networks, Sina Ibne Ahmed, Hossein Salehfar, Daisy Flora Selvaraj

EERC Publications, Papers, & Presentations

This study has developed a rural substation feeder model and conducted an iterative photovoltaics (PV) hosting capacity analysis for various load conditions. Multiple hosting capacity constraints have been considered, and their impacts have been evaluated. In addition, PV capacity improvement techniques are discussed. The study’s outcome demonstrates the application of dynamic inverter control settings to mitigate capacity restrictions.

Construction Of Spatial Filtering Matrices For Norm-Optimal Ilc In Single Point Incremental Forming, Joseph D. Fischer, Mitchell R. Woodside, Douglas A. Bristow, Robert G. Landers

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is a control technique used to improve performance in repetitive processes. ILC has grown in popularity in part due to its ease of implementation and ability to achieve high levels of accuracy even in complex nonlinear systems. However, a fundamental limitation of ILC is that it relies on system repetition, making the impact of non-repetitive disturbances (e.g., noise) on the controller's performance severe. Much work has been done to reject noise in the time domain; however, little has been done to address noise which is spatial in nature. In this work, a method for limiting noise …

Toughening Mechanisms For The Attachment Of Architectured Materials: The Mechanics Of The Tendon Enthesis, Mikhail Golman, Adam C. Abraham, Iden Kurtaliaj, Brittany P. Marshall, Yizhong Jenny Hu, Andrea G. Schwartz, X. Edward Guo, Victor Birman, Philipp J. Thurner, Guy M. Genin, Stavros Thomopoulos

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Architectured materials offer tailored mechanical properties but are limited in engineering applications due to challenges in maintaining toughness across their attachments. The enthesis connects tendon and bone, two vastly different architectured materials, and exhibits toughness across a wide range of loadings. Understanding the mechanisms by which this is achieved could inform the development of engineered attachments. Integrating experiments, simulations, and previously unexplored imaging that enabled simultaneous observation of mineralized and unmineralized tissues, we identified putative mechanisms of enthesis toughening in a mouse model and then manipulated these mechanisms via in vivo control of mineralization and architecture. Imaging uncovered a fibrous …

The Race To Fifty Feet: An Effort To Determine The Benefits Of Deepening The Mississippi River, Brian Miles

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This research examined the benefits and drawbacks of deepening the Lower Mississippi River to fifty feet. It established that the deepening of the Lower Mississippi River will impact not only the local area but also the inland regions that rely on the river systems and lower river ports for product movement. The perspectives of vessel operators, maritime industry experts and charterers are provided to offer insight. The sources for the research include educational literature, maritime research and interviews of industry experts. Based on this research, it is clear that this project will benefit many parties. The beneficiaries will include both …

Concolic Execution Of Nmap Scripts For Honeyfarm Generation, Zhe Li, Bo Chen, Wu-Chang Feng, Fei Xie

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Attackers rely upon a vast array of tools for automating attacksagainst vulnerable servers and services. It is often the case thatwhen vulnerabilities are disclosed, scripts for detecting and exploit-ing them in tools such asNmapandMetasploitare released soonafter, leading to the immediate identification and compromise ofvulnerable systems. Honeypots, honeynets, tarpits, and other decep-tive techniques can be used to slow attackers down, however, such approaches have difficulty keeping up with the sheer number of vulnerabilities being discovered and attacking scripts that are being released. To address this issue, this paper describes an approach for applying concolic execution on attacking scripts in Nmap in …

Collaborative Multi-Resource Allocation In Terrestrial-Satellite Network Towards 6g, Shu Fu, Jie Gao, Lian Zhao

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Terrestrial-satellite networks (TSNs) are envisioned to play a significant role in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. In such networks, hot air balloons are useful as they can relay the signals between satellites and ground stations. Most existing works assume that the hot air balloons are deployed at the same height with the same minimum elevation angle to the satellites, which may not be practical due to possible route conflict with airplanes and other flight equipment. In this paper, we consider a TSN containing hot air balloons at different heights and with different minimum elevation angles, which creates the challenge of …

