Physiology Commons^™

Reflective Blankets Do Not Effect Cooling Rates After Running In Hot, Humid Conditions, Kory A. Reynolds, John Jacob Evanich, Lindsey E. Eberman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 97-103, 2015. Reflective blankets (RB) are often provided at the conclusion of endurance events, even in extreme environments. The implications could be dangerous if increased core body temperature (CBT) is exacerbated by RB. To evaluate the effect of RB on cooling rate for individuals walking or sitting after intense running. Pilot, randomized control trial experimental design. Environmental chamber. Recreational runners (age=25±5y; mass=76.8±16.7kg; height=177±9cm) completed an 8km (actual mean distance=7.5±1.1km). We randomly assigned participants into one of four groups: walking with blanket ...

Resistance Training Recovery: Considerations For Single Vs. Multi-Joint Movements And Upper Vs. Lower Body Muscles, John A. Korak, James M. Green, Eric K. O'Neal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 85-96, 2015. This study examined muscle recovery patterns between single-joint (SJ) versus multi-joint (MJ), and upper-body (UB) versus lower-body (LB) exercises and the utility of perceptual measures (ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived recovery scale (PRS)) to assess recovery status. A 10 rep max (10-RM) was determined for 6 SJ and 4 MJ exercises (5 UB and 5 LB) for male recreational weightlifters (n = 10). Participants completed a baseline protocol including 8 repetitions at 85% of 10-RM followed by a set to failure with 100% of 10-RM. In a counter-balanced crossover design ...

The Acute Effect Of Hip External Rotator Stretches On Hip Internal Rotation Range Of Motion, Cody B. Bremner, Tedd J. Girouard, Michelle N. Samuel, Catherine L. Turner, Antonio S. Santo, John A. Mercer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1): 75-84, 2015. The effects of static stretching on range of motion have been widely studied. However, most of the research has focused on hamstring stretching. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of two commonly used static stretches on hip internal rotation passive range of motion (HIR-PROM). Participants (N=30, 15 male, 15 female; 22±1.8 yrs.; 173.5±8.5cm; 73.8±12.7 kg) were randomly assigned (with gender controlled) to one of three groups: control, figure 4 stretch and modified lunge stretch. Pre-test and post-test ...

Acute High Intensity Anaerobic Training And Rhabdomyolysis Risk, William Goodenkauf, Matt Heesch, Brent Hassenstab, Robert J. Shute, Dustin Slivka

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 65-74, 2015. The current popularity of high intensity anaerobic training has caused concerns over the safety and prevalence of conditions such as rhabdomyolysis; thus it is important to understand the possible risks of participating in this type of activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of muscle damage associated with a single high intensity anaerobic training session, and the relationship of this response to markers of fitness. Fifteen recreationally trained male participants (age 22.9 ± 4.3 y, mass 87.3 ± 15.6 kg, body fat 16.8 ± 6 ...

The Effects Of Vascular Occlusion Training On Respiratory Exchange Ratio And Energy Expenditure When Coupled With Cardiovascular Training, Justin Sprick, Richard Lloyd, James Eldridge

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 57-64, 2015. Vascular occlusion training is a novel training modality that has received considerable attention in the exercise science literature. The current study is the first of its kind to look at the effects of vascular occlusion training on substrate utilization when combined with aerobic training. This study examined the effects of pairing a vascular occlusion training protocol with a bout of submaximal aerobic exercise on energy expenditure (EE) and fuel use during exercise. Subjects performed a 20 minute bout of sub-maximal aerobic exercise either exclusively, or after performing a body weight squat ...

The Effects Of A 12-Week Faculty And Staff Exercise Program On Health-Related Variables In A University Setting, Michael J. Rebold, Mallory S. Kobak, Kylene Peroutky, Ellen L. Glickman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 49-56, 2015. The obesity epidemic has grown in the past decade due to physical inactivity (i.e., having a sedentary job) and an increase in caloric intake. This problem combined with the reluctance of many faculty and staff members exercising in the same environment as student’s presents a unique challenge in an academic setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 12-week exercise program focused toward the faculty and staff in improving several health-related variables such as curl-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach, and balance. Fifty-seven faculty and staff participated ...

