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Articles 58351 - 58380 of 198000
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Radar Emitter Signal Identification Based On Slide+Svm, Yingkun Huang, Weidong Jin
Radar Emitter Signal Identification Based On Slide+Svm, Yingkun Huang, Weidong Jin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the deficiency of traditional techniques of emitter signal feature extraction which heavily rely on experience, a model of radar emitting signal identification based on feature self-learning was proposed. This model consists of following 2 parts. Firstly, transform radar signal into frequency domain, then reduce signal dimension by using improved Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) method. Secondly, create the model of multi-layer Liner Denoiser (LIDE) to feature learning by using unsupervised training method. The validity of model was verified by simulating 5 different kinds of emitting signal with the outcome that excellent identification accuracy could be achieved at …
Speech Endpoint Detection Method Based On Lms Noise Reduction And Improved Dual-Threshold, Chunli Zhu, Li Xin
Speech Endpoint Detection Method Based On Lms Noise Reduction And Improved Dual-Threshold, Chunli Zhu, Li Xin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Endpoint detection of speech in low signal-to-noise ratio plays a very important role in voice processing. For a speech signal that is polluted by additive noise, it is possible to suppress the noise and keep the original speech relatively constant. A dual-threshold speech endpoint detection algorithm was proposed based on the least mean squares error (LMS) adaptive filtering. Dual median filtering smoothing was performed before and after double-parameter double-threshold detection. Through the Matlab simulation, the speech endpoint detection method was compared with other methods. In the noise environment with low signal-to-noise ratio, the endpoint detection effect of speech has …
Model Validation Method For Discrete Event Simulation, Niu Shuai, Shenglin Lin, Li Wei, Yang Ming
Model Validation Method For Discrete Event Simulation, Niu Shuai, Shenglin Lin, Li Wei, Yang Ming
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the discrete event system with some characteristics like unfixed operation process, flexible entity state and other issues, a comprehensive validation method for discrete event simulation model based on qualitative and quantitative analysis was proposed. The evaluation index system was composed of four aspects that are the consistency of simulation results, logic correctness of events occurrence sequence, consistency of condition events occurrence probability and consistency of activity execution time respectively. A qualitative and quantitative calculation method for the bottom evaluation indexes was proposed. The qualitative analysis method was used to validate logic correctness of events occurrence sequence and …
Research On Dynamic Authorization Allocation Of Collaborative Virtual Maintenance Based On Cpn Tools, Yunrong Zhang, Zhili Zhang, Shixin Ma
Research On Dynamic Authorization Allocation Of Collaborative Virtual Maintenance Based On Cpn Tools, Yunrong Zhang, Zhili Zhang, Shixin Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to effectively deal with the concurrent behavior of cooperative virtual maintenance for the same object, a dynamic allocation scheme was proposed to complete the maintenance operation. Before the maintenance task was started, the maintenance steps were planned, and the operation rights were allocated dynamically according to the characteristics of each maintenance step. The idea of allocation and recovery of dynamic operation rights were proposed in multi person cooperative maintenance, discussing the method of ensuring the state uniqueness of maintenance personnel in the process of simulation maintenance. The process of dynamic rights allocation was simulated by colored …
Research On Weapon System Design For Risk Management Based On Object-Process Methodology, Zheng Zhan, Yao Jian, Yang Feng, Wenguang Wang
Research On Weapon System Design For Risk Management Based On Object-Process Methodology, Zheng Zhan, Yao Jian, Yang Feng, Wenguang Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the integration and coordination of the weapon systems engineering and risk management, a new approach was proposed that integrated risk aspects with system analysis, modeling and design in weapon systems engineering. The approach established the lifecycle model of the weapon systems engineering to realize the risk identification and control in risk management based on OPM (Object-Process Methodology). V & V (verification and validation) was implemented to the OPM model by the simulation and execution progress, which significantly ensured the correctness and consistency of information and knowledge. It shows a case of UAV-based anti-missile defense system …
