Review Of Integrated Pest Management In The Global Arena, By K. M. Maredia, D. Dakouo, And D. Mota-Sanchez,
2013
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Review Of Integrated Pest Management In The Global Arena, By K. M. Maredia, D. Dakouo, And D. Mota-Sanchez, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena is a large book with 39 chapters and >500 pages of text. Despite the wide range of topics and numerous contributing authors, the book is consistently well written and worth reading in its entirety or by selectively choosing particular topics. The book should be a welcome reference for researchers and extension personnel across disciplines as well as for policy makers in government agencies and nongovernmental organizations working to promote integrated pest management (IPM) and sustainable agriculture. The reader can select any chapter and find a relevant discussion of IPM. As someone who teaches …
Characterization Of Olfactory Sensilla Of Stomoxys
Calcitrans And Electrophysiological Responses To
Odorant Compounds Associated With Hosts And
Oviposition Media,
2013
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Characterization Of Olfactory Sensilla Of Stomoxys Calcitrans And Electrophysiological Responses To Odorant Compounds Associated With Hosts And Oviposition Media, K. Tangtrakulwanich, Han Chen, Frederick P. Baxendale, Gary J. Brewer, J. J. Zhu
Gary J. Brewer
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are economically important biting flies that have caused billions of dollars in losses in the livestock industry. Field monitoring studies have indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host location. To further our understanding of stable fly olfaction, we examined the antennal morphology of adults using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four major types of sensillum were found and classified as: (a) basiconic sensilla; (b) trichoid sensilla with three subtypes; (c) clavate sensilla, and (d) coeloconic sensilla. No significant differences between male and female flies in abundances (total numbers) of these sensillum types …
Sunflower Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Pattern Of Larval Distribution And Parasitism In Cultivated Sunflower Fields,
2013
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Sunflower Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Pattern Of Larval Distribution And Parasitism In Cultivated Sunflower Fields, Gary J. Brewer, Laurence D. Charlet
Gary J. Brewer
The sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius), is a major pest of commercial sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae), in the Plains area of central North America. Although an economic injury level for the sunflower beetle has been determined, in-field distributions of the larvae and their natural enemies have not been described. Over a three year period, fields were sampled for sunflower beetle larvae and for larvae of the endoparasitoid, Myiopharus macellus (Reinhard). Sunflower beetle larvae were generally found to have aggregated distributions. Knowledge of the distribution pattern will allow the development of more efficient sunflower beetle sampling protocols. Parasitism rates of …
Nepetalactones From Essential Oil Of Nepeta Cataria
Represent A Stable Fly Feeding And Oviposition Repellent,
2013
U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS-USDA)
Nepetalactones From Essential Oil Of Nepeta Cataria Represent A Stable Fly Feeding And Oviposition Repellent, J. J. Zhu, Dennis R. Berkebile, C. E. Dunlap, A. Zhang, D. Boxler, K. Tangtrakulwanich, R. Behle, Frederick P. Baxendale, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most serious pests to livestock. It feeds mainly on cattle and causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Standard stable fly control involving insecticides and sanitation is usually costly and often has limited effectiveness. As we continue to evaluate and develop safer fly control strategies, the present study reports on the effectiveness of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) oil and its constituent compounds, nepetalactones, as stable fly repellents. The essential oil of catnip reduced the feeding of stable flies by >96% in an in vitro bioassay system, compared …
Contact And Fumigant Toxicity Of A Botanical-Based Feeding
Deterrent Of The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae),
2013
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Contact And Fumigant Toxicity Of A Botanical-Based Feeding Deterrent Of The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), Junwei Zhu, Andrew Li, Sara Pritchard, Khanobporn Tangtrakulwanich, Frederick Baxendale, Gary Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been considered one of the most serious biting flies of confined and pastured livestock. The economic losses caused by the stable fly to the cattle industry in the United States exceed $2 billion annually. Current practices for managing stable flies using insecticides provide only marginal control. Insecticide resistance has also been recently reported in stable flies. The present study reports the use of plant-based insecticides, for example, essential oils, as alternatives for managing this fly pest. The toxicity of several plant essential oils and selected ingredient compounds was evaluated by contact and fumigant …
Screening Sunflower For Tolerance To Sunflower Midge Using The Synthetic Auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid,
2013
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Screening Sunflower For Tolerance To Sunflower Midge Using The Synthetic Auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Gary J. Brewer, Marc D. Anderson, N. V. Rama Raje Urs
Gary J. Brewer
The sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagné, causes economic damage by inducing abnormal growth in infested heads (capitula) of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether sunflower midge damage could be simulated and whether that simulated damage could be used to select midge-tolerant sunflower germplasm. An additional objective was to develop a quantitative alternative to the scoring systems used to visually estimate damage. Sunflower plants were treated by injecting buds with the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which resulted in a distortion of the head morphology that was similar in appearance to the damage …
Resistance In Sunflower And Interaction With Bacillus Thuringiensis For Control Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),
2013
North Dakota State University
Resistance In Sunflower And Interaction With Bacillus Thuringiensis For Control Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