Functional Performance In Older Adults After A Combination Multicomponent Exercise Program And Bingo Game, K. Jason Crandall, Ciaran Fairman, James Anderson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 38-48, 2015. Inexpensive exercise interventions are needed to attract and retain older adults to participate in sufficient amounts of exercise to improve functional performance (FP). This study examined the addition of a program enhancing game, bingo, to a multicomponent exercise program (Bingocize^TM). Older adults (18 women, M age = 75.1 (8.63) years, participated 2 days per week (45- 60 minute sessions) for 10 weeks. Participants sat at tables with bingo cards, balance pads, and exercise bands. Exercises were alternated with rolls of bingo until a participant won the bingo game. Pre ...

Use Of Sports Science Knowledge By Turkish Coaches, Koray Kilic, Mustafa Levent Ince

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 21-37, 2015. The purpose of this study is to examine the following research questions in Turkish coaching context: a) What are coaches’ perceptions on the application of sport science research to their coaching methods? b) What sources do coaches utilize to obtain the knowledge they need? c) What barriers do coaches encounter when trying to access and apply the knowledge they need for their sport? In addition, differences in research questions responses were examined based on gender, years of coaching experience, academic educational level, coaching certificate level, coaching team or individual sports, and ...

Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration And Resistance Exercise On Cortisol Levels In Young Men, Zhaojing Chen, Pragya Sharma-Ghimire, Xin Ye, Daeyeol Kim, Michael Bemben, Debra A. Bemben

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 11-20, 2015. Few studies have focused on the acute hormone responses to whole-body vibration (WBV) combined with resistance exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the cortisol response to a single bout of WBV combined with resistance exercise (WBV + RE) and resistance exercise only (RE) in young men (n=9). This study used a cross-over repeated measures design. 1-RM testing was performed for four lower body and two upper body isotonic resistance exercises. Subjects performed the RE condition (80% 1-RM, three sets, 10 reps) and the WBV+RE condition (20 Hz ...

Actual Versus Predicted Cardiovascular Demands In Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Testing, Amanda M. Hoehn, Megan J. Mullenbach, Charles J. Fountaine

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 4-10, 2015. The Astrand-Rhyming cycle ergometer test (ARCET) is a commonly administered submaximal test for estimating aerobic capacity. Whereas typically utilized in clinical populations, the validity of the ARCET to predict VO_2max in a non-clinical population, especially female, is less clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the ARCET in a sample of healthy and physically active college students. Subjects (13 females, 10 males) performed a maximal cycle ergometer test to volitional exhaustion to determine VO_2max. At least 48 hours later, subjects performed the ARCET ...

2014 International Journal Of Exercise Science Reviewer List

International Journal of Exercise Science

2014 International Journal of Exercise Science Reviewer List. International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 1-3, 2015.

The Effects Of Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol Toxicity On The Gills Of Larval Sea Lamprey And Non-Target Rainbow Trout And Lake Sturgeon, Lisa A. Sorensen

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The pesticide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), is widely used in the Great Lakes to control invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) populations, but much about its sub-lethal effects remains unknown. A better understanding of its toxicity is needed to improve TFM effectiveness and to protect non-target organisms from its potential adverse effects. The objectives of this thesis were to test the following two hypotheses: (1) impairment of mitochondrial ATP production by TFM interferes with ATP-dependent ion-uptake by fish, leading to altered electrolyte balance, and (2) perturbations of gill function by TFM are exacerbated in soft, ion poor water (SW; 40 mg CaCO_{3 ...}

Assessing Computer Vision Syndrome Risk For Pilots, Curt Mowry, David Ison

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The purpose of this study was to determine if pilots are at risk for computer vision syndrome (CVS) as computer display technology becomes commonplace in modern cockpits and simulators. A review of computer vision syndrome respect to causes and effects is provided. Display technology used in aircraft and simulators are outlined. Ergonomics and human factors for pilots in aircraft and in simulators are discussed in relation to video displays. A survey of 178 individuals was conducted to determine if there is a statistically significant link between exposure to computer displays and three categories of symptoms of CVS on the flight ...

Mcnamara 201412 Nih Scap Innocentive Challenge Solution - T-Bow Rainbow T-Cells And Tumor Cells Spatial Multiplexing Gene Expression Reporter System – Plus Supplement Plus Posters - 20141228s, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

McNamara 201412 NIH SCAP InnoCentive Challenge Solution - T-Bow Rainbow T-cells and Tumor Cells Spatial Multiplexing Gene Expression Reporter System – plus supplement plus posters - 20141228S

The download is my/Cooper lab solution (submission) to the 2014 NIH Single Cell Analysis Program (SCAP) InnoCentive Challenge, "Follow That Cell". I submitted the Solution on 20141215Mon (with 20 minutes to spare). The Challenge web page is

https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933618

Our Solution is to revolutionize live cell transcriptional reporter assays. Specifically, we propose to multiplex five promoter response elements to drive expression of different color fluorescent proteins that would bind to ...

