Engineering Commons^™

Designing And Implementing A Social Media Plan, Ashley M. Watson, Brittany Williamson

Purdue Road School

In this session you will learn how to create and implement a social media plan to improve your social media presence. We will outline the steps for designing a plan, evaluating its success, and establishing sustainable practices.

Good Safety Program: Straight Ahead, Rick Drumm

Purdue Road School

AASHTO and FHWA conducted a joint scan tour in the fall of 2015 to document what makes a good safety program. A wealth of information on safety programs was pulled together in one effort and coalesced in one document. Topics to be presented that were discussed on this seven-state tour include data collection/analysis, funding, systemic safety improvements, types of projects and initiatives, project development and delivery, cooperation with safety partners, and measuring safety.

Storm Damage - Sr-57 June 2008, Dale Sedler, Mark Bailey

Purdue Road School

A review of the impact of the White River leaving its watershed and destroying a box culvert under SR-57 in Greene County, IN. Includes discussion about impact of illegal levee, and photos and discussion on contraction scour.

Storm Damage - Murphy's Law, Dale Sedler, Mark Bailey

Purdue Road School

Examination of a disastrous event that required 4 coinciding occurrences happening that individually would likely have resulted in minor or no damage.

Storm Damage - Floating Culverts, Dale Sedler, Mark Bailey

Purdue Road School

A review of buoyancy issues culverts experience due to blockage. Includes discussion of blockage due to floating debris and issues with multiple culverts. Provides information on characteristics that help to determine if a culvert has "floated."

Moving Beyond Functional Classifications: Street Typologies As A Systemic Approach To Complete Streets, Nick Batta

Purdue Road School

Rain Gardens for Roads: Installation & Maintenance Tips—Rain gardens and bio-swales provide an effective means of addressing water quality and quantity issues along roadways, if properly designed and installed. If not properly installed, they can create flooding, unsafe driving conditions, and ugly eyesores. We will examine how to successfully incorporate rain gardens into roadways, including design and long-term maintenance considerations, and present lessons learned from construction and upkeep of rain gardens in municipal installations.

Community Involvement Within Your Organization, Chris Gale, Mark Jacob

Purdue Road School

Active community involvement programs within your organization allow the engineering community to serve one another while promoting a positive work environment and strengthening the communities that are being served. Various community involvement programs will be presented that provide positive mentoring skills and/or public service to various organizations. Ongoing community involvement programs in two large organizations will be presented. Time will be allowed for questions and further dialogue on individual program successes.

The Right Approach To Right Of Way Engineering, Grant Niemeyer, Rodney Kelly, Sue Wood

Purdue Road School

Many steps are necessary to prepare the proper documents for right of way engineering. In this session we will discuss the steps and procedures required to be in compliance with INDOT statutes, including LRS electronic submittals.

Needs Driven Design Solutions In Railroad Projects, Tom Rueshhoff, Derek Tichy, Justin Cronin, Matthew J. Spiel

Purdue Road School

This presentation highlights state, federal, and railroad stakeholder coordination in a public-private partnership.

The Indiana Gateway Project is a $71.4 million construction project underway in northwestern Indiana. This project will help Norfolk Southern and Amtrak address the single most delay-prone intercity rail passenger corridor in the country.

The White River Freight Railroad Bridge Replacement by Indiana Railroad is a $14M project which replaced the 115-year old bridge with a 1,271-foot long bridge in Greene County, IN.

The presentation also provides a brief summary of the project management oversight role HNTB Corporation assumed in both project teams as a consultant for …

Indot High Friction Surface Treatment Special Provision, Joseph Bruno

Purdue Road School

INDOT special provision on high friction surface treatments and related background material. Presented at Purdue University Road School on March 8, 2016.

