Physiology Commons^™

Chairing Transition: Leading A Department Through A Merger, David M. Keller

Academic Chairpersons Conference Proceedings

This session will focus discussion on the impact of merging pre-existing departments and/or colleges to form a new entity on Chair leadership strategies. Participants will discuss factors to be considered to ensure successful transition for the department and maximize growth in the new entity.

Reduced Regional Cerebral White Matter Perfusion In Middle-Aged Hispanic Adults, Evan P. Pasha, Takashi Tarumi, Mitzi M. Gonzales, Miriam E. Pearman, Andrean P. Haley, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Hispanics are at least 1.5 times more likely at any age past 55 years to have mild cognitive impairment and manifest dementia symptoms 7 years earlier than non-Hispanic Caucasians. Regional cerebral hypoperfusion has been implicated as an initial event in the pathogenesis of dementia. Aim: To compare cerebral perfusion in brain regions known to be susceptible to vascular related hypoperfusion in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian adults. Methods: Apparently healthy middle-aged Hispanic (n=16) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (n=16) subjects were matched across age, gender, years of education, and cognitive status. Arterial spin labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI ...

High-Density Lipoprotein Antioxidant Responses To High-Intensity Interval And Steady-State Moderate-Intensity Exercise, Zacharias Papadakis, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Annie A. Bane, Taylor Kyle, Li Qian, Flor Elisa Morales Marroquín, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) may impart health benefits beyond what is acquired through moderate-intensity steady state exercise (SSE). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), may be altered with exercise; however, it is unclear whether HIIE provides a greater stimulus for increasing PON1 antioxidant activity than a comparable or greater amount of SSE. PURPOSE: Determine the influence of HIIE on PON1 concentration and activity relative to a comparable amount of moderate-intensity SSE and a dose that is half that of SSE. METHODS: Seventeen male participants (age 27.8 + 6.4 yr; weight 80.6 + 9.0 kg ...

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Markers Of Hepatic Inflammation During Weight-Loss, Andrew Seija, Kaylee E. Poole, Kevin Eck, Matthew Harris, Tayler N. Nick, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a continuum that begins with accumulation of lipid in hepatic cells progressing to hepatic steatosis with inflammation (steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Weight-loss using dietary modification and physical activity are common strategies used for the treatment of NAFLD; however, it remains to be determined the effects of physical activity on hepatic inflammation during weight-loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic role of physical activity on plasma and hepatic inflammatory markers during weight-loss. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low-fat (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high-fat (HFD; 60% kcal fat ...

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism During Weight-Loss, Kaylee Poole, Andrew Seija, Kevin Eck, Matthew Harris, Tayler Nick, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops as a result of physical inactivity and overnutrition. Changing dietary behaviors and increasing physical activity are common strategies used for weight-loss; however, it remains unclear what additional benefits are provided by incorporating physical activity in a weight-loss program for the treatment of NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to determine how physical activity reduces hepatic steatosis and changes the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes during weight-loss. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low-fat (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high-fat (HFD; 60% kcal fat) diet for 10-weeks. Following 10-weeks, the HFD group ...

Effects Of Fish Oil Supplementation On Post-Resistance Exercise Muscle Soreness In Untrained Females, Grant M. Tinsley, Joshua J. Gann, Stefan R. Huber, Paul M. La Bounty, Rodney G. Bowden, Thomas L. Andre, Paul M. Gordon, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil may help alleviate symptoms of delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and improve recovery from exercise.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of fish oil supplementation on the time-course of post-resistance exercise muscle soreness in young untrained females.

METHODS: Seventeen non-resistance trained females (age 23.6 ± 3.0 y, % fat 27.4 ± 3.2, weight 60.2 ± 9.6 kg) were randomized into one of two groups: fish oil (6 g/d; 5:1 EPA:DHA) or placebo (6 g/d corn/soy oil). After consuming the supplements for one ...

Controlled Cold Water And Water Slushy Ingestion, And Heat Performance In Subjects Of Average Fitness, Samantha N. Cantu, Christopher M. Hearon, Matthew V. Bliss, Ryan Fiddler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Fluid ingestion is known to improve exercise performance and could lead to a heat sink effect, if cold enough. While research has been conducted on the influence of hydration in exercise performance, little has been done which consider beverages’ temperature during controlled consumption. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of controlled consumption of water at different temperatures on heat performance in subjects of average fitness. METHODS: Fifteen males, ages 18-29, with no prior heat illness were recruited. Subjects were tested for body composition and peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) prior to testing. All subjects underwent three experimental trials [cold water (CD ...