Prostate Field Cancerization -- Thinking Outside The Tumor, Dor Shoshan, Marco Bisoffi

Undergraduate Student Research Day Abstracts and Posters

Prostate field cancerization (or field effect) is characterized by the presence of molecular alterations in histologically normal tissues adjacent to adenocarcinomas. Accordingly, our research indicates deregulated expression of several proteins that define this type of molecular pathology. The scope of the present study was to determine the expression of the key transcription factor and potential marker of field cancerization early growth response 1 (EGR-1) in human prostate tissues derived from prostatectomies and biopsy cores.

EGR-1 was detected by immunofluorescence using a polyclonal anti-human EGR-1 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibodies. EGR-1 expression was quantitated by determining the pixel count per ...

Low Temperature Tolerance Of Adult Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Ruth Jakobs

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The crop pest Drosophila suzukii, native to Southeast Asia, has been found in Ontario since 2010. This raises concern with respect to it establishing permanent populations, however, little is known about its cold tolerance. I investigated the low-temperature tolerance, including phenotypic plasticity, of D. suzukii. While acclimation increased cold tolerance, there was no evidence of short-term cold-hardening. Chill coma occurs at -1.2 °C, which will limit winter activity. Cold shock decreased the reproductive output of females, but this negative effect may be mitigated by re-mating. Drosophila suzukii is chill-susceptible and 80 % of the flies die after exposure to -7 ...

Exploring The Glucocorticoid Actions Of 1Α-Hydroxycorticosterone (1Α-Oh-B) In The Elasmobranch Fishes, Faith Nichole Lambert

Master's Theses

The corticosteroid 1α-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-OH-B) is unique to the elasmobranch fishes. It is thought that 1α-OH-B acts as both the primary glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid (MC) in these fishes, a dual role analogous to that of cortisol in the teleost fishes. The MC characteristics of 1α-OH-B are well supported, but data supporting its GC functions are lacking. In this study, the putative GC actions of 1α-OH-B were examined. The first experiment characterized the physiological stress response of the Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina) to air exposure, with particular regards to the roles of corticosteroids and metabolic fuels. Results demonstrate that corticosteroids increase ...

Characterization Of Aldh Positive Cells In The Human Fetal Pancreas, Amanda Oakie

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme that regulates differentiation during pancreatic development, but determining the role of ALDH during endocrine differentiation is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to characterize transcription factors (TFs) and putative stem cell surface markers in ALDHhi or ALDHlo populations of the human fetal pancreas (18-22 weeks of age), and examine their expansion and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Cell surface marker analysis demonstrated high co-localization of the stem cell marker CD133 with ALDHhi cells. ALDHhi cells also contained higher expression of islet- associated TFs and insulin. Expansion of sorted ALDHhi cells ...

The Reduction Of Metabolic Cost While Using Handrail Support During Inclined Treadmill Walking Is Dependent On The Handrail-Use Instruction, Cory Hofmann, Connor Dougherty, Hagop Abkarian, Michele Fox, Paul Juris

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 339-345, 2014. Inclined treadmill walking is a commonly performed activity to increase cardiovascular health. Handrail support on a treadmill provides an individual the opportunity to change their posture with respect to the walking surface. Differences in metabolic cost during inclined walking due to postural changes with handrail use are unknown. To test the hypothesis that metabolic cost will differ depending on how handrail support is used, respiratory gas analysis was performed during inclined walking in 13 healthy subjects. Energy expenditure was quantified while each subject walked in four conditions: 5% incline unsupported, 10 ...

Lactate Threshold Comparison In Anaerobic Vs. Aerobic Athletes And Untrained Subjects, Matt Green, Jared Hornsby, Robert Pritchett, Kelley Pritchett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 329-338, 2014. This study compared VO₂ max, lactate threshold (LT) and VO₂ at LT (VO_2LT) among aerobic athletes (ARA) (n=10), anaerobic athletes (ANA) (n=9) and untrained participants (UTS) (n=7). From a treadmill test to exhaustion, VO₂ max and LT (4 mmol·L^-1 blood lactate concentration) were assessed. Analysis of variance showed VO₂ max (ml·kg^-1·min^-1) was significantly greater for ARA (67.6 ± 9.4) than ANA (53.4 ± 6.4) and UTS (44.9 + 6.9), with ANA significantly greater than ...