Electric Field–Assisted Flash Sintering Of Fine–Grained And High–Permittivity Cacu3ti4o12 Electroceramics, Lilian Menezes

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) has attracted great attention because of its potential application in microelectronic devices, as showing very high ɛ′ values (~ 12,000) with good stability from room temperature to 300 °C [1]. This material is usually prepared through conventional synthesis (solid-state reaction) at 1000 °C followed by sintering at 1100 °C, for dwell times of several hours. These high annealing temperatures and times lead to ceramics with micro-sized grains, exceeding significantly 1.0 µm in most cases. Field-assisted flash sintering [2] was here considered for producing high-quality CCTO electroceramics, from a powder originally synthesized via …

Direct Microwave Sintering Of Gamma–Alumina Powder: Effect Of Alpha Seeding And Magnesia Doping, Carry Claude

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Microwave sintering as a rapid processing technic has been extensively investigated in the past decades. During microwave heating, the material couples with the electric field, absorbs the electric energy in its bulk and transforms it into heat. The microwave coupling behaviour depends on the dielectric loss factor. In most of pure oxide ceramics such as alumina the loss factor is very low at room temperature and increases with increasing temperature. Routinely a high dielectric loss material is used as a susceptor for heating the green specimen up to a temperature at which it significantly couples with the microwaves ; this …

Role Of Defects In Electric–Field–Assisted Sintering, Stephen Hellberg

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

We examine the roles that charged defects play in electric-field-assisted sintering using first principles density functional theory. We consider individual point defects and defect complexes, such as Frenkel pairs and Schottky defects. For each defect, the formation energy is calculated as a function of the temperature and applied electric field to estimate its density under experimental conditions. The effects of the defects on the observed densification are then modeled. Optical transitions of the defects are computed to allow for spectroscopic identification. The modification of the lattice constants due to the defects is presented for comparison with diffraction measurements

Field And Thermal Factors In Field–Assisted Consolidation Of Powder Materials, Eugene Olevsky

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Possible thermal and field factors, which may influence densification during spark-plasma sintering (SPS), are considered. Two experimental setups revealing the role of both groups of factors for SPS processing of conductive and semi-conductive materials are described.

To de-convolute the influence of the electrical current, spark plasma sinter-forging experiments are conducted to compare the constitutive behavior of a copper powder under current-insulated and current-assisted SPS process conditions. The processing mode with specimen’s free lateral surface enables the direct in-situ measurement of the powder material temperature. The experimental results are interpreted in the framework of the developed constitutive model of the spark-plasma …

Flash Sintering Of Complex Oxides, Luis Perez-Maqueda

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

BiFeO₃ is one of the most promising multiferroic (materials combining two or more ferroic properties in the same phase) materials. Preparation of high quality BiFeO₃ ceramics is quite challenging. The temperature required for processing is relatively high and partial decomposition takes place damaging the properties of the material. Moreover, the Curie temperature of BiFeO₃ is within the same temperature range required for conventional sintering. The volume change during Curie transition produces damage in the obtained pellets.

In this work high density ceramics of BiFeO3 have been obtained from nanostructured powders, prepared by direct mechanochemistry, followed by FLASH …

Estimating Ionic Conductivity During Flash Sintering Of 8ysz, Daniel Marinha

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

We provide evidence for temperature-driven flash sintering process, accounting for otherwise interpreted as abnormal behavior. Using 8%-Yttria-doped Zirconia as reference material, we selected moderate flash conditions to avoid external current-limiting control. Samples were dry-pressed and pre-sintered to relative densities between 50 and 85 %TD by interrupting sintering at pre-determined shrinkage values, in conventional and flash sintering processes. SEM characterization shows similar trends for average grain size, porosity levels and distribution between flash and conventional samples. Bulk and grain boundary conductivity and characteristic frequencies, measured by impedance spectroscopy, show similar behavior regardless of the processing route.

A third series of samples …

Final Program, Kathy Chan

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

No abstract provided.

Managing Your Professional Identity: Leveraging Social Media And Emerging Metrics To Demonstrate Professional Impact, Megan R. Sapp Nelson

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

This session will assist graduate students to deliberately develop an online professional identity that will uniquely identify them as an academic as well as positively highlight their personal strengths.

Students will walk away with a plan to create a unique professional identifier and an understanding of how to measure the impact of online scholarly communication.

