Engineering Commons^™

Computation Of Dynamic Large Displacements In Earth Systems, Mohamed Fadel Succarieh, Jerry I. Lin, Ahmed-Waeil M. Elgamal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A model for the computation of seismically induced permanent displacements is earth structures are proposed. This model allows relative sliding between different zones of the structure under investigation. Large displacements are allowed between these zones. Elasto-plastic constitutive soil behavior is accounted for. An updated Lagrangian Jaumann Finite Element formulation is used. The proposed model is used to predict the observed behavior of LaVillita Dam during the November 15, 1975 earthquake.

Dynamic Response Analysis Of Ash-Retention Dam And Its Earthquake-Resistant Improvement, Nenghui Li, Jiamo Zhu, Zhujiang Shen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A nonlinear stress-strain static evaluation model and an equivalent visco-elastic dynamic evaluation model, which can simulate well the static and seismic behaviors of the ash deposit, as well as the methods for analyzing the dynamic response and for improving the earthquake-resistance of the ash-retention dam are presented and illustrated through a practical engineering project in the paper.

Dynamic Response Of Earth Dam-Foundation System, Lin Gao, Guan Fei

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A numerical procedure is proposed to analyze the seismic response of structure resting on layered medium. By this approach the effects of the dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) upon the response of earth dam on multi-layered half space subjected to seismic ground motions are studied. The dynamic responses of earth dams on rigid base are also evaluated to compare with those on a flexible homogenous half space. It is noted that great differences may arise between the results of the two cases. To investigate the influence of the truncated size of foundation in horizontal direction on the dynamic response of the …

Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method of inelastic seismic analysis of earth dams developed by the authors is used to study the response of the San Fernando and Santa Felicia dams to accelerograms recorded in the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake. The method involves two separate stages. In stage I, the dam is discretized into finite elements and is subjected to horizontal static inertia-like forces; its nonlinear deformation is computed using a plane strain code, while the applied horizontal forces are gradually increased until large enough strains develop in most elements of the dam. The results of this analysis are utilized to derive realistic …

Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently completed a seismic stability assessment of the Ririe Darn and Reservoir Project located near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Ririe Darn is an earth- and rockfill darn with a central impervious core constructed between 1966 and 1975 in a narrow canyon of Willow Creek. A geologic and seismologic study indicated that the controlling maximum credible earthquake (MCE} is a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake at a distance of 8 km from the darn. The seismic stability analysis included a dynamic response analysis of the darn using two-dimensional finite element procedures. Empirical relations derived from the observed response …

Modeling Of Observed Permanent Deformation At La Villita Dam, Mohamed Fadel Succarieh, Ahmed-Waeil M. Elgamal, Liping Yan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The observed behavior of La Villita dam in Mexico during five different earthquakes which have occurred in the period 1975-1985 is analyzed. Asymmetry observed in the recorded crest acceleration time histories is interpreted to be due to localized stick-slip behavior below the recording instrument. Yield acceleration associated with each stick-slip event can be inferred directly from these crest records. Values of observed average yield accelerations for the November 15, 1975 and September 19, 1985 earthquakes are used to predict the observed horizontal displacements during these earthquakes. Response of other soil systems involving stick-slip deformations during dynamic loading is also briefly …

Nonstationary Stochastic Seismic Response Analysis For Earth And Rockfill Dams, Wu Zaiguang, Lin Gao, Han Guocheng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this article, the time domain madal analysis technique for evaluating the nonstationary responses of linear systems is combined with the equivalent linearization approach for determining the stationary responses of nonlinear soil structures. A new analysis method is formed and the nonstationary responses of the earth and rockfill dam are calculated. The results from nonstationary analysis are compared with the ones from the stationary computations. The effectiveness of nonstationarity of input and output is investigated and the relevant conclusions are given.

Seismic Stability Of Hillslopes In Greater Cincinnati Area, M. Zoghi, A. Bodocsi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Slope stability problems involving colluvia on shale bedrock are common in the Greater Cincinnati Area. The behavior of these hillslopes during earthquakes is, however, not known. This gives cause to speculation whether they are vulnerable to earthquake vibrations. In order to verify the response of these slopes to earthquake induced ground motions, representative composite clay shale samples obtained from a typical colluvial hillside in Cincinnati were tested in a cyclic direct shear apparatus which was attached to a load cell from the MTS piston actuator. The samples were initially consolidated under a selected normal pressure and then sheared until residual …

Selection Of Method For Seismic Slope Stability Analysis, Neven Matasovic

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic stability of natural slopes in clayey materials is a subject about which much uncertainty still exists. Therefore, selection of the method for the seismic slope stability analysis is an important part of solving the problem. In this paper the basic elements of the pseudo-static method, the sliding block method and the Ishihara's method are discussed. A case history of seismic stability analysis of an Adriatic coast flysch slope has been employed to evaluate the applicability and reliability of these methods. The slope is treated as an infinite slope. Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn from a single …

General Report Session 7: Stability Of Slopes And Earth Dams Under Earthquakes, J. Lawrence Von Thun

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The papers received for this session may be classified into five general topic areas; the number of papers in each subtopic area is shown in parentheses.