Effect Of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability On Cutaneous Microvascular Function In Healthy Young African Americans, Kiyoung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

We have recently demonstrated impaired microcirculatory function in healthy young African Americans (AAs) as indexed by attenuated cutaneous vasodilation during local heating. The mechanisms resulting in this impairment are multifactorial; however, recent evidence suggests that decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a primary contributor. PURPOSE: To expand our previous findings and determine if this reduced microvascular vasodilatory response in AAs is related to a decrease in NO bioavailability. We hypothesized that NO dependent cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating is lower in healthy young AAs relative to age / sex / body mass matched Caucasians (CA). METHOD: To date 9 healthy ...

3-Nitrotyrosine And Soluble Vascular And Intracellular Adhesion Molecule Responses To High-Intensity Interval And Steady-State Moderate-Intensity Exercise, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Zacharias Papadakis, Annie A. Bane, J. Kyle Taylor, Li Qian, Flor Elisa Morales Marroquín, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vascular endothelium may respond differently to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) when compared to moderate-intensity steady state exercise (SSE). We hypothesized that greater sympathetic stimulation of soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and greater oxidative and nitrative stress on the vascular endothelium may transiently result from HIIE. PURPOSE: Determine the influence of HIIE on sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), a marker of nitric oxide-dependent reactive nitrogen species and nitrative stress, relative to a comparable amount of moderate-intensity SSE and a dose that is half that of SSE. METHODS: Seventeen male participants (age 27.8 + 6.4 yr ...

The Positive Effects Of Acute Resistance Exercise On Blood Lipid Profiles In College-Aged Men, Farzana F. Alam, Jin K. Park, Neil A. Schwarz, Ashley P. Lamar, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Low- to moderate-intensity exercise has been widely recommended for people at any age to improve cardiovascular health due to its positive effects on blood lipids and lipoproteins. Recently, many people have been participating in not only low- to moderate-intensity, but high-intensity exercise as well in order to improve their cardiovascular health. However, it is unclear whether high-intensity exercise, particularly resistance exercise, can positively influence blood lipids and lipoproteins. Purpose: The current study examined the effects of low- and high-intensity of resistance exercise on changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins. Methods: In a randomized, cross-over design, 10 healthy recreationally resistance-trained (at ...

Changes In Creatine Phosphokinase Isoenzymes After Varying Levels Of Resistance Exercise, Ashley Lamar, Yunsuk Koh, Jin K. Park, Farzana Alam

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Creatine phosphokinase (CK) isoenzymes are found in various tissues, such as skeletal muscle (CK-MM), cardiac muscle (CK-MB), and the brain (CK-BB). Elevated CK isoenzymes indicate damage or injury to specific tissue. Using CK isoenzymes as a marker in order to indicate muscle damage as a result of different degrees of resistance exercise has not been clearly examined. Purpose: To determine the changes in CK isoenzymes following resistance exercise at different intensities. Methods: Ten healthy recreationally resistance-trained (at least 3 - 6 days per week for a minimum of one year) men participated in the study. The participants performed a lower body ...

Leg Lean Mass Adaptations Following Short-Term Barbell Training In Women, Jacob A. Mota, Matt S. Stock, Kendra D. Olinghouse, Alexander S. Drusch, Brennan J. Thompson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Participation in a resistance training program results in both neural adaptations and increases in lean body mass, the latter of which is considered a slow process. The majority of previous investigations that have examined the time course associated with muscular adaptations have utilized exercise machines or single-joint movements. Furthermore, the adaptations associated with resistance training in women are not as well understood as those for men. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a four week resistance training intervention on changes in leg lean mass in untrained, college-aged women. Thirty-five women (mean ± SD age = 21 ± 3 ...

Changes In Arterial Stiffness And Blood Pressure During Various Vascular Reactivity Tests, Jisok Lim, Miriam Pearman, Mohammed Alkatan, Daniel Machin, Wonil Park, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Increased arterial stiffness is an independent prognosis marker of elevated cardiovascular risks. However, some investigators have questioned the utility of arterial stiffness above and beyond the traditional blood pressure (BP) measurement as the change in arterial stiffness is often accompanied by the corresponding change in BP. Although the associations between chronic levels of arterial stiffness and BP have been fairly well studied, it is not clear if and how much arterial stiffness is influenced by acute changes in BP. PURPOSE: We determined magnitudes of BP-dependence of arterial stiffness during acute BP perturbations. METHODS: Thirty apparently healthy subjects (46±4 years ...