Topics included are:

ORCID ID

social media, such as LinkedIn & ResearchGate

Alternative Metrics (Altmetrics), such has Kudos, ImpactStory, & AltMetric

Data repositories, such as GitHub & FigShare

Alterations In Cortical Sensorimotor Connectivity Following Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Resting-State Fmri Study, Akinwunmi Oni-Orisan, Mayank Kaushal, Wenjun Li, Jack Leschke, B. Douglas Ward, Aditya Vedantam, Benjamin Kalinosky, Matthew D. Budde, Brian D. Schmit, Shi-Jiang Li, Viashnavi Muqeet, Shekar N. Kurpad

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated alterations during task-induced brain activation in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The interruption to structural integrity of the spinal cord and the resultant disrupted flow of bidirectional communication between the brain and the spinal cord might contribute to the observed dynamic reorganization (neural plasticity). However, the effect of SCI on brain resting-state connectivity patterns remains unclear. We undertook a prospective resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) study to explore changes to cortical activation patterns following SCI. With institutional review board approval, rs-fMRI data was obtained in eleven patients with complete cervical SCI (>2 years …

Effect Of Electric Field/Current On Liquid Phase Sintering, Jesus Gonzalez-Julian, Olivier Guillon

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Sintering behavior of ionic and electric conductor ceramics is enhanced when an external electric field is applied during the sintering process by Joule heating, generation of Frenkel defects, mobility of point defects, electrochemical reactions and electromigration mechanisms. The applied electric field modifies the sintering behavior in two ways, depending mainly on the strength of the field (V/cm) and the electrical properties of the sample. Intermediate fields enhance the sintering kinetics apparently due to the retardation of grain growth, which is called field assisted sintering. In contrast, high fields generate massive densification just in few seconds, which is recently referenced as …

First Stage In Flash Sintering Of Zirconia Based Ceramics, Marlu Cesar Steil, Emmanuelle Bichaud, Claude Carry, Jean Marc Chaix

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Flash sintering ability to densify ceramic material in less than 5 seconds, at much lower furnace temperatures than conventional sintering has been reported and studied for a large set of conductive ceramics and recently of composite ceramic materials. Since no die is used, the current mandatorily flows through the sample and the flash process is characterized by an abrupt increase in the sample conductivity accompanied by shrinkage and densification. In the literature two types of experiments are reported, referring to the furnace temperature: Constant heating rate (CHR) and isothermal experiments. The flash sintering elementary mechanisms are not yet fully understood. …

Effect Of (External) Electric Fields On Heterogeneous Solid State Reactions – Special Role Of Grain Boundary Diffusion, Carsten Korte

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

During ope­ra­tion ceramic materials are of­ten ex­posed to high elec­tri­cal fields, which create a se­cond dri­ving force for mobile com­po­nents in ad­di­tion to the chemical po­ten­tial gra­dient. Due to the ongoing miniaturisation in modern appli­ca­tions, interfaces gain in importance for the materials pro­per­ties. So­lid state reac­tions, neg­li­gi­ble on ma­cro­scopic length sca­les, be­come more im­portant on the nanoscale and thus be­come a frequent source of materials degra­da­tion

In this contribution the influence of an electric field on the kinetics and the morphological evo­lution of (hetero­ge­ne­ous) solid state model reactions will be highlighted [1-4]. Experiments on the reac­tion couples MgO + In …

Electric Field–Induced Electronic Conduction In Bulk Oxide Ceramics, Anthony West

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Field-induced electronic conduction is widely recognised in (a) materials whose resistance is dominated by interfacial Schottky barriers and (b) thin films that exhibit high field-induced filamentary conduction. A third category of (low) field-sensitive conduction occurs in bulk oxide ceramics that show enhanced hole conduction if they are acceptor-doped, but reduced n-type conduction if they are donor-doped. Examples in these two categories are acceptor-doped titanate perovskites [1] and rutile that is slightly oxygen-deficient [2]. More recently, reversible, field-induced electronic conduction has been demonstrated in yttria-doped zirconia ceramics [3] and a reversible, insulator-metal transition in Ca-doped BiFeO3 ceramics [4].