Enhanced Energy And Resource Recovery Via Synergistic Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Byproducts From Thermal Processing Of Wastewater Solids, Zhongzhe Liu, Matthew Hughes, Yiran Tong, Jizhi Zhoud, William Kreutter, Danny Valtierra, Simcha L. Singer, Daniel Zitomer, Patrick J. Mcnamara

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Wastewater sludge drying and incineration are conventional solids handling processes that are sometimes employed in water resource reclamation facilities. However, these two processes generate byproducts, sludge drying chaff and sludge incinerator ash, which are landfilled without taking advantage of their value. To gain value from these byproducts, a new synergistic catalytic pyrolysis process using chaff and ash was investigated in this study to improve energy production (i.e. generating a high yield pyrolysis gas) and generate useful products. Ash was used as a catalyst to decrease bio-oil that is corrosive and challenging for combustion in standard equipment, while increasing pyrolysis gas …

Design Mythbusters, Christopher Van Dyke, Steve Waddle, Doug Kreis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

When highway project designs depart from design values found in the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) Highway Design Manual and AASHTO’s A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, project managers at the agency must obtain either a design exception or design variance. While designers are more comfortable with exceptions and variances than they were 10 or 20 years ago, some hesitancy remains, especially among the Cabinet’s consultants. Misperceptions about what exceptions or variances entail or about their performance may underlie this reluctance. Exceptions and variances are best conceptualized as formal justifications for design decisions. Project managers merely need …

A Conceptual Efficient Design Of Energy Recovery Systems Using A New Energy-Area Key Parameter, Ibrahim H. Alhajri, Mamdouh A. Gadalla, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Energy integration in petrochemical and refining industries is an effective concept to minimize dependence on heating and cooling utilities through networks of exchanger equipment. Pinch Analysis is very popular and successful technique to optimize heat recovery between heat sources and sinks. Yet, design of networks of exchangers is challenging and requires careful attention to energy consumption and exchanger areas. This work presents a graphical methodology to design exchanger networks taking into account both heat loads and transfer areas of exchanger units in one single information. A new parameter is introduced for design that is the ratio between the heat load …

Investigation Of The Prevalence Of Faults In The Heating, Ventilation, And Air-Conditioning Systems Of Commercial Buildings, Amir Ebrahimifakhar

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation describes a large-scale investigation of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) fault prevalence in commercial buildings in the United States. A multi-year dataset with 36,556 pieces of HVAC equipment including air handling units (AHUs), air terminal units (ATUs), and packaged rooftop units (RTUs) was analyzed to determine values for several HVAC fault prevalence metrics. The primary source of data for this study comes from three commercial fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) providers. Since each FDD provider uses different terms to refer to the same fault in an HVAC system, a mapping function was created for each FDD provider’s dataset, …

Analyzing Internships In Construction Management Based On Student/Industry Interest And Experience, Jared C. Gormley

Construction Management

The goal of this research paper is to analyze feedback from both student interns, and the industry on whether there is a disconnect between what each group feels makes an internship beneficial or not. Research was done evaluating current Construction Management students with internship experience at Cal Poly, while also evaluating companies that have internship programs. This paper will provide student interns with insight from industry members regarding internship programs, and it will provide companies with insight from students regarding their experiences within internship programs. Two surveys were sent out, one to all Construction Management Students at Cal Poly, and …

Erratum: “Numerical Investigation Of Diesel Particulate Matter Dispersion In An Underground Development Face During Key Mining Activities”. [Adv. Powder Technol. 31 (2020) 3882–3896] (Advanced Powder Technology (2020) 31(9) (3882–3896), (S0921883120303691), (10.1016/J.Apt.2020.07.031)), Ping Chang, Guang Xu, Benjamin Mullins, S. Abishek, Mostafa Sharifzadeh

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The authors regret (M495), and the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, with in-kind support from Barminco, the SF6 measured data points provided by Chem Centre, and the computation resources provided by the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre with funding from the Australian Government and the Government of Western Australia.> The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

A Control Oriented Comprehensive Degradation Model For Battery Energy Storage System Life Prediction, Yaqi Zhu, Tazdik Plateau, Brody Riemann, Robert Landers, Jonghyun Park

