Engineering Commons^™

Smart Control Of Automatic Voltage Regulators Using K-Means Clustering, Brook Abegaz, J. Kueber

Engineering Science Faculty Publications

The future cyber physical systems consist of voltage regulators distributed across wide geographical areas. In this paper, a smart control approach of voltage regulators is presented for cyber physical system applications. The approach is implemented using K-means clustering algorithms that use data from voltage and current sensors, compute the correlation of changes across the regulators and generate a proportional feedback. Advanced estimation methods are used in cases where the data from the sensors was not available. The results show that the approach could be used to improve the performance of networked, power dependent systems by 94.5% in terms of overshoot …

Ultrafine Aluminium: Quench Collection Of Agglomerates, Tejasvi K, Y Pydi Setty, Vemana Venkateswara Rao

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Combustion of aluminized solid propellants exhibits phenomena associated with accumulation, agglomeration, ignition, and combustion of ultra-fine aluminium particles. In this study, agglomeration phenomenon of ultra-fine aluminium in solid propellant combustion is investigated using quench collection experimental technique over the pressure ranges from 2MPa to 8MPa. The ultra-fine aluminium powder synthesized by Radio Frequency Induction Plasma technique having harmonic mean size of 438nm is used for agglomeration study. The quenching distance is varied from 5mm to 71mm from the propellant burning surface to estimate the effect on agglomerate size. The morphology and chemical compositions of the collected products were then studied …

Strategies In Developing An Aviation & Aerospace Skill Ecosystem For The State Of Telangana, India – Case Study Of Task -Telangana Academy For Skill And Knowledge, Kim Chua, Sujiv Nair, M.P Ganesh Dr.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The aviation & aerospace sector in India has been expanding and growing through partnerships and new research facilities, thereby encouraging more players to invest and optimize the manufacturing process. Improving green and fuel-efficient technologies have contributed to a steady rise in fuelling the demand for aerospace engineers.

The state of Telangana is fast emerging as a new aviation cluster with some of the country’s best-qualified engineers and technicians. The potential of the aerospace industry is immense as it continuously requires skilled technicians and engineers. Considering the precision of skill required, it is imperative that rigorous training be imparted to all …

Satellite Maintenance: An Opportunity To Minimize The Kessler Effect, Bettina M. Mrusek Dr.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Recently, there has been an emphasis on the growing problem of orbital debris. While the advantages of placing satellites into space are numerous, advances in satellite technology combined with the growth of the industry have resulted with a significant amount of debris in the orbits surrounding our planet. The harshness of the space environment has also contributed to the debris, as evidenced by the number of objects currently in orbit which are not operational. As the amount of debris grows, so too does the likelihood of collisions, ultimately culminating in the Kessler Effect. However, recent advances in propulsion, advanced navigation, …

Big Five Technologies In Aeronautical Engineering Education: Scoping Review, Ruth Martinez-Lopez

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The constant demands that technology creates in aerospace engineering also influence education. The identification of the technologies with practical application in aerospace engineering is of current interest to decision makers in both universities and industry. A social network approach enhances this scoping review of the research literature to identify the main topics using the Big Five technologies in aerospace engineering education. The conceptual structure of the dataset (n=447) was analyzed from different approaches: at macro-level, a comparative of the digital technology identified by cluster analysis with the number of co-words established in 3 and 8 and, a keyword central structure …

Computational Study Of Flow Interactions Over A Close Coupled Canard-Wing On Fighter, Setyawan Bekti Wibowo, Sutrisno Sutrisno, Tri Agung Rohmat

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

There have been many attempts to improve the flying performance of a fighter. By modifying the flow that occurs along the fuselage is expected to improve the performance of the aircraft. One of the indicators of combat aircraft performance is the ability to perform maneuver movement. Adding a canard as forewing on the fighter wing configuration is considered capable of raising the ability in maneuver movement. The use of canard-delta pairs will affect the performance and aerodynamic characteristics of the plane. Wings and canards with delta configuration will make the rolled-up vortex as a lifting force producer on the aircraft. …

Urban Flow And Small Unmanned Aerial System Operations In The Built Environment, Kevin A. Adkins