Four sunflower accessions were compared with a susceptible check, hybrid ‘894’, in the greenhouse to determine their resistance to the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, and their interaction with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki. Antibiosis, expressed as lower larval weights, was detected in all of the accessions. In addition to being antibiotic, sunflower accession Ames 3291 was antixenotic to banded sunflower moth oviposition and exhibited an additional impact on larval weight when B. thuringiensis was applied. By itself, B. thuringiensis provided better control of banded sunflower moth than the resistance tested. However, banded sunflower moth-resistant sunflower would be a …
Sunflower Resistance To The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae),
2013
North Dakota State University
Sunflower Resistance To The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Huihua Gao, Gary Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
The red sunflowerseed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major insect pest of sunflower in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Economic damage is caused by the larvae which are internal seed feeders. During the 1992-1995 growing seasons, sunflower accessions were artificially infested and evaluated for resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil. Accessions 170411, 253417, and 170424 were resistant to the red sunflower seed weevil. Morphological types within accessions170411 and 170424 varied for seed and pollen color and resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil. The resistant variant of accession170424 had 45% of the seed damage of …
Within-Field Distribution Of The Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae),
2013
North Dakota State University
Within-Field Distribution Of The Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), E. W. Hodgson, I. V. Macrae, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
The sunßower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagne (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a pest of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Larval feeding can cause damage and yield loss to the sunflower head. Adult emergence is extended and larvae are well protected in the sunflower receptacle, making chemical control methods difficult and expensive. Sunflower midge enter sunflower fields at the edges but fieldwide distributions occur, although the dynamics are not fully understood. Two commercial fields in 1999 and one field in 2000 were systematically sampled by dividing each field into fixed sample points. Mean egg and larval densities from each sample point were used …
Sensitivity To 2,4-D In Sunflower As An Indicator Of Tolerance To The Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae),
2013
North Dakota State University
Sensitivity To 2,4-D In Sunflower As An Indicator Of Tolerance To The Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Marc D. Anderson, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
Nine sunflower hybrids were evaluated for their sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as measured by the production of ethylene. Sensitivity to 2,4-D was then compared with the degree of field tolerance to the sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagné, exhibited by each hybrid. For the hybrids evaluated, ethylene production increased with 2,4-D concentration and sensitivity to 2,4-D was inversely proportional to midge tolerance. The procedure may be useful in identifying midge tolerant germplasm.
Description Of Achene Damage By The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil, The Banded Sunflower Moth, And The Sunflower Moth,
2013
North Dakota State University
Description Of Achene Damage By The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil, The Banded Sunflower Moth, And The Sunflower Moth, Chengwang Peng, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
There are four major insect pests attacking achenes of sunflower in the Great Plains of North America (Charlet et al., 1987); the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the gray sunflower seed weevil, S. sordidus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae), and the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Identification of achenes damaged by larvae of these species is important for assessment of yield loss caused by each species (Peng and Brewer, 1995). Achenes infested by the gray sunflower seed weevil are easily identified because they are enlarged and protrude …
Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) As Vectors Of Bacillus Thuringiensis For Control Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),
2013
North Dakota State University
Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) As Vectors Of Bacillus Thuringiensis For Control Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
A study was conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine if honey bees, Apis mellifera L., could vector Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki from hives equipped with a pathogen applicator to sunflower capitula and if the amount of B. thuringiensis deposited on the capitula would be sufficient to control the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham. The study demonstrated that honey bees became contaminated with B. thuringiensis as they exited hives equipped with filled pathogen applicators and deposited enough B. thuringiensis on the capitula to cause banded sunflower moth larval mortality. When 2 methods of applying B. thuringiensis were compared, …
Median Lethal Concentration And Efficacy Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),
2013
North Dakota State University
Median Lethal Concentration And Efficacy Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
This study was conducted to determine dose-mortality response of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and its effect on sunflower seed damage and yield. Of B. thuringiensis products tested, Cutlass AF and Javelin WG had the lowest LC50 values and highest slopes and relative potencies for C. hospes. Javelin WG was superior to the other B. thuringiensis materials tested and to Asana XL in preventing seed damage. Sunflower heads sprayed with Javelin WG had higher yields than sunflower heads sprayed with Asana XL or the other B. thuringiensis products tested. Asana XL is a standard …
Sequential Sampling Plans For The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In Oilseed Sunflower,
2013
North Dakota State University
Sequential Sampling Plans For The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In Oilseed Sunflower, Chengwang Peng, Gary J. Brewer
Gary J. Brewer