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In order to ensure that stationary battery energy storage systems (BESSs) provide reliable energy buffering, both for power quality and economic purposes, the degradation must be considered. Cell degradation involves various side reactions and is highly dependent on its operating conditions. To accurately track cell degradation and predict its impact on battery behavior, a comprehensive physics-based degradation model based on an electrolyte phase-enhanced single particle (SP) model is developed. Key degradation physics, namely solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation and growth, Li plating on the graphite anode, and Mn dissolution on cathode of nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NMC622) are considered. The model …

Research Experiences Instrument: Validation Evidence For An Instrument To Assess The Research Experiences Of Engineering Ph.D. Students’ Professional Practice Opportunities, Eric A. Holloway, Kerrie A. Douglas, David F. Radcliffe, William C. Oakes

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background. There are long-held concerns about how graduate research programs prepare engineering Ph.D. students for professional practice. Suitable instruments are lacking to effectively assess how research experiences contribute to the success of graduate students becoming professionals.

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to examine evidence of internal reliability and validity of using the Research Experiences Instrument (REI) scores as a measure of engineering Ph.D. students’ professional practice opportunities in their research experiences.

Method. REI was constructed using an ontological framework. REI was administered twice to engineering Ph.D. students, once to a single university (n = 236) and …

Building Services Engineering November/December 2021

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Efficient Server-Aided Secure Two-Party Computation In Heterogeneous Mobile Cloud Computing, Yulin Wu, Xuan Wang, Willy Susilo, Guomin Yang, Zoe L. Jiang, Qian Chen, Peng Xu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the ubiquity of mobile devices and rapid development of cloud computing, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been considered as an essential computation setting to support complicated, scalable and flexible mobile applications by overcoming the physical limitations of mobile devices with the aid of cloud. In the MCC setting, since many mobile applications (e.g., map apps) interacting with cloud server and application server need to perform computation with the private data of users, it is important to realize secure computation for MCC. In this article, we propose an efficient server-aided secure two-party computation (2PC) protocol for MCC. This is the …

Meshfree Simulation And Experimental Validation Of Extreme Thermomechanical Conditions In Friction Stir Extrusion, Lei Li, Varun Gupta, Xiao Li, Anthony P. Reynolds, Glenn Grant, Ayoub Soulami

Faculty Publications

Friction stir extrusion (FSE) is a novel solid-phase processing technique that consolidates and extrudes metal powders, flakes, chips, or billets into high-performance parts by plastic deformation, which has the potential to save substantial processing time and energy. Currently, most studies on FSE are experimental and only a few numerical models have been developed to explain and predict the complex physics of the process. In this work, a meshfree simulation framework based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was developed for FSE. Unlike traditional grid-based methods, SPH is a Lagrangian particle-based method that can handle severe material deformations, capture moving interfaces and …

Evaluation Of Orthogonal Strain Components In Friction Extrusion, X Li, Md. Reza-E Rabby, M Ryan, G. Grant, Anthony P. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Friction extrusion is a thermomechanical process that combines conventional extrusion with the action of a rotating die. The plastic deformation of the material being sheared and extruded is the primary source of process heat and it produces strain distributions unlike those resulting from conventional extrusion. This paper proposes an improved strain analysis that evaluates three main strain components in a series of rate-controlled friction extrusions in which the steady state was achieved. Cylindrical AA1100 extrusion billets with two embedded markers were extruded to wire with a 10:1 diametral reduction. The shape change of the embedded markers was determined via serial, …

Additive Manufacturing Of Miniaturized Peak Temperature Monitors For In-Pile Applications, Kiyo T. Fujimoto, Yaqiao Wu, David Estrada

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Passive monitoring techniques have been used for peak temperature measurements during irradiation tests by exploiting the melting point of well-characterized materials. Recent efforts to expand the capabilities of such peak temperature detection instrumentation include the development and testing of additively manufactured (AM) melt wires. In an effort to demonstrate and benchmark the performance and reliability of AM melt wires, we conducted a study to compare prototypical standard melt wires to an AM melt wire capsule, composed of printed aluminum, zinc, and tin melt wires. The lowest melting-point material used was Sn, with a melting point of approximately 230 °C, Zn …