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has put forth a set of regulations (Part 107) that govern small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) operations. These regulations restrict unmanned aircraft (UA) from flying over people and their operation to within visual line of sight (VLOS). However, as new applications for unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are discovered, their capabilities improve, and regulations evolve, there is an increasing desire to undertake urban operations, such as urban air mobility, package delivery, infrastructure inspection, and surveillance. This built environment poses new weather hazards that include enhanced wind shear and turbulence. The smaller physical dimensions, lower mass and …

Aircraft Interior Design And Satisfaction For Different Activities; A New Approach Toward Understanding Passenger Experience, Golnoosh Torkashvand, Lucas Stephane, Peter Vink

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Among airlines and aircraft manufacturers there is much attention for passenger experience. However, there is not much literature on how the activities of passengers can be supported by the aircraft interior. The current study focuses on the need finding and requirements analysis of flight passengers. Twenty-three activities were defined based on retrospective interviews and brainstorming sessions. Respondents were asked to rate their overall perception related to the importance of each of those 23 activities on a Linkert scale, from “not at all important” to “extremely important”. On a separate question they were also asked to rate their overall satisfaction by …

Crew Resource Management For Large Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations, Peter S. Neff

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract

The author explored the application of crew resource management (CRM) principles to commercial flight operations conducted by large unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Currently, there is no regulatory structure governing the operation of large UAS in commercial flight operations. However, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) forecasted the future by demonstrating the feasibility of large remotely piloted UAS flight in June 2018 by flying Ikhana, a modified MQ-9 Predator B aircraft, over a 415-mile route in Class A and in Class E airspace over southern California (Kooser, 2018). Ikhana is a 10,500-pound aircraft with a wingspan of 66 feet …

Aerodynamic Design And Exploration Of A Blended Wing Body Aircraft At Subsonic Speed, Sam Dakka Dr, Oliver Johnson

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Blended Wing Body (BWB) is a novel aircraft concept which provides many different aerodynamic benefits over conventional aircrafts design. This research investigated the BWB design, L/D characteristics, surface pressure distribution and span-wise lift distribution of a BWB aircraft at low to medium subsonic speeds. A BWB model was designed, manufactured and tested in a subsonic wind tunnel to validate the CFD simulation. The results gained from the investigation proved that BWB has a L/D improvement of 9.4% than conventional aircrafts and 21% increase at medium subsonic speeds (Mach 0.6) compared to lower subsonic speeds of 25 m/sec. It was found …

On Atmospheric Lapse Rates, Nihad E. Daidzic

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

We have derived and summarized and most important atmospheric temperature lapse rates. ALRs essentially govern vertical atmospheric air stability and creation of some cloud types. The sensitivity analysis of various atmospheric lapse rates and their dependence on actual ideal-gas air properties and gravitational attraction was conducted for the first time to the best of our knowledge. SALR, which has DALR as the upper asymptote, showed steepest decrease at around 9 degrees Celsius then flattening out and apparently approaching another asymptotic solution which has not been investigated as it falls outside of the terrestrial temperature range. ISA lapse rates are adopted …

Brand Awareness, Purchase Intention And Price Premium Of International Airlines Operating Between Australia And The United Kingdom, Yi Gao, Nigel Wai Keong Choy

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Brand equity has a profound impact on the pricing and sales of consumer products and services. Inspired by existing literature on customer-based brand equity in various domains, this study examines brand awareness (a dimension of brand equity), purchase intention and price premium of international airlines operating on a specific aviation market, Australia - the United Kingdom. Through surveying a sample of 259 participants in the metropolitan Melbourne area, the study captures a snapshot of brand recognition and brand preference of international airlines among local travelers. Statistically significant association is found between brand awareness and purchase intention, and between brand awareness …

A New Method For The Prediction Of The Downwash Angle Gradient, Mondher Yahyaoui Dr.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

A new method for the prediction of the downwash angle gradient due to aircraft wings across the span of an aft horizontal tail in the incompressible regime is presented. The approach is quite general and accounts for all practical wing geometric parameters except for wing twist where it is shown that this parameter has very little effect on the downwash angle gradient. The method consists of an empirical law which requires the prior knowledge of three constants. These have been computed either based on experimental data when available or using numerical data obtained using the vortex-lattice method. These constants are …

Transforming The Professional Flight Program Curriculum: Justification, Process, And Future Development, Julius Keller, Flavio A. C. Mendonca, Brian G. Dillman, Michael Suckow

Publications

According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), by 2036 the aviation sector will need 620,000 new pilots, 125,000 new air traffic controllers, and 1.3 million aircraft maintenance personnel (ICAO, 2018);

Pilots seeking a first officer position (a common entry-level position at Part 121 air carriers) are required to possess an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certificate and 1,500 hours of total flight time;

There are some exceptions!