Novel Automatic Pavement Crack Detection Algorithm, Shangbing Gao, Xie Zheng, Zhigeng Pan, Fangzhe Qin, Li Rui
Novel Automatic Pavement Crack Detection Algorithm, Shangbing Gao, Xie Zheng, Zhigeng Pan, Fangzhe Qin, Li Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The complexity of noises covers a wide area of actual road images which causes that it is difficult to detect cracks. An automatic pavement crack detection algorithm was proposed in view of the characteristics of crack image in pavement disease. Gray-scale correction and filtering was used to preprocess the crack image. The maximum interclass variance method and Canny operator were used to detect the edge of the disease image, and then the localization and accurate segmentation algorithm was proposed for the crack image based on the maximum connectivity of the crack in the fracture image. The convolution neural network …
Research On Technology Of Data Storage And Access In High-Throughput Simulation, Zishuo Wang, Yanlong Zhai, Wenjun Tao, Yang Hao, Zhang Han, Duzheng Qing
Research On Technology Of Data Storage And Access In High-Throughput Simulation, Zishuo Wang, Yanlong Zhai, Wenjun Tao, Yang Hao, Zhang Han, Duzheng Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the massive data processing requirements of simulation application in the big data environment, the concept and reference structure of high-throughput simulation were proposed and defined in accordance with the architecture and technical characteristics of high-throughput big data computing. For the problem of data access bottleneck in high-throughput simulation, a high-throughput simulation data storage and access system was designed based on distributed memory file system, and the non-volatile memory was integrated to improve the throughput of data access. The experimental results of typical simulation applications show that the high-throughput simulation storage system with distributed memory file system and …
Modeling And Simulation Of Target Searching And Scanning Program For Millimeter Wave Seeker, Gen Wang, Wang Dong, Yang Kai, Ma Fei
Modeling And Simulation Of Target Searching And Scanning Program For Millimeter Wave Seeker, Gen Wang, Wang Dong, Yang Kai, Ma Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The method of modeling and simulation of the target searching and scanning program for millimeter wave seeker with tiny instantaneous field of view was studied. The mathematical model of instantaneous catch field and searching catch field was established. Two common target searching and scanning programs were introduced. The searching catch field under different programs was achieved by simulation. The study result can provide reference for the design and inspection of target searching and scanning program of the seeker.
Novel Hierarchical Level Of Detail Combinatorial Optimization Method For Large-Scale 3d Scene, Che Li, Fengju Kang, Xueli Hou
Novel Hierarchical Level Of Detail Combinatorial Optimization Method For Large-Scale 3d Scene, Che Li, Fengju Kang, Xueli Hou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The traditional design process of large-scale 3D scene is cumbersome and lengthy and fail to provide ideal scene rendering effect. Aiming at this problem, a feedback mechanism based combinatorial optimization of level of detail (LOD) model for large-scale 3D scene was proposed. Through analyzing the influence of observation distance, moving speed and other factors on visual perception, the mathematical model of visual sensitivity was established. By the frame rate and visualization effect feedback, invoking the model level selection criterion to adjust the model's LOD level, and eventually an optimal scene model combination solution could be obtained. Experimental results demonstrate …
Data Driven Simulation Of Polluted Gas Dispersion Using Source Estimation And Particle Filter, Rongxiao Wang, Bin Chen, Sihang Qiu, Zhengqiu Zhu, Xiaogang Qiu