Additive Manufacturing Of Stainless Steel -- Copper Functionally Graded Materials Via Inconel 718 Interlayer, Xinchang Zhang, Lan Li, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The joining of dissimilar materials is becoming increasingly prevalent to integrate different material properties to enhance design flexibility and overall performance. This study introduced an innovative approach to additively manufacture copper on 316L stainless steel (SS316L) via Inconel 718 interlayers using directed energy deposition (DED). The novel multi-material structure was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The microstructure, tensile properties, microhardness, and thermal performance of the structure were characterized. Residual stress distribution over the structure was revealed by experimental-validated numerical modeling. The result exhibits that defect-free structures with excellent interfacial bonding can be achieved by introducing Inconel 718 interlayers. The bonding …

Analysis Of The Dispute Between American And Gulf Carriers In Aviation, Aminda Fernando

Senior Honors Theses

During the last decade, a significant disagreement has grown over unfair government financial subsidies in the aviation industry for Persian Gulf region carriers: $40 Billion US Dollars since 2000. The most prominent international airlines of North America, United, American, and Delta, have made claims on a white paper document directed toward the American government against the primary Persian Gulf region air carriers: Emirates, Qatar, and Etihad. Assertions made by both sides will be carefully scrutinized in this thesis with a fair analysis of both sides of the dispute over government aid in the aviation industry. This study also includes a …

A Comparative Study On Soil Stabilization Relevant To Transport Infrastructure Using Bagasse Ash And Stone Dust And Cost Effectiveness, Sudip Basack, Ghritartha Goswami, Hadi Khabbaz, Moses Karakouzian, Parinita Baruah, Niky Kalita

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Soft ground improvement to provide stable foundations for infrastructure is national priority for most countries. Weak soil may initiate instability to foundations reducing their lifespan, which necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method. Amongst various soil stabilization techniques, using appropriate admixtures is quite popular. The present study aims to investigate the suitability of bagasse ash and stone dust as the admixtures for stabilizing soft clay, in terms of compaction and penetration characteristics. The studies were conducted by means of a series of laboratory experimentations with standard Proctor compaction and CBR tests. From the test results it was observed …

Global 3d Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations Of Proto-Jupiter’S Convective Envelope, Zhaohuan Zhu, Yan-Fei Jiang, Hans Baehr, Andrew N. Youdin, Philip J. Armitage, Rebecca G. Martin

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

The core accretion model of giant planet formation has been challenged by the discovery of recycling flows between the planetary envelope and the disc that can slow or stall envelope accretion. We carry out 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations with an updated opacity compilation to model the proto-Jupiter’s envelope. To isolate the 3D effects of convection and recycling, we simulate both isolated spherical envelopes and envelopes embedded in discs. The envelopes are heated at given rates to achieve steady states, enabling comparisons with 1D models. We vary envelope properties to obtain both radiative and convective solutions. Using a passive scalar, we …

A Case Study On Gender Inequality In A Defense Setting, Nicole L. Hicks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Women are gaining education, skills, strength, and have adequate drive yet, gender inequality is still blocking their advancement into senior leadership especially in the United States (U.S.) Defense Industry. The purpose of this study was to explore gender inequality within organizational leadership, specifically within the Department of Defense (DoD) civilian sector, to identify potential barriers to ceasing the advancement of qualified women. The main research question driving this research is, what internal and external barriers exist in the defense department regarding the professional advancement of women and what factors contribute to advancement into leadership. Follow-up questions include how veteran status, …

Investigating Black Silicon Surface Geometry Via Parameter Modification And Low Flow Inductively Coupled Plasma Deep Reactive Ion Etching, Noah Mulherin Smith

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

An Interactive Software Tool To Assist Dsp Education Of Electrical And Computer Engineering Undergraduates Through Audio, Kyle Andrew Sellers

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Immobilization Of Lipase On Metal Organic Frameworks For Biodiesel Production, Reem L Husam Safwan Shoma

Theses

For the economical application of enzymatic processes in biodiesel production, lipase enzyme has to be used in immobilized form to allow easy retention and reuse. The main challenges facing the industrialization of the enzymatic process are the high mass transfer resistance, the tendency to adsorb the by-product glycerol onto the support matrix and poor operational stability. These problems can be solved by a good selection of supports of favourable surface characteristics and pore sizes. In that regard, increasing interest has recently been in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as a new kind of porous support for enzyme immobilization. Physical adsorption, which is …