Support from administration

Quantity vs Quality;

How can flight faculty improve student learning and job readiness?

Notched Hollow Square Section Steel Column Buckling, Zia Razzaq, Solomon Tecleab

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Presented in this paper is an outcome of a study to assess the effect of section loss in the form of longitudinal notches on the buckling load of hollow square section steel columns. The theoretical study includes buckling load estimates based on both an iterative equilibrium as well as a non-iterative energy approach. Buckling loads based on sample laboratory experiments are also presented. The study shows that the presence of a notch can significantly reduce the axial load-carrying capacity of a steel column.

Determination Of Personalized Asthma Triggers From Multimodal Sensing And A Mobile App: Observational Study, Revathy Venkataramanan, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Utkarshani Jaimini, Dipesh Kadariya, Hong Yung Yip, Maninder Kalra, Amit Sheth

Publications

Background: Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease with multiple triggers. It can be managed by strict adherence to an asthma care plan and by avoiding these triggers. Clinicians cannot continuously monitor their patients’ environment and their adherence to an asthma care plan, which poses a significant challenge for asthma management.

Objective: In this study, pediatric patients were continuously monitored using low-cost sensors to collect asthma-relevant information. The objective of this study was to assess whether kHealth kit, which contains low-cost sensors, can identify personalized triggers and provide actionable insights to clinicians for the development of a tailored asthma care plan. …

Vhf Transmitter Development For Wildlife Tracking, Bryan Westra

Masters Theses

Wildlife biologists often use collars with VHF transmitters to gather wildlife data. The purpose of this project is to determine the best approach to designing a wildlife tracking VHF transmitter on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). A variety of frequency generation methods were considered for the transmitter, including transistor-based crystal oscillators and chip based solutions from the chip manufacturers Analog Devices and Silicon Labs. Prototypes of the feasible options were built and evaluated for cost, power consumption, efficiency, size, frequency range, signal bandwidth, and frequency stability. It was found that the Silicon Labs Si4010 chip was the best solution based …

Detecting Special-Cause Variation 'Events' From Process Data Signatures, Timothy M. Young, Olga Khaliukova, Nicolas André, Alexander Petutschnigg, Timothy G. Rials, Chung-Hao Chen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The ability to detect the special-cause variation of incoming feedstocks from advanced sensor technology is invaluable to manufacturers. Many on-line sensors produce data signatures that require further off-line statistical processing for interpretation by operational personnel. However, early detection of changes in variation in incoming feedstocks may be imperative to promote early-stage preventive measures. A method is proposed in this applied study for developing control bands to quantify the variation of data signatures in the context of statistical process control (SPC). Control bands based on pointwise prediction intervals constructed from the Bonferroni Inequality and Bayesian smoothing splines are developed. Applications using …

Initial Implementation Of A Machine Learning System For Srf Cavity Fault Classification At Cebaf, A. Carpenter, K. M. Iftekharuddin, T. Powers, Y. Roblin, A. Solopava Shabalina, C. Tennant, L. Vidyaratne

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory is a high power Continuous Wave (CW) electron accelerator. It uses a mixture of of SRF cryomodules: older, lower energy C20/C50 modules and newer, higher energy C100 modules. The cryomodules are arrayed in two anti-parallel linear accelerators. Accurately classifying the type of cavity faults is essential to maintaining and improving accelerator performance. Each C100 cryomodule contains eight 7-cell cavities. When a cavity fault occurs within a cryomodule, all eight cavities generate 17 waveforms each containing 8192 points. This data is exported from the control system and saved for review. Analysis …

Ignition Of A Plasma Discharge Inside An Electrodeless Chamber: Methods And Characteristics, Mounir Laroussi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper the generation and diagnostics of a reduced pressure (300 mTorr to 3 Torr) plasma generated inside an electrodeless containment vessel/chamber are presented. The plasma is ignited by a guided ionization wave emitted by a low temperature pulsed plasma jet. The diagnostics techniques include Intensified Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) imaging, emission spectroscopy, and Langmuir probe. The reduced-pressure discharge parameters measured are the magnitude of the electric field, the plasma electron number density and temperature, and discharge expansion speed.