Data Driven Simulation Of Polluted Gas Dispersion Using Source Estimation And Particle Filter, Rongxiao Wang, Bin Chen, Sihang Qiu, Zhengqiu Zhu, Xiaogang Qiu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The real-time prediction of the air contaminant dispersion in chemical industry park is important to the emergency management of air pollution accident. Due to the unknown source terms and the error of input parameters in the atmospheric dispersion model, the accuracy of traditional simulation is limited. A data driven atmospheric dispersion simulation based on source estimation and particle filter was proposed. Based on the results of the source estimation, particle filter was applied to assimilate the UAV observation into the dispersion model in real time to calibrate the system state and obtain more accurate prediction results. Experiments show that …
Speed Regulation Of Pmsm System Based On Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control, Liu Xiang, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Speed Regulation Of Pmsm System Based On Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control, Liu Xiang, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the purpose of improving the speed regulation of permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under disturbances and uncertainties, a nonlinear control algorithm based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method (NTSMC) was proposed. A speed tracking controller was presented by introducing a nonsingular terminal sliding mode manifold, which could not only solve the singularity problem but also make the manifold converge to zero in finite time. For the sake of reducing chattering phenomenon caused by discontinuous switching term, which usually contained sign function, a hyperbolic tangent function was utilized accounting for its continuity. Compared with the PI control method, the …
Simulation Analysis Of Beijing H1n1 Influenza Based On Spatial Clustering, Yitong Zhao, Mei Shan, Ma Liang, Zhang Wei
Simulation Analysis Of Beijing H1n1 Influenza Based On Spatial Clustering, Yitong Zhao, Mei Shan, Ma Liang, Zhang Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Spatial cluster detection is widely used for disease surveillance, prevention and containment. In the early stages of illness, epidemics have similar symptoms to common diseases, making infectious disease data processing and analysis difficult. The Agent based modeling and simulation was used to generate H1N1 influenza data in Beijing. By designing a set of experiments, the epidemic monitoring results of two spatial clustering algorithms were analyzed. The results show that, using spatial clustering algorithms to analyze the simulation data of the epidemics can help to reveal the spread of the epidemic and play a positive role in the …
Energy Efficiency Evaluation Of Discrete Manufacturing System Based On Improved Entropy Method, Zhuqing Peng, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Energy Efficiency Evaluation Of Discrete Manufacturing System Based On Improved Entropy Method, Zhuqing Peng, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the characteristic of dynamic change randomness, variety, complexity and diversity in discrete manufacturing system, nine evaluation indexes were concluded from four aspects including product, equipment, economy and task flow, and energy efficiency evaluation index construction of discrete manufacturing system was structured. An improved entropy method was proposed. As the discrete degree of an index was too large when the entropy method was used to assign weight, the weight of the index would be very large. The idea of Analytic Hierarchy Model was used to improve the entropy method. So the improved entropy method could evaluate the discrete manufacturing …
Research And Implementation On Source Term Estimation Methods Of Pollution In Chemical Parks, Zhengqiu Zhu, Bin Chen, Sihang Qiu, Rongxiao Wang, Xiaogang Qiu
Research And Implementation On Source Term Estimation Methods Of Pollution In Chemical Parks, Zhengqiu Zhu, Bin Chen, Sihang Qiu, Rongxiao Wang, Xiaogang Qiu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Studying the source term estimation methods of pollution in chemical clusters is effective to avoid accidents, since biochemical disasters have brought great loss to human beings. Safety monitoring of chemical industry parks was modeled via unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring system, inverse problem model, ridge regression model, and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on that, a practical case was given to analyze results of experiment. Research findings are helpful for risk assessments and emergency management.