1. Slope stability analysis incorporating dynamic loading Ÿanalysis methods (3)

Ÿdynamic effects on soil properties (2)

Ÿcase study (1)

2. Dynamic response of embankment dams

Ÿanalysis methods (5)

Ÿcase studies (2)

3. Dynamic deformation analysis

Ÿanalysis methods adapted for a specific case (3)

Ÿcomparison of analysis methods (1)

4. Dynamic deformation or stability analysis incorporating pore pressure development or liquefaction considerations Ÿanalysis methods (3)

Ÿanalysis methods developed for a specific case (2)

Ÿcase history …

Session 8: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Array Processing Of Rayleigh Waves For Shear Structure, T. G. Barker, J. L. Stevens

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Site response to earthquakes is strongly dependent on shallow shear wave velocity structure β(z), and evidence suggests that soil strength and liquefaction potential depends on it as well. We have determined β(z) at several sites by inversion of dispersion data from Rayleigh waves recorded on linear arrays of geophones using artificial sources. Improved methods have been developed for extracting phase and group velocities that lead to significantly more stable and accurate inversion results.

Session 10: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Generalized Rayleigh Waves In Layered Solid-Fluid Media, Hua Hui Tan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A finite-element method for the propagation of Rayleigh-type waves in layered solid-fluid media is presented. The method uses displacement as the only parameter to describe the solid and the fluid motions. A penalty function method and a selective integration technique are employed to change the elastic coefficient matrix of fluid from singular to nonsingular. Results obtained from the proposed method agree well with those obtained from available analytical solutions. The method can be used to study the propagation of Rayleigh-type waves in a two-dimensional, irregular solid-fluid system.

Investigation Of Stress Waves Reflection Problems From A Free Surface By Dynamical Photoelasticity Method, I. Ch. Kostin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Leak Detection In Large Storage Tanks Using Seismic Boundary Waves, M. Kashi, K. Maser, A. Sotoodehnia

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes a field evaluation of a technique for detecting leaks in large above ground storage tanks. The technique detects leaking tank products in the foundation material by sensing anomalies in seismic boundary waves transmitted across the tank bottom. The evaluation consisted of three steps: (1) investigation of surface (Rayleigh) wave anomalies due to surface soil saturation in linear arrays; (2) evaluation of boundary waves propagated across the bottom of typical tanks; and (3) a surface (Rayleigh) wave experiment using tomography to locate velocity changes due to surface soil saturation. The results of these tests have shown that boundary …

Soil Profiling By Spectral Analysis Of Surface Waves, T. Satoh, K. Yamagata, C. J. Poran, J. A. Rodriguez

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Methods for in-situ surface measurement and spectral analysis of Rayleigh waves for subsurface soil investigation have been tried by several researchers in recent years. The two most common methods, steady-state Rayleigh-wave and spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) have certain disadvantages and are not used for routine soil investigation. The paper presents a system which uses a controlled vibration source with amplitude modulation and variable frequency capabilities. The electromagnetic vibrator may be varied in size and weight according to the depth of the soil strata investigated. The Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves are used to compute apparent velocity distribution in depth. An approximate …

Three Dimensional Wave Propagation Due To Pile Driving, S. Savidis, A. Mitakidis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A very economical and efficient method to construct pile foundations or sheet walls is given by the driving of the pile itself in the case of prefabricated piles or of the steel-sheet pipe for concrete piles in situ and also by the driving of the sheet piles in the case of sheet walls. In spite of its efficiency this method underlies, because of environment protection reasons to certain restrictions that concern the influence of the produced shock waves during the driving procedure to neighboring buildings and constructions. For the theoretical calculation of this influence at first the free-field response of …

General Report Session 10: Wave Propagation In Soils, Chaim J. Poram

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Damage Criteria For Small Amplitude Ground Vibrations, K. Rainer Massarsch, Bengt B. Broms

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

European codes and recommendations have been reviewed with respect to critical vibration levels, causing damage to buildings. It was found that the variation of the vibration threshold levels was large between the different codes. A rational approach to assess the damage caused by ground vibrations is proposed, based on wave propagation theory. The wave length appears to be the most important parameter. The damage potential was found to be greatest when the length of the propagating wave is equal to or shorter than the length of the building. The wave length can be determined from the frequency and wave propagation …

Past Proceedings: Second International Conference On Recent Advances In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, St. Louis (1991), Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Behavior Of Slender Structures On Their Prestressed Foundations, Phong M. Luong

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A non-destructive vibratory testing, using impulsive tension slacking has been devised for the quality and safety control of overhead line towers. Several structural control experiments have been conducted on four-legged towers resting on three types of foundations: concrete stepped or pedestal blocks, steel piles and prestressed foundations. Experimental results have given significant vibratory signatures in close connection with the geotechnical response characteristics of both such slender structures and their foundations. The control of foundation mechanical behavior may be very useful in cases of earthquake resistant construction and design. This paper presents some significant results of the test program.