Maximizing Performance Under A Power Constraint On Modern Multicore Systems, Vaibhav Sundriyal, Masha Sosonkina, Bryce Westheimer, Mark S. Gordon

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Energy efficiency and energy-proportional computing have become a central focus in modern supercomputers. These supercomputers should provide high throughput per unit of power to be sustainable in terms of operating cost and failure rates. In this paper, a power-bounded strategy is proposed that maximizes parallel application performance under a given power constraint. The strategy dynamically allocates power to core, uncore, and memory power domains within a node to maximize performance under a given power budget. Experiments on a 20-core Haswell-EP platform for a real-world parallel application GAMESS demonstrate that the proposed strategy delivers performance within 4% of the best possible …

A Review: Thermal Stability Of Methylammonium Lead Halide Based Perovskite Solar Cells, Tanzila Tasnim Ava, Abdullah Al Mamun, Sylvain Marsillac, Gon Namkoong

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Perovskite solar cells have achieved photo-conversion efficiencies greater than 20%, making them a promising candidate as an emerging solar cell technology. While perovskite solar cells are expected to eventually compete with existing silicon-based solar cells on the market, their long-term stability has become a major bottleneck. In particular, perovskite films are found to be very sensitive to external factors such as air, UV light, light soaking, thermal stress and others. Among these stressors, light, oxygen and moisture-induced degradation can be slowed by integrating barrier or interface layers within the device architecture. However, the most representative perovskite absorber material, CH_{3 …}

On Board Georeferencing Using Fpga-Based Optimized Second Order Polynomial Equation, Dequan Liu, Guoqing Zhou, Jingjin Huang, Rongting Zhang, Lei Shu, Xiang Zhou, Chun Sheng Xin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

For real-time monitoring of natural disasters, such as fire, volcano, flood, landslide, and coastal inundation, highly-accurate georeferenced remotely sensed imagery is needed. Georeferenced imagery can be fused with geographic spatial data sets to provide geographic coordinates and positing for regions of interest. This paper proposes an on-board georeferencing method for remotely sensed imagery, which contains five modules: input data, coordinate transformation, bilinear interpolation, and output data. The experimental results demonstrate multiple benefits of the proposed method: (1) the computation speed using the proposed algorithm is 8 times faster than that using PC computer; (2) the resources of the field programmable …

Microstructural Evaluation Of Aluminium Alloy A365 T6 In Machining Operation, Bankole I. Oladapo, S. Abolfazl Zahedi, Francis T. Omigbodun, Edwin A. Oshin, Victor A. Adebiyi, Olaoluwa B. Malachi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The optimum cutting parameters such as cutting depth, feed rate, cutting speed and magnitude of the cutting force for A356 T6 was determined concerning the microstructural detail of the material. Novel test analyses were carried out, which include mechanical evaluation of the materials for density, glass transition temperature, tensile and compression stress, frequency analysis and optimisation as well as the functional analytic behaviour of the samples. The further analytical structure of the particle was performed, evaluating the surface luminance structure and the profile structure. The cross-sectional filter profile of the sample was extracted, and analyses of Firestone curve for the …

The Effect Of Tube Geometry On The Chiral Plasma, S. Jin, D. Zou, X. Lu, Mounir Laroussi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A chiral plasma plume has recently been reported inside a circular quartz tube without the use of an external magnetic field. It is believed that the quartz tube plays an important role in the formation of the chiral plasma plume. In this paper, to better understand how this interesting structure is generated, the effect of the tube geometry on the chiral plasma is investigated. First, the effect of the thickness of the tube wall on the chiral plasma is investigated. It is interesting to find that a too thin or too thick tube wall is not favorable for generating the …