Energy Efficiency Optimization For Discrete Workshop Based On Parametric Knowledge Pigeon Swarm Algorithm, Shan Xin, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Energy Efficiency Optimization For Discrete Workshop Based On Parametric Knowledge Pigeon Swarm Algorithm, Shan Xin, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the characteristics of complexity, constraint in discrete manufacturing workshop, in order to minimize the total energy consumption of the workshop as the target, discrete knowledge pigeons algorithm was proposed to solve discrete workshop energy efficiency optimization. In this algorithm, parameter knowledge was introduced into the optimization process to balance local search and global search, and the convergence and optimization ability of the algorithm were improved. The discrete process was added to the pigeons algorithm, which not only preserved the convergence and optimization ability of the algorithm, but also made the algorithm capable of dealing with discrete problems. …
Quick Diagnosis Of Ucav Control Surface Failure And Its Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation, Guanhua Lu, Xia Jie
Quick Diagnosis Of Ucav Control Surface Failure And Its Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation, Guanhua Lu, Xia Jie
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are many problems in current detection methods such as conditional limitations and complexity of calculation which make them not easy to be put into practical application. The relationship between the servo motor information and the failure of the control surface was analyzed, and a method of detecting the failure rate of the control surface by using the servo current information in combination with the aerodynamic model was proposed. The result of its hardware-in-the-loop simulation shows that the detection system can quickly and accurately output the failure rate within 1 second which is a conservative estimate. That makes the …
Statistical Photo-Calibration Of Photo-Detectors For Radiometry Without Calibrated Light Sources Comprising An Arithmetic Unit To Determine A Gain And A Bias From Mean Values And Variance Values, Adrian M. Catarius, Nicholas Yielding, Stephen C. Cain, Michael D. Seal
Statistical Photo-Calibration Of Photo-Detectors For Radiometry Without Calibrated Light Sources Comprising An Arithmetic Unit To Determine A Gain And A Bias From Mean Values And Variance Values, Adrian M. Catarius, Nicholas Yielding, Stephen C. Cain, Michael D. Seal
AFIT Patents
Calibration of a radiometry system uses a readout circuit of a photo-detector to provide first and second measurements collected over first and second integration times, respectively, where the first and second measurements are related to a photonic input to the photo-detector by a gain and a bias. First mean and variance values are computed for a plurality of first measurements. Second mean and variance values are computed for a plurality of second measurements. The gain and bias are determined from the first and second mean values and the first and second variance values without the use of a calibrated source. …
Short Run Box Maker, Jesus Valdez-Ruelas
Short Run Box Maker, Jesus Valdez-Ruelas
General Engineering
Small businesses with short run product catalogs have trouble finding the right size box that will work for multiple products. In turn, this leads most businesses to use oversized boxes resulting in unnecessary shipping fees. The objective of this project was to develop and test a cost-effective prototype of a box making machine that could create a short run of custom sized boxes. A Co2 laser was found to be the best option for cutting cardboard and a vertically standing machine was designed to feed the cardboard via rollers. To control cardboard movement stepper motors were used and controlled using …
Research On Online Lssvm Prediction Based On Hermite Matrix Inversion, Hong Bei, Xuepeng Jiang, Yudong Qi, Qinghua Chen
Research On Online Lssvm Prediction Based On Hermite Matrix Inversion, Hong Bei, Xuepeng Jiang, Yudong Qi, Qinghua Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For forecasting the gyro drift tendency of a missile, a prediction model based on LSSVM was established taking the time series of gyro's drift as study object, and an online algorithm for nonlinear system based on hermite matrix inversion was proposed. The mathematical model of regression LSSVM, and online learning algorithm were introduced. Based on the characteristic that the reproducing kernel matrix is Hermite and positive definite, a new online learning algorithm was proposed by matrix block-inversion. The algorithm was applied to prediction research on real gyro drift data of certain missile. The experiment results show that the …
Extended Target Tracking In Presence Of Target Crossing, Jinguang Chen, Mengxi Jiang, Lili Ma
Extended Target Tracking In Presence Of Target Crossing, Jinguang Chen, Mengxi Jiang, Lili Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the process of extended target tracking, if there are some crossing targets, target missing problem in target estimation will appear when the extended target Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density filter is used directly. Aiming at this problem, an improved algorithm was proposed. Euclidean distances among targets estimated were calculated at each time, and then these targets were distinguished if they were in an adjacent region or not. In the next time step, Gaussian components weights of the targets in the same adjacent region were compensated if the target number estimated became small; otherwise, there was nothing to do. …
Application Of Haze Forecasts Based On Combined Multivariable And Probability Stepwise Regression, Yonghua Xie, Le Yang, Mingmin Zhang, Hengde Zhang
Application Of Haze Forecasts Based On Combined Multivariable And Probability Stepwise Regression, Yonghua Xie, Le Yang, Mingmin Zhang, Hengde Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the less models available and poor prediction performance of current haze forecasting, combining statistical forecast and numerical prediction, a new haze prediction model was proposed based on hybrid stepwise multivariable and probability regression. Multivariable stepwise regression was used to control physical factors which influenced depending variable and the equation for atmosphere visibility wasgenerated. A haze prediction model based on binary variables was established using probability regression combined with factors like visibility and relative humidity. Experimental results have proved that compared with the existing CUACE, which is one of the main digital haze forecasting system, the accuracy using …
Orthogonal Wavelet Transform Blind Equalization Algorithm Based On Tabu Search And Double-Stranded Dna Computimg, Yecai Guo, Jieru Zhang, Binglong Zhang
Orthogonal Wavelet Transform Blind Equalization Algorithm Based On Tabu Search And Double-Stranded Dna Computimg, Yecai Guo, Jieru Zhang, Binglong Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at disadvantages of orthogonal wavelet transform constant modulus blind equalization algorithm (WTCMA), such as slower convergence rate, larger mean square error, and immerging in partial minimum easily, an orthogonal wavelet transform blind equalization algorithm based on Tabu search strategy and adaptive double-stranded DNA genetic algorithm (TD-DNAGA-WTCMA) was proposed. DNA populations were initialized by using double-stranded DNA form, to select the single-stranded DNA sequences whose fitness value are largest as the representative strands of the double-stranded individuals. In order to ensure different paths which ccould be searched and escaped from local optimum, Tabu search strategy was introduced into …
Study On Vacuum Dehydration Rate From Oil Based On T_S Fuzzy Identifying Model, Liu Ge, Bin Chen, Xianming Zhang
Study On Vacuum Dehydration Rate From Oil Based On T_S Fuzzy Identifying Model, Liu Ge, Bin Chen, Xianming Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The process of vacuum dehydration from oil is time-varying, nonlinear, and difficult to be specified with mathematical methods. Takagi-Sugeno (T_S) fuzzy model of vacuum dehydration rate of oil purifier is proposed, which a method of applying Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm and using the least square method identifying the consequent parameters. The nonlinear mapping is set up from four influence factors (the initial water content, the vacuum pressure , the initial temperature and running time) to vacuum dehydration rate using the T_S fuzzy model. The simulation and experimental results show the T_S model reflects the laws of the influences …
Two Grade Learning Goal Neural Network Modeling With Power Activation Function, Jiacun Liu, Qixiang Mei, Donghong Yang
Two Grade Learning Goal Neural Network Modeling With Power Activation Function, Jiacun Liu, Qixiang Mei, Donghong Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to obtain the very generalized and accurater mathematic model, a regression neural network algorithm with frequency decomposition power function and two grade learning objectives was proposed. The network structure is divided into frequency decomposition, input layer, hidden layer and output layer. The input signal is decomposed into several frequency range and sent to the hidden layer. The transfer function of hidden layer is power function. The hidden layer and output layer have learning objectives respectively, and the neural network has local and globe feedback. The hidden layer adopts the local gradient algorithm based on vector angle and …
Target Tracking In Hybrid Environment Based On Imm-Ukf-Cs, Zhou Yan, Hu Lan, Dongli Wang
Target Tracking In Hybrid Environment Based On Imm-Ukf-Cs, Zhou Yan, Hu Lan, Dongli Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To attack the maneuvering target tracking problem in LOS/NLOS hybrid environments, an interacting multiple model (IMM) tracking algorithm based on "current" statistical (CS) model and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was proposed (IMM-UKF-CS). In the framework of IMM, it took advantage of CS in maneuvering target tracking and chose UKF as the sub-filter for the high positioning accuracy and low computational cost. Simulation results show that IMM-UKF-CS possesses higher tracking accuracy, better robustness and lower time cost, which promises for maneuver target tracking in LOS/NLOS hybrid environments.