Passive Hyperthermia Therapy Similarly Reduces Arterial Blood Pressure In Obese Type 2 Diabetic And Healthy Individuals, Eric Rivas

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Diabetes which is associated with impaired glycemic control, can damage macro and microvasculature, and impair vascular relaxation (i.e., endothelial dysfunction). The high thermal conductance of hot water will cause thermoregulatory adjustments that increase cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume while reducing central venous pressure. This project tested the hypothesis that an acute bout of hot water hyperthermia will reduce arterial blood pressure during and following the exposure, but the response will be attenuated in obese type 2 diabetics. Eleven obese type 2 diabetics (T2D) (50.1 ± 12 y, 45 ± 7.1% fat mass, 7.5 ± 1.8% HbA1C ...

The Effects Of Ammonia Inhalants On Anaerobic Performance Following A Simulated American Football Game, Joseph R. Secrest, Eric J. Jones, Mark Faries, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ammonia inhalants (AI) are anecdotally referred to as ergogenic aids in the realm of aggressive team/lifting sports. However, the efficacy of AI usage has yet to be established or reported to our knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the effects of AI’s on anaerobic performance following a simulated American football game (SAFG) in a climate controlled setting (35.8 °C, 27.5% RH). METHODS: Ten apparently healthy anaerobically trained college-aged males participated dressed in American football apparel, excluding the helmet. Each subject participated in two trials, 136 minutes each, separated by a minimum of ...

Pre-Prandial Vinegar Ingestion Improves Two-Hour Glucose Control In Older, Type Ii Diabetics More Than Post-Prandial Walking, Sarah J. Taylor, Matthew J. Garver, Anna E. Ciufo, Taylor G. Flowers, Chase M. Harbach, Austin A. Ray, Cory M. Scheadler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Exercise engagement benefits diabetic patients through an insulin-like effect on muscle. Literature indicates that vinegar consumption may lower blood glucose levels. It is not currently clarified whether a relative amount of vinegar ingestion or a walking bout is more effective at controlling glucose in older, Type II diabetics during the acute phase following a meal. Purpose: The aim was to directly compare the impact of preferred-pace walking (15 min, postprandial) versus ingestion of a relative quantity of vinegar (0.3 g/kg) on two-hour glucose control. Methods: The two arms of the trial were completed in a randomized, crossover ...

Role Of High-Intensity Resistance Exercise In Vascular Inflammation In Recreationally Trained Men, Jin K. Park, Neil Schwarz, Darryn Willoughby, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) are known as vascular inflammatory markers and play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Although low to moderate intensity exercise may positively influence inflammatory markers, the role of high-intensity resistance exercise in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 has not been fully examined. The current study examined the effects of resistance exercise at different intensities (low vs. high) on acute responses of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. In a randomized, cross-over design, 10 recreationally trained (resistance-trained 3 to 6 days per week for at least one year) college-aged men performed a ...

Thermoregulatory Dysfunction In Multiple Sclerosis Patients During Moderate Exercise In A Thermoneutral Environment, Mu Huang, Nathan Morris, Ollie Jay, Scott Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Impairments in sudomotor function during passive heat stress have been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the CNS that disrupts autonomic function. However, little is known regarding exercise induced increases in core body temperature on thermoregulatory mechanisms in MS. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that thermoregulatory function is impaired in MS patients compared to healthy controls (CN) during moderate exercise. Thermoregulatory function in five patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS and five mass-matched healthy controls were compared during a single bout of cycling exercise (fixed workload of 70 Watts) for 30-60 minutes ...

Influence Of Decompression Rate On Hemodynamic Compensation To Continuous Lower Body Negative Pressure, Edward J. St. John Jr., William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

We applied lower body negative pressure (LBNP) continuously, at three decompression rates, in an attempt to simulate uncontrolled hemorrhage as might be experienced by victims of traumatic injury. The purpose of our study was to determine whether hemodynamic compensations to simulated hemorrhage depend more on the magnitude, or the rate of change in pressure applied. Forty five (45) young, healthy subjects participated. We recorded the electrocardiogram, beat-to-beat arterial pressure (finger photoplethysmography), and measured cardiac output (inert gas rebreathing to calculate stroke volume) during continuous LBNP applied at three different decompression rates (n = 15 subjects for each rate; slow = 3 mm ...

Lower Extremity Proprioception And Physical Performance Testing: A Correlation Study, Danielle Aguilar, Erin Drozd, Clara Borja, Dr.Jason Winchester, Dr. Chad Jackson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Proprioception is a function of the somatosensory system which has implications for activities of daily living, athletic endeavors, and risk of injury. It has been suggested that athletes who sustain injuries may have decreased proprioception and a corresponding increase in the risk of re-injury. Interventions for injury prevention and/or recovery may include, but are not limited to, emphasis on proprioceptive ability via joint position awareness. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a correlation exists between proprioceptive ability and other components of physical performance such as lower body muscular power and change of direction. It was hypothesized ...