Ultrafast Time-Resolved Structural Changes Of Thin-Film Ferromagnetic Metal Heated With Femtosecond Optical Pulses, Runze Li, Hani Elsayed-Ali, Jie Chen, Dinesh Dhankhar, Arjun Krishnamoorthi, Peter M. Rentzepis

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

As a classic ferromagnetic material, nickel has been an important research candidate used to study dynamics and interactions of electron, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this study, we specifically chose a thick, 150 nm ferromagnetic nickel (111) single crystal rather than 10–20 nm thin crystals that are typically used in ultrafast studies, and we revealed both the ultrafast heating within the skin depth and the heat transfer from the surface (skin) layer to the bulk of the crystal. The lattice deformation after femtosecond laser excitation was investigated by means of 8.04 keV subpicosecond x-ray pulses, generated from a …

Feature-Guided Deep Radiomics For Glioblastoma Patient Survival Prediction, Zeina A. Shboul, Mahbubul Alam, Lasitha Vidyaratne, Linmin Pei, Mohamed I. Elbakary, Khan M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Glioblastoma is recognized as World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma with an aggressive growth pattern. The current clinical practice in diagnosis and prognosis of Glioblastoma using MRI involves multiple steps including manual tumor sizing. Accurate identification and segmentation of multiple abnormal tissues within tumor volume in MRI is essential for precise survival prediction. Manual tumor and abnormal tissue detection and sizing are tedious, and subject to inter-observer variability. Consequently, this work proposes a fully automated MRI-based glioblastoma and abnormal tissue segmentation, and survival prediction framework. The framework includes radiomics feature-guided deep neural network methods for tumor tissue segmentation; followed …

Computational Modeling Of Trust Factors Using Reinforcement Learning, C. M. Kuzio, A. Dinh, C. Stone, L. Vidyaratne, K. M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

As machine-learning algorithms continue to expand their scope and approach more ambiguous goals, they may be required to make decisions based on data that is often incomplete, imprecise, and uncertain. The capabilities of these models must, in turn, evolve to meet the increasingly complex challenges associated with the deployment and integration of intelligent systems into modern society. Historical variability in the performance of traditional machine-learning models in dynamic environments leads to ambiguity of trust in decisions made by such algorithms. Consequently, the objective of this work is to develop a novel computational model that effectively quantifies the reliability of autonomous …

Transfer Learning Approach To Multiclass Classification Of Child Facial Expressions, Megan A. Witherow, Manar D. Samad, Khan M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The classification of facial expression has been extensively studied using adult facial images which are not appropriate ground truths for classifying facial expressions in children. The state-of-the-art deep learning approaches have been successful in the classification of facial expressions in adults. A deep learning model may be better able to learn the subtle but important features underlying child facial expressions and improve upon the performance of traditional machine learning and feature extraction methods. However, unlike adult data, only a limited number of ground truth images exist for training and validating models for child facial expression classification and there is a …

Compact -300 Kv Dc Inverted Insulator Photogun With Biased Anode And Alkali-Antimonide Photocathode, C. Hernandez-Garcia, P. Adderley, B. Bullard, J. Benesch, J. Grames, J. Gubeli, F. Hannon, J. Hansknecht, J. Jordan, R. Kazimi, G. A. Krafft, M. A. Mamun, M. Poelker, M. L. Stutzman, R. Suleiman, M. Tiefenback, Y. Wang, S. Zhang, H. Baumgart, G. Palacios-Serrano, S. Wijethunga, J. Yoskowitz, C. A. Valerio Lizarraga, R. Montoya Soto, A. Canales Ramos

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This contribution describes the latest milestones of a multiyear program to build and operate a compact −300  kV dc high voltage photogun with inverted insulator geometry and alkali-antimonide photocathodes. Photocathode thermal emittance measurements and quantum efficiency charge lifetime measurements at average current up to 4.5 mA are presented, as well as an innovative implementation of ion generation and tracking simulations to explain the benefits of a biased anode to repel beam line ions from the anode-cathode gap, to dramatically improve the operating lifetime of the photogun and eliminate the occurrence of micro-arc discharges.