A survey of …

Oxygen Vacancy Formation Due To Dc Electric Fields During Flash Sintering In Batio3, Takashida Yamamoto

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

A unique sintering technique called FLASH sintering has been developed by Raj’s research group¹⁾. When green compacts are heated under DC electric fields beyond threshold strength, specimen current abruptly increases at a critical temperature, and then densification is immediately completed at very short time. The sintering temperature and time largely decrease with the increasing DC electric fields. Cologna et al. successfully obtained fully densified YSZ at 850°C for 5s at 120V/cm without any outer pressure. After their reports, flash sintering has been applied for various kinds of ceramic materials such as Y₂O₃, Al …

The Modification Of The Temperature Gradient In A Large Sample Sintered By Sps, Mirva Eriksson

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

The SPS is a sintering unit where heating and the uniaxial pressure is applied to a powder placed in a die. The best pressure and temperature distribution in the sample is achieved when the sample has the shape of a round pellet. In some cases it would be beneficial to be able to sinter square or rectangular plates. The processing of a large square/rectangular plate is a challenging task because the shape will increase the temperature gradient in the horizontal direction in the plate resulting to uneven properties in corners compared to the middle. In this study we present results …

Spark And Plasma Aided Densification Mechanisms During Spark Plasma Sintering Of Ceramic Powders, Rachman Chaim

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) currently used for rapid and full densification of ceramic particles assisted by a pulsed dc current passed through the powder compact. Our investigations with different ceramic powders (LiF, NiO, and YAG) as model systems discovered local melting of the particle and nano-particle surfaces, confirming the formation of spark and plasma during the SPS. However, spark and plasma form at certain material and process conditions. The ceramic yield stress and its electrical conductivity, and their temperature dependence mainly determine the conditions at which spark and plasma will take place in a given non-conducting granular compact. We introduce …

Electrical Conduction Mechanism At High Voltages And Dielectric Breakdown Strength In Bulk Ceramic Insulators, Gerold Schneider, Claudia Neusel

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Electrical conductivity at high electric fields and dielectric breakdown of bulk ceramic insulators is not well understood. In order to gain more insight we performed current-voltage measurements on different ceramics to identify whether ohmic, space charge limited, Schottky, or Poole-Frenkel conduction, is the dominating conduction mechanism. Voltages up to 70 kV were applied and revealed that space charge limited conduction (SCLC) prevails at high electric fields in all investigated ceramics. As SCLC is a size dependent phenomenon the transition from ohmic to SCLC was determined as a function of the thickness of the disc-shaped samples. As a consequence electric field …

Large-Area Graphene-Based Nanofiltration Membranes By Shear Alignment Of Discotic Nematic Liquid Crystals Of Graphene Oxide, Abozar Akbari, Phillip Sheath, Samuel T. Martin, Dhanraj B. Shinde, Mahdokht Shaibani, Parama Chakraborty Banerjee, Rachel Tkacz, Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Mainak Majumder

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Graphene-based membranes demonstrating ultrafast water transport, precise molecular sieving of gas and solvated molecules shows great promise as novel separation platforms; however, scale-up of these membranes to large-areas remains an unresolved problem. Here we demonstrate that the discotic nematic phase of graphene oxide (GO) can be shear aligned to form highly ordered, continuous, thin films of multi-layered GO on a support membrane by an industrially adaptable method to produce large-area membranes (13 × 14 cm²) in < 5 s. Pressure driven transport data demonstrate high retention (> 90%) for charged and uncharged organic probe molecules with a hydrated radius above 5 Å as well as modest (30–40%) retention of …

Effect Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Adoption On Gas Tax Revenue, Local Pollution, And Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Neil Mccall

Theses and Dissertations

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are likely to increase in popularity in the near future. However, the environmental benefits of PHEVs involve tradeoffs between the benefits of reduced tailpipe emissions against the drawbacks of increased emissions at marginal electric generation plants and reduced gasoline tax income. In this report, a model is developed that will enable these tradeoffs to be studied. The model accounts for local commuting patterns and marginal electric generation in New Jersey. The result allows the effect of PHEV adoption on gasoline tax, CO2, NOx and SOx to be predicted on a county level. Sample calculations are …

Peer Reviewed Safety Management System (Sms): Collaboration For Continuous Improvement (Literature Review), Michael F. Canders Ph.D. Cfii

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Safe operations are essential for organizational success, perhaps no more so than in aviation. A culture of safety can be a leading contributor to an aviation organization’s success but developing such a culture and maintaining it can be very challenging. Collegiate aviation programs provide an exceptional opportunity to teach essential safety culture components to new aviators. A Safety Management System (SMS) is an effective framework to present and reinforce key safety principles and can be effectively tailored for the collegiate aviation flight training environment. Some aviation colleges may have developed a safety program or SMS but sharing and benchmarking the …