Dynamic Compliance Of Pile Group Considering Nonlinear Behavior Around Piles, Koichi Kobayashi, Shintaro Yao, Nozomu Yoshida

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Static and dynamic loading test of a foundation are carried out to obtain the behavior of a pile and a pile group. A conventional analysis based on the elastic wave theory are modified to obtain the complex rigidity of a pile group and are compared with the test results. It is shown that the analysis based on the conventional elastic wave theory are not enough to predict the dynamic behavior of piles since they do not take into account both the effect of slip and/or separation between the pile surface and the surrounding ground and the nonlinear behavior of the …

Dynamic Response Of Foundations On Two-Parameter Media, A. Alvapplllai, M. O. Faruque, M. Zaman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A finite element algorithm is presented to analyze the dynamic response of rectangular foundations resting on an elastic medium. The foundation is modeled by rectangular thin plate elements and the supporting elastic medium is represented by the two parameter model proposed by Vlasov. The natural frequencies of the foundation-elastic medium are investigated. A parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of the edge and corner forces, that are accounted for in the two parameter model, on the dynamic response of a plate subjected to a moving vertical force.

Dynamical Analysis Of Soil-Piles Interaction Systems Under Earthquake Type Loadings, Kensuke Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to investigate and discuss a theoretical prediction on the seismic response of pile groups in soil-structure interaction systems, the dynamic characteristics of piles surrounded by soil ground due to earthquake type disturbances in addition to those excited by the loadings at the head of piles. This paper is concerned with a theoretical analysis which is based on the three-dimensional wave propagation theory to find dynamic interaction characteristics of elastic pile groups embedded in the viscoelastic soil stratum on a rigid basis, under external forces concentrated at the head of piles and uniformly distributed bedrock motion. In dealing with …

Earthquake Resistant Piles Reinforced With Ground Walls, Yoshiaki Nagataki, Hiroaki Senoo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method for reducing earthquake load acting on piles by means of ground walls installed around pile foundation is proposed. First, a shaking table test was carried out. Test specimens are 1/40 scale structural models, which consist of soil, piles and a building with or without ground walls. The pile head moment of the specimens with ground walls show only 60% of that of the specimens without the ground walls. An FEM analysis was carried out for both cases and the results were compared with the test results. The comparison showed a good agreement. Furthermore, a simplified calculation method is …

Study And Design Of Earth Reinforced Structures Under Dynamic Efforts, Ammar Dhouib, Grant Knochenmus

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper aims at giving a synthesis of recent design methods of earth reinforced structures submitted to dynamic actions. In the first instance, we intend to tackle a comparative study on scaled - down models and on real works in reinforced earth. This study is led by the finite elements method. Secondly, we propose a simple method to design reinforced earth structures.

A Comparison And Study On Artificial Boundaries: Conceptual Aspects, Zifa Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper first analyzes the characteristics of various artificial boundaries (similarity and dissimilarity) and the derivation conditions of the boundaries. The problems involved in applying the artificial boundary in numerical computation and the solution to the problem are also discussed in the paper.

A Hybrid Modeling Of Soil Structure Interaction Problems, Celso Romanel, Tribikram Kundu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A hybrid method is proposed in this research for dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis of embedded structures within a multilayered elastic half-space. A near field region, containing the structure and a portion of soil surrounding it, is modeled by finite elements while the far field formulation is obtained through the classical wave propagation theory based on the assumption that the actual scattered wave fields can be represented by a set of line sources located at a depth corresponding to the center of mass of the structure under investigation. Traction reciprocity between the two regions is satisfied exactly while displacement continuity across …

Analysis Of Bridges For Seismic Hazard Mitigation In Kentucky, Yu Ouyang, Vincent P. Drnevich, David L. Allen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The priority routes have been selected for Western Kentucky which shares the most hazardous New Madrid seismic zone. As the vital links on the priority routes, bridges need to be protected from collapse during earthquakes in order to maintain the access to the route for subsequent emergency traffic. In this paper, a support-loss type of bridge collapse due to earthquake induced abutment sliding is analyzed and corresponding criteria to this type of collapse is established. The analysis methods for existing bridge abutment are advanced. A computer program based on the methods is developed and applied to evaluate the potential earthquake …