Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Ligand-Receptor Interactions For Supramolecular Disassembly With Applications In Screening And Drug Delivery, Diego F. Amado Torres

Diego Amado Torres

Proteins have the capacity to bind specific sets of compounds known as ligands, these are small molecules with a recurrent theme in their molecular design that is a characteristic exploited here to (i) identify particular affinities of small molecules for proteins with the aim of using them as ligands, inhibitors, or targeting moieties in more complex systems by means of a methodology that screens small molecules based on protein affinity; (ii) decorate a self-assembling supramolecular system at different positions, making it responsive to a complementary protein with the aim of exploring differences in disassembly and sensitivity of the release of ...

The Effects Of Picrotoxin And Ethanol On Crayfish Escape And Central Motor Pattern Neural Circuits, Rebecca Bierman, Nathan Hardcastle, Colin Istvan

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Exploration Of Freshwater Cyanobacteria, Mariya Campbell

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Nickel Bioaccumulation As A Predictor Of Toxicity, Erin M. Leonard

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Recently, the focus of metal toxicity has shifted from concentrations within the aqueous environment to bioaccumulation within the organism. In this regard, the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) relates the binding of metal at specific toxic sites (“ligands”) to eventual toxicity, whereas the Tissue Residue Approach (TRA) relates metal burdens at whole body, tissue, or subcellular levels to eventual toxicity. However, much less is currently known regarding Ni in comparison to other metals. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the use of Ni bioaccumulation as a predictor of toxicity in a number of fish and invertebrate species; bioaccumulation endpoints ...

Big Pharma Is Hurt, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Cutting down R&D inefficiency and restoring the trust of investors and consumers are key to curing the industry’s ills.

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine, Michael A. Rogawski, Christopher N. Banks, Dongren Yang, Pamela J. Lein

Michael A. Rogawski

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (2,6-dithia-1,3,5,7-tetraazadamantane,2,2,6,6-tetraoxide, TETS) is a highly toxic heteroadamantane rodenticide. It is an odorless, tasteless,white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water (0.25 mg ml-1), dimethylsulfoxide and acetone. It was originally synthesized in 1933 as a resinous condensation product of sulfamide and formaldehyde and used commercially in pillows and upholstery as animpregnating stiffening and anti mold agent. However, in 1950, a massive poisoning of German workers in the furniture manufacturing industry was linked to ‘Crinex’ wool, which contained TETS as a by product of processing.

Environews #7, Richard B. Philp

Richard B. Philp

Artificial sweeteners in rivers, arsenic underground, gutting of environmental protection laws are topics discussed.

Concern-Driven Integrated Toxicity Testing Strategies For Nanomaterials - Report Of The Nanosafety Cluster Working Group 10, Hugh J. Byrne, Agnes G. Oomen, Peter M.J. Bos, Teresa F. Fernandes, Kerstin Hund-Rinke, Diana Boraschi, Karin Aschberger, Stefania Gottardo, Frank Von Der Kammer, Dana Kühnel, Danail Hristozov, Antonio Marcomini, Lucia Migliore

Articles

Bringing together topic-related European Union-(EU)-funded projects, the so-called “NanoSafety Cluster” aims at identifying key areas for further research on risk assessment procedures for nanomaterials (NM). The outcome of NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10, this commentary presents a vision for concern-driven integrated approaches for the (eco-)toxicological testing and assessment (IATA) of NM. Such approaches should start out by determining concerns, i.e. specific information needs for a given NM based on realistic exposure scenarios. Recognized concerns can be addressed in a set of tiers using standardized protocols for NM preparation and testing. Tier 1 includes determining physico-chemical properties ...

Transmission Of Ranavirus Between Ectothermic Vertebrate Hosts, R Brenes, Matt J. Gray, T B. Waltzek, Rebecca P. Wilkes, Debra L. Miller

Debra L Miller

Transmission is an essential process that contributes to the survival of pathogens. Ranaviruses are known to infect different classes of lower vertebrates including amphibians, fishes and reptiles. Differences in the likelihood of infection among ectothermic vertebrate hosts could explain the successful yearlong persistence of ranaviruses in aquatic environments. The goal of this study was to determine if transmission of a Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like ranavirus was possible among three species from different ectothermic vertebrate classes: Cope's gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) larvae, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), and red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). We housed individuals previously exposed to the ...

The Effects Of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate On The Abundance Of Producers And Grazers In Aquatic Communities Using Freshwater Microcosms, Stephanie R. Shipley

University Honors Program Theses

With increases in environmental awareness, industry has responded with products that reduce negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a rapidly degrading chemical commonly found in cleaners labeled as ‘environmentally friendly,’ has been shown to have low toxicity in single species toxicity tests. However, that organisms have different sensitivities to SLS suggests a need for measuring effects at the community level. We exposed communities of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) and invertebrate grazers (a benthic snail, Elimia sp. and pelagic microcrustacean Daphnia magna) to 0, 0.5 or 1.5 mgL^-1 SLS. Water quality and invertebrate abundance were measured ...

Multi-Component Microparticulate/Nanoparticulate Dry Powder Inhalation Aerosols For Targeted Pulmonary Delivery, Xiaojian Li

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The aim of the work was to design, manufacture, and characterize targeted multi-component dry powder aerosols of (non-destructive) mucolytic agent (mannitol), antimicrobial drug (tobramycin or azithromycin), and lung surfactant mimic phospholipids (DPPC:DPPG=4:1 in molar ratio). The targeted dry powder for inhalation formulation for deep lung delivery with a built-in rationale of specifically interfering several disease factors of chronic infection diseases in deep lungs such as cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and etc. The dry powder aerosols consisting of selected chemical agents in one single formulation was generated by using spray drying from organic solution.