Multi-Objective Optimization To The Suspension Of An Off-Road Vehicle Based On Kriging Approximate Modeling, Hongni Zhou, Feng Ying, Zhenxiao Wang, Weibing Fan
Multi-Objective Optimization To The Suspension Of An Off-Road Vehicle Based On Kriging Approximate Modeling, Hongni Zhou, Feng Ying, Zhenxiao Wang, Weibing Fan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on a Dongfeng off-road vehicle, the kinetic simulating and integrating process of the independent suspension assembly was established by integrating the multidisciplinary optimization software iSIGHT and ADAMS/Car. The optimal objective considered the variation quantity and tendency of the suspension alignment parameters as the wheels traveling was proposed, and the multi-objective optimization of the suspension was achieved by applying the DOE analysis and NSGA-II genetic algorithm. To enhance the optimal efficiency, a high-precision approximate model was established based on Kriging approximate modeling method. The results suggest both the simulating curves of two models are closing to the objective …
Parallel Method For Extracting Pulses From Multi-Source Massive Partial Discharge Signals, Liuwang Wang, Yongli Zhu, Yafei Jia
Parallel Method For Extracting Pulses From Multi-Source Massive Partial Discharge Signals, Liuwang Wang, Yongli Zhu, Yafei Jia
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the issue of discharge pulse extraction for multi-source and massive PD signals, a novel parallel method based on Message Passing Interface was proposed. The proposed method applied a parallel mode called manager-worker-writer. In this method, a manager dynamically assigned task to several workers, and these workers executed tasks in parallel and a writer received results from workers in real time, so data management was separated from task execution. In addition, the manager identified sources of PD signals and sent them to workers as the keys for analyzing different data files and setting algorithm parameters, so multi-source and …
Analysis Of Finite Element Method On Dynamic Contact Of Corn Ear, Xinping Li, Ma Lei
Analysis Of Finite Element Method On Dynamic Contact Of Corn Ear, Xinping Li, Ma Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the arrangement law of corn ear kernels, the solid model and the finite element model of the corn ear were established. ANSYS LS-DYNA software was used to analyze the distribution and transmission of stress on the corn ear shocked by wedge impact head. The simulation shows that on the corn ear the Von Mises of the region which is shocked is bigger than other region. Initial phase of the impact head shocking the corn ear, the Von Mises concentrate on both sides of shocked corn kernels. With the falling of the impact head, the Von Mises transmit …
Simulation Research On Twc Dynamics Model During Cold Starting For Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Deng Tao, Xiaojing Li, Chunsong Lin, Renzhi Lu
Simulation Research On Twc Dynamics Model During Cold Starting For Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Deng Tao, Xiaojing Li, Chunsong Lin, Renzhi Lu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To reduce the emissions for gasoline engine during cold starting, the influences of crevice effect, wet wall effect because of the low cylinder temperature, adsorption/desorption of cylinder oil film and incomplete combustion on the HC emissions were analyzed. Moreover, the influences of the storage and release of oxygen on effective oxygen concentration were considered. The three-way catalytic (TWC) model was established with the lumped parameter method and analyzed under NEDC cycle. The temperature of exhaust gas getting in and out of the catalytic converter, the quantity and the efficiency curve of emissions were obtained. Furthermore, the conversion efficiency …
Simulation Research On Electromagnetic Radiation Noise Of Pantograph Arc, Fengyi Guo, Xili Wang, Xingbang Hu, Zhiyong Wang, Yanli Liu
Simulation Research On Electromagnetic Radiation Noise Of Pantograph Arc, Fengyi Guo, Xili Wang, Xingbang Hu, Zhiyong Wang, Yanli Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Pantograph-catenary system electromagnetic noise radiation not only endangers traffic safety, but also adversely affects the health of nearby residents and communications along the railway. By studying the radiation characteristics of the electromagnetic noise of the pantograph-catenary, provide a theoretical basis for suppression its radiation intensity. A Matlab simulation model of the pantograph offline arc was established, the simulation result shows out the discharge characteristics and the spectrum bounds of the arc. Then using the finite element analysis software to do a simulation analysis about pantograph typical frequency of the arc, the far-field and near-field characteristics based on the pantograph …