Decision making on control of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, requires a reliable and efficient method for classifying the pest population. The objective of this study was to develop sequential sampling plans for red sunflower seed weevil control in oilseed sunflower. Sequential classification sampling plans were developed from Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) by using a negative binomial distribution. Operating characteristic and average sample number functions were computed for a range of k values. Two sampling plans were developed for the economic thresholds of six and eight weevils per sunflower head, based on a k value …
Waveform Library For Chinch Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Blissidae): Characterization Of Electrical Penetration Graph Waveforms At Multiple Input Impedances, Elaine A. Backus, Murugesan Rangasamy, Mitchell Stamm, Heather J. Mcauslane, Ron Cherry
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Electrical penetration graph (EPG) monitoring has been used extensively to elucidate mechanisms of resistance in plants to insect herbivores with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Characterization of waveforms produced by insects during stylet probing is essential to the application of this technology. In the studies described herein, a four-channel Backus and Bennett AC-DC monitor was used to characterize EPG waveforms produced by adults of two economically important chinch bug species: southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, feeding on St. Augustinegrass, and western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, feeding on buffalograss. This is only the third time a heteropterans species has been recorded by …
Effects Of Flight On Gene Expression And Aging In The Honey Bee Brain And Flight Muscle,
2013
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Effects Of Flight On Gene Expression And Aging In The Honey Bee Brain And Flight Muscle, Joseph W. Margotta, Georgina E. Mancinelli, Azucena A. Benito, Andrew Ammons, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Honeybees Move through a Series of In-Hive Tasks (E.g., "Nursing") to Outside Tasks (E.g., "Foraging") that Are Coincident with Physiological Changes and Higher Levels of Metabolic Activity. Social Context Can Cause Worker Bees to Speed Up or Slow Down This Process, and Foragers May Revert Back to their Earlier In-Hive Tasks Accompanied by Reversion to Earlier Physiological States. to Investigate the Effects of Flight, Behavioral State and Age on Gene Expression, We Used Whole-Genome Microarrays and Real-Time PCR. Brain Tissue and Flight Muscle Exhibited Different Patterns of Expression during Behavioral Transitions, with Expression Patterns in the Brain Reflecting Both Age …
Assessing Insecticide Hazard To Bumble Bees Foraging On Flowering Weeds In Treated Lawns,
2013
University of Kentucky
Assessing Insecticide Hazard To Bumble Bees Foraging On Flowering Weeds In Treated Lawns, Jonathan L. Larson, Carl T. Redmond, Daniel A. Potter
Entomology Faculty Publications
Maintaining bee-friendly habitats in cities and suburbs can help conserve the vital pollination services of declining bee populations. Despite label precautions not to apply them to blooming plants, neonicotinoids and other residual systemic insecticides may be applied for preventive control of lawn insect pests when spring-flowering weeds are present. Dietary exposure to neonicotinoids adversely affects bees, but the extent of hazard from field usage is controversial. We exposed colonies of the bumble bee Bombus impatiens to turf with blooming white clover that had been treated with clothianidin, a neonicotinoid, or with chlorantraniliprole, the first anthranilic diamide labeled for use on …
On Hypogean Roncocreagris (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) From Portugal, With Descriptions Of Three New Species,
2013
Universidade de Aveiro
On Hypogean Roncocreagris (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) From Portugal, With Descriptions Of Three New Species, Ana Reboleira, Juan Zaragoza, Fernando Gonçalves, Pedro Oromí
Ana Sofia P.S. Reboleira
Three new hypogean species of the Iberian genus Roncocreagris Mahnert, 1974 are described from mainland Portugal: R. borgesi sp. nov. and R. gepesi sp. nov. from caves in the Sicó massif, and R. occidentalis sp. nov. from caves in the Montejunto and Cesaredas karst plateau. This brings to nine the number of known hypogean species of the mostly Iberian genus Roncocreagris: five from Portugal and four from Spain. Ecological comments and new localities for some of the previously known species are also included.
Ectoparasites Of The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana), Raccoon (Procyon Lotor), And Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) From Keith County, Nebraska,
2013
Georgia Southern University
Ectoparasites Of The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana), Raccoon (Procyon Lotor), And Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) From Keith County, Nebraska, Lance A. Durden, Dennis J. Richardson
Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies
Six Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), nine raccoons (Procyon lotor) and one striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) collected from Keith County Nebraska were examined for ectoparasites. All three host species were parasitized by adults of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis. Opossums were also parasitized by the flea Pulex simulans and the tiny fur mite Didelphilichus serrifer; the latter species represents a new state record for Nebraska. Raccoons were also parasitized by P. simulans and by the lagomorph-associated flea Euhoplopsyllus glacialis affinis, whereas the skunk was also parasitized by the chewing louse Neotrichodectes …
Juvenile Hormone And Insulin Regulate Trehalose Homeostasis In The Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum,
2013
University of Kentucky
Juvenile Hormone And Insulin Regulate Trehalose Homeostasis In The Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum, Jingjing Xu, Zhentao Sheng, Subba R. Palli
Entomology Faculty Publications
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) has been well studied for its role in the control of life span extension and resistance to a variety of stresses. The Drosophila melanogaster insulin-like receptor (InR) mutant showed extended life span due to reduced juvenile hormone (JH) levels. However, little is known about the mechanism of cross talk between IIS and JH in regulation of life span extension and resistance to starvation. In the current study, we investigated the role of IIS and JH signaling in regulation of resistance to starvation. Reduction in JH biosynthesis, JH action, or insulin-like peptide 2 (ILP2) syntheses by RNA interference …