The physicochemical properties ...

Studies On Two Polyherbal Formulations (Zpto And Zto) For Comparison Of Their Antidyslipidemic, Antihypertensive And Endothelial Modulating Activities, Nauman Aziz, Malik Hassan Mehmood, Anwarul Hassan Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Apart from available synthetic drugs used in CVDs, there are many herbal formulations including POL-10 (containing 10 herbs), which have been shown to be effective in animal studies but POL-10 was found to cause tachycardia in rodents as its side effect. This study was designed to modify the composition of POL-10 for better efficacy and/or safety profile in CVDs.

Methods

To assess the antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive and endothelial modulatory properties of two herbal formulations, (ZPTO and ZTO) containing Z: Zingiber officinalis, P: Piper nigrum, T: Terminalia belerica and ...

Toxic And Repellent Effects Of Pyrethroids Used In Orchards On The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Erin M. Ingram

Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology

Managed honey bee colonies provide valuable pollination services and are rented by fruit orchards to improve fruit quality and yield. The placement of colonies in this agricultural setting increases the possibility of exposure to pyrethroids used for broad-spectrum pest control in orchards. Although highly toxic to bees, pyrethroids are believed to pose a relatively low hazard due to their low application rates in the field as well as their contact repellent properties. Previous studies have noted a decrease in foraging visits following pyrethroid application possibly preventing bees from acquiring a lethal dose in the field.

This research quantified behaviors associated ...

The Imperative Of Conserving California's Foothill Oak Woodlands, Lauren Phillips

Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Investigating Apoptosis Pathway In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Stromal Influence And Therapeutic Activation, Viralkumar M. Patel

UT GSBS Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy. High levels of Bcl-2 and IAP family proteins are responsible for apoptotic-resistance and accumulation of mature CLL lymphocytes in bone-marrow, lymph nodes and peripheral blood. Besides pro-survival proteins, supporting stromal cells as well as soluble factors in the microenvironment of bone-marrow and lymph nodes provide survival advantage to CLL leukemic cells.

Though the stromal – leukemia cell interactions has been studied extensively, in-depth-knowledge on the regulation of apoptotic pathway proteins in the context of microenvironment is still limited. To address this, the first part of our study focused on comprehensive analysis of 93 ...

Preventing Quagga Mussel Colonization In Freshwater Ecosystems: The Antifouling Effectiveness Of Capsaicin And Phenyl Capsaicin, Tanviben Yogeshkumar Patel

UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones

Lake Mead contains a wide variety of freshwater species, including the invasive quagga mussels(Dreissena rostrigormis bugensis). Quagga mussels appeared in the lake in 2007 near Boulder Basin. Described as one of the most invasive species worldwide, quagga mussels have taken over the majority of Lake Mead. These mussels have caused not only ecological damage, but economical and recreational damage as well. They are considered as biofoulers and efficient engineers that filter large quantities of water.

Quagga mussels have been shown to cause a wide variety of problems, including reduced food and oxygen for native fauna, clogging intake pipes, water ...

Importance Of Clinical Toxicology Teaching And Its Impact In Improving, Nadeem Ullah Khan, Jabeen Fayyaz, Uzma Rahim Khan, Asher Feroze

Department of Emergency Medicine

Objective: To assess the impact of a one-day clinical toxicology workshop in improving knowledge.
Methods: A one-day clinical toxicology workshop was conducted as a pre-conference workshop of the Annual Emergency Medicine Conference at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, in April 2012. The course was composed of poisoning-related common clinical scenarios. The pre-test and post-test understanding was used to assess the impact of the course in improving knowledge. The participants also evaluated the workshop as a whole thorough written evaluation forms. SPSS 19 was ued for statistical analysis of the data.
Result: There were 22 participants in the course. The ...

Non-Mass Transfer Limited Crystal Growth, Ryan J. Smyth, Caitlin Schram, Stephen P. Beaudoin

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

There are many different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that have been discovered in research labs all around the world that can be used to treat and cure patients with a variety of different ailments. The challenge with these APIs in treatments is that they are not soluble in water, thus they low absorption into the blood stream (bio-availability). The key to making these APIs more bio-available is to understand how they grow as crystals and drop out of the aqueous solutions. One of the ways these APIs were made more bio-available is to render them amorphous and suspend them in ...

Wash Education: Need For More Than Water Treatment For Floating Villages In Cambodia, Kevin Curry

2013 New England Association for Asian Studies Conference

Point of use (POU) water treatment systems are widely used around the world to provide microbiologically safe drinking water in developing countries. Work done in Cambodia by Brown et al. (2007) and Liang et al. (2010) have documented ceramic and biosand filters as cost effective point of use treatment systems capable of removing over 95% E. coli bacteria when properly used and maintained. Bridgewater State University and Water for Cambodia (WfC) explored using BioSand filters (BSF) to provide microbiologically safe drinking water for people in the Moat Khla floating village on the Tonle Sap Lake in Siem Reap Province. All ...

Iraqi Birth Defects And The Who Report, Mozhgan Savabieasfahani

Class, Race and Corporate Power

Since the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, epidemics of birth defects and cancers are rising in many Iraqi cities. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Iraqi Ministry of Health (MoH) undertook a large-scale epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of birth defects in the Iraqi population. A report which appeared on the WHO website in September 2013, claims that "The rates for spontaneous abortion, stillbirths and congenital birth defects found in the [Iraq] study are consistent with or even lower than international estimates." This article discusses the severe shortcomings of this